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单词 schoolmistress
释义

schoolmistressn.1

Brit. /ˈskuːlˌmɪstrᵻs/, U.S. /ˈskulˌmɪstrᵻs/
Forms: see school n.1 and mistress n. and adj.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: school n.1, mistress n.
Etymology: < school n.1 + mistress n., after schoolmaster n.1 Compare Middle French maistresse d'escole (a1467; French maîtresse d'école), Middle Low German schōlmeisterin (also schōlmeistersche in sense ‘female scholastic (in a nunnery)’), Middle High German schuolmeisterinne (German Schulmeisterin), Old Swedish skola mesterska (15th cent.).Earliest attested as a surname.
Now somewhat archaic.
A woman who teaches in a school. In early use also: †a governess (obsolete). Cf. mistress n. 8, schoolmaster n.1 1. Also figurative.Sometimes implying the prim or didactic behaviour conventionally associated with a female schoolteacher.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher
mastereOE
schoolmistress1335
mistress1340
sophistera1387
sophist1542
schoolman1712
society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher > governess
mistressc1330
schoolmistress1335
governoressc1422
tutrice1490
tutrix1515
gouvernante1579
tutress1599
tutoress1614
directrice1631
duenna1641
under-governess1669
governess1673
conductress1760
Mam'sellec1794
directress1801
nursery governess1814
mademoiselle1861
finishing governess1862
fräulein1883
govy1899
miss1924
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > schoolmistress
schoolmasterc1230
schoolmistress1335
mistress1340
schoolmarm1830
pedagoguette1960
miss1973
1335 in H. E. Salter Mediaeval Arch. Univ. Oxf. (1921) II. 207 (MED) Margreta Skolmaystres.
a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Trin. Cambr.) l. 137 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 85 (MED) Scolemaystres.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. viii. 4 For she [sc. wisdom] is ye scolemastresse of ye nurtoure of God, & ye choser out of his workes.
1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 537 b Al that they [sc. nuns] were commaunded to do of their scholemastresses and gouernesses.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xii. 59 Phenicia was the schoolmistresse of Grecia, and first taught her her alphabet.
1658 R. Flecknoe Enigmaticall Characters 42 She have the spirit in her of twenty School-mistresses, looking with her Pigs-eyes so narrowly to her charge.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iv. vii. 116 But Nature it seems hath not been so expert a School-mistress.
1791 Act 31 Geo. III c. 32 §16 A Roman Catholick School-master or School-mistress.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 66 She a school-mistress, a keeper of silence, a maintainer of discipline.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 48 She..had more of the air of a schoolmistress than mistress of the Six Jolly Fellowship-Porters.
1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting (rev. ed.) I. ii. 42 The truth and naturalness of English ideas were introduced as models, and England became in her whole culture the schoolmistress of the Continent.
1966 B. Brophy Don't never Forget 250 Miss J. Austen is the opposite of the cult-figure. She would have made a lamentable schoolmistress.
2006 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) (Nexis) 16 Sept. I can almost hear the resounding cry of ‘hear, hear’ from retired majors and former schoolmistresses.

Derivatives

ˈschoolmistressy adj. characteristic of or resembling a schoolmistress, esp. in being prim or sensible.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [adjective] > schoolmistress
schoolmarmish1872
schoolmistressy1903
1903 C. Smedley April Princess x. 183 ‘The Knight has not been jealous,’ said the Princess quickly. ‘He only worries because he's my cousin. Relations are always school-mistressy.’
a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 339 In that grating voice, she gave her clear, schoolmistressy, common-sense view of the White Paper.
1999 New Yorker 12 Apr. 106/2 Her advice varies from the schoolmistressy (‘Small boys in fast food restaurants may keep their caps on’), through the practical..to the frankly unnecessary.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

schoolmistressn.2

Brit. /ˈskuːlˌmɪstrᵻs/, U.S. /ˈskulˌmɪstrᵻs/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: school n.2, mistress n.
Etymology: < school n.2 + mistress n., after schoolmistress n.1 and schoolmaster n.2
schoolmistress fish n. rare a black and yellow shoaling fish found in the Caribbean, perhaps the sergeant major, Abudefduf saxatilis, or other damselfish; cf. schoolmaster n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > miscellaneous type of
bluefish1622
parrotfish1656
emperor1666
blue hound-fish1672
green fish1743
reef fish1872
blue1885
flagtail1905
basslet1928
schoolmistress fish1929
1929 R. Hughes High Wind in Jamaica 22 The black and yellow school-mistress fish.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11335n.21929
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