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单词 scintillometer
释义

scintillometern.

Brit. /ˌsɪntᵻˈlɒmᵻtə/, U.S. /ˌsɪn(t)ᵻˈlɑmədər/
Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) formed wthin English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin scintilla , -ometer comb. form; scintillation n., -ometer comb. form.
Etymology: < either classical Latin scintilla scintilla n. or scintill- (in scintillation n.) + -ometer comb. form. Compare French scintillomètre (C. Montigny 1804, in sense 2). Compare scintillation n., scintillate v., and also scintilloscope n.Quot. 1799 at sense 1 refers to a device introduced by a German scientist, but earlier use in German has not been traced.
1. A device for producing sparks for therapeutic purposes. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 277 Dr. Fricke's scintillometer consists of a metal cylinder..which lies insulated upon a pedestal, in a horizontal direction: it is divided into inches, and may be slided backwards and forwards. On one extremity, this cylinder is provided with a brass globe..on which the sparks strike from the conductor: the other extremity is provided with a ring... As the symptoms of the tape-worm usually begin with severe tension..about the region of the stomach. the first sparks are directed through the pit of the stomach.
2. Any of various instruments for measuring the intensity of scintillation (scintillation n. 2).Originally, an instrument for measuring the scintillation of stars. Now also, an optical instrument for measuring variations in the refractive index of air as an indicator of airflow, turbulence, terrestrial heat flux, or other phenomena.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > stars
astrometer1783
astrophanometer?1810
scintillometer1861
astrophotometer1866
siderostat1868
wedge-photometer1883
scintilloscope1890
1861 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. VIII. 460 M. Arago has contrived three methods, or instruments (scintillometers, as he calls them), based upon the change of the central spot from dark to light, which occurs the more frequently in proportion as the scintillation is strong.
1877 Monthly Notices Astron. Soc. 37 204 A scintillometer, formed of a circular plate of thick glass, was mounted obliquely in the tube of the telescope.
1884 Dublin Rev. Oct. 418 The appearance of the stars in the scintillometer is a very accurate indication of the coming weather.
1917 Mid-west Q. July 348 Sirius, at an altitude of 20°, gave a bright spot in the scintillometer forty times in five minutes.
1979 Appl. Optics 18 2654 We report the results of 1,049 measurements of the vertical profile of optical turbulence as recorded by a scintillometer above a site at White Sands Missile Range.
1990 Jrnl. Atmospheric & Terrestr. Physics 52 314/1 Eaton et al...compared the isoplanatic angle deduced directly from the variance of the scintillation [of a double star] with that predicted from the turbulence profile measured using a scintillometer.
2013 Sci. Total Environment 442 527 The airflow above the River Thames in central London was observed using a scanning Doppler lidar, a scintillometer and sonic anemometers.
3. A device containing a scintillator for detecting and measuring low amounts of ionizing radiation; a scintillation counter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > alpha radiation > [noun] > detector for charged particles > measuring low intensities
scintillometer1950
1950 Winnipeg Free Press 9 Feb. 10/3 The detector, known commercially as a scintillometer, has been developed by three University of Manitoba scientists.
1954 Flying Oct. 50/2 Equipped with a scintillometer to measure the number of gamma rays leaving the earth's surface, Bell helicopters..creep across mile after mile of rugged terrain.
1986 J. McPhee Rising from Plains 206 The scintillometer clicked away at a hundred and fifty counts per second, indicating that the radioactivity in the spring was about three times background.
1998 J. E. Warme & H.-C. Kuehner in W. G. Ernst & C. A. Nelson Integrated Earth & Environmental Evol. Southwestern U.S. 85/2 Surface gamma-ray logs..are collected by traversing surface outcrops with a hand-held scintillometer.
2012 C. Cushman Bobo Marché 88 As the shales held increasing amounts of disseminated uranium, and water oozing from fissures was enriched in radon, the scintillometer's radiation detector buzzed scratchily.

Derivatives

ˌscintiˈllometry n. the practice of using a scintillometer (senses 2, 3); measurement or research involving a scintillometer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > alpha radiation > [noun] > detector for charged particles > measuring low intensities > study using
scintillometry1957
1957 Acta Radiologica 47 157 (title) In vivo measurement of organ size using a gamma radioactive point source (scintillometry) with special reference to applications in gynecology and obstetrics.
1974 Nature 15 Mar. p. xvi/2 (advt.) The department has excellent modern facilities for work on tissue and organ culture, including..scintillometry.
1988 G. Ancellet et al. in I. S. A. Isaksen Tropospheric Ozone 101 Simultaneous measurements using the star scintillometry techniques (Scidar), gave evidence for the presence of intense turbulent layers, at 5-6 km altitude.
2011 G. O. Odhiambo & M. J. Savage in S. D. Attri et al. Challenges & Opportunities Agrometeorol. xxxiv. 463 Scintillometry is a relatively new technique used for measuring turbulence fluxes such as sensible heat and momentum flux measurements within the surface and/or boundary layer of the atmosphere.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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