schoolingn.1
/ˈskuːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskulɪŋ/ 1. † e. slang. A term of confinement in a reformatory. Obsolete. rare.
a. The training or discipline of a person, the heart, etc., so as to shape character or behaviour; the imparting or receiving of wisdom, morality, or understanding (of a particular thing). Also: an act or instance of this.In later use chiefly as an extended or figurative use of sense 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > training > [noun]
schoolingc1440
training1537
training1598
c1440 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Cambr. Ii.3.26) (1940) l. 44f Scolyng [c1410 Cambr. Dd.4.24 Of fyue husbondes scoleiyng am I].
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Hiijv Suerly it shulde not greue me so moche, so it myghte be lefull for me, nowe to folowe thy dyscipline .i. to be one of thy scoolynge.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) iv. xx. 740 The ceremoniall law was the schooling of the Jewes.
1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 9 Som delightfull intermissions, wherin the enlarg'd soul may leav off a while her severe schooling.
1656 in J. Phillips Sportive Wit ii. 115 Thus to be fooling, Argues how rude you are in Cupids schooling.
1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 149 Can we bear looking anew into these Mysterys? Can we endure a new Schooling, after having once learnt our Lesson from the World?
1773 J. Berridge Christian World Unmasked 147 Till the heart has had a thorough schooling here, has heard and felt the thunders of the law, it will be hard and stony.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. ii. ix. 505 The severe schooling of these wars had prepared it for entering on a bolder theatre of action.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 12 But perhaps there is no schooling so good for an author as his own youthful indiscretions.
1921 H. R. Driggs Our Living Lang. i. 20 Call it a schooling in ‘the university of hard knocks’ if you will.
1973 R. C. Meredith At Narrow Passage (1975) 4 The Kriths had given me a damned good schooling in what Virginia was like in this Timeline.
2004 R. B. Singh Goodly is our Heritage iv. 203 She is actually writing in the tradition of the Victorians in this respect, for one of their favorite themes was the schooling of character.
b. Teaching given or received, esp. in a school; the action of teaching or the fact of being taught; education. Also: an act or instance of this; a period of education.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [noun]
lore971
wissingc1000
wordloreOE
teachingc1175
kenningc1320
lering1377
learningc1380
disciplinea1382
doctrinec1384
ensignment1398
instruction?a1439
schoolc1449
schoolingc1449
document?a1500
instructing1516
entechmenta1522
institution1531
teachment1562
repasting1567
tuition1582
lessoning1583
tutoring1590
loring1596
tutorage1638
indoctrination1646
principling1649
tutorya1713
tutorhood1752
didactic1754
documenting1801
pupillizing1815
tutorizing1837
tutorization1842
tutelagea1856
coachmanship1873
preception1882
society > education > [noun] > systematic education > education at school
schoolOE
schooling?1577
schoolation?1578
public education1581
schoolage1603
school learning1751
schoolmastering1830
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 90 But certis her withal y wolde that profound and groundli scoling in logik, philsophi, and dyuynyte, and lawe were not left bihinde.
?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 92 All the worlde seeth so many small children that are orphans, lacking schooling for want of helpe.
1588 W. Kempe Educ. Children F 3 b He shall proceede to the second degree of Schooling, which consisteth in learning the Grammar.
1650 R. Josselin Diary 16 June (1976) 207 God strengthened mee for my weekely work in schooling.
1682 S. Johnson Julian Apostate i. 9 He commanded..That they should have no Schooling or Education, lest by this Advantage they might be better able to oppose the Disputants of the Gentiles.
1724 D. Defoe Fortunate Mistress 240 They wou'd keep him at-home a little longer, and give him some Schooling, to fit him for better Business.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 422 There is a charity-school..for 36 boys,..for schooling only.
1820 W. Scott Monastery I. Introd. Ep. 57 Whose sons he had at bed, board, and schooling, for twenty pounds per annum a-head.
1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon i. i, in Fraser's Mag. Jan. 41/2 Six weeks was all the schooling I ever got.
1894 M. Oliphant Hist. Sketch Queen Anne vii. 337 The son..after sundry local schoolings went to Charterhouse.
1904 R. C. Jebb Bacchylides 17 The man of mere lore and schooling.
1965 J. Gillespie Five Cent. Keyboard Music xxxiii. 414 Ingredients from his French-Swiss-Hebraic backgrounds and schoolings are mixed within a quasi-Romantic, quasi-Classic frame of reference.
2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Aug. 48/1 These experiences combined with fine and personally enlightening schooling at Oundle to send him swinging his way to Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge.
c. Originally Scottish. The maintenance of a child at school, considered as an expense; the cost of school education; school fees.Recorded earliest in attributive use in the plural.figurative in quot. 1577.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > financial maintenance of child at school
schooling1563
free place1838
1563 Haddington Council Rec. in J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington (1883) 183 Ilk bairn [was to pay] ilk term xij of skoilings silver alanerlie.
1576 Edinb. Test. IV. f. 119v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sculing That the said may be put to the scules..the said James..payand the half expensis in the scoling.
1577 tr. ‘F. de L'Isle’ Legendarie sig. Bv In deede during the raigne of Francis the second they were euen with him, and paid for their scholing, as hereafter more at large wil appeare.
c1610 E. Compton in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1808) III. 438 Find my Children Apparel and their Schooling.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1099 Schooling or school-hire, minerval.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xvii. 93 The remaining Four Pounds odd will be a little Fund..towards the Childrens Schooling.
1780 E. Griffith Times ii. 18 He apprenticed my eldest boy, last week, and pays for the schooling of the two youngest.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xlvi. 415 She would..pay his half-year's schooling.
1885 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 18 July 150/2 The husband refused to pay for the schooling of one of the two youngest daughters.
1907 Relig. Educ. 2 155 There is the Waif and Stray Society to which all masters and boys subscribe monthly and thereby pay for the schooling of fifty poor boys.
2005 J. Peakman E. Hamilton 126 Nelson paid for Horace's schooling at Eton and for his clothes.
d. The occupation or profession of teaching in a school; schoolteaching.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
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society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > school-teaching
schoolteaching1585
pedagogy1623
pedagogism1642
schoolkeeping1651
pedagoguing1804
schoolmastering1822
schooling1837
pedagoguery1857
school-marming1881
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 621 For such is all the mental food purvey'd By public hacknies in the schooling trade. View more context for this quotation
1837 J. C. Maitland Lett. from Madras (1843) 149 They had not much of a school, only five or six boys; I do not think that schooling will ever be their vocation.
1897 Education Feb. 367 Schools..opened to eke out a preacher's salary, or for the numerous reasons that induce all sorts of people to take up schooling as a means of subsistence.
1924 B. Gilbert Bly Market 66 I expect..you'll be leaving the schooling and go to the munitions.
2005 B. S. Bergeron et al. in J. R. Dangel & E. M. Guyton Res. Alternative & Non-traditional Educ. iv. 71 Seminars that directly explore schooling as a profession are highly recommended.
ΚΠ
1879 J. W. Horsley in Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 501/1 ‘This is young ——, just come home from a schooling’ (a term in a reformatory).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > scolding
chidingc893
flitingc1200
scolding1486
rating1556
schooling1557
chafing?1578
railwifery1695
ragging1788
mobbing1803
fratching1805
row1830
tongue-lashing1881
rough tonguing1916
society > authority > punishment > [noun] > corrective
chastiment?c1225
yard?c1225
chastisement1303
chastising1303
disciplinec1350
correctionc1386
castigationc1397
chastementc1425
nurturing1460
disciplining1532
chastice1594
disciplining1645
schooling1703
tickle-toby1830
nurture1911
1557 Bible (Whittingham) 2 Cor. Argt. Albeit certeyn wicked persones abused his afflictions to condemne therby his autoritie, yet they were necessarie schollings, and sent to hym by God for their bettering.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 116 But Demetrius come, And come Egeus, you shall goe with mee: I haue some priuate schooling for you both. View more context for this quotation
1601 J. Chamberlain in St. Papers, Dom. 1598–1601 (1869) 544 The Lord Keeper has had some schooling about it [sc. the vacant Mastership of the Rolls], and is much troubled, but only cares that Hele may miss it.
1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain ii. xiv. 56 Then Don Garzia de Padilla taking them aside, gave them a notable schooling, and reproved them sharply for what they had done.
1703 J. Quick Serious Inq. 32 And she would be there in her stead to give him such a Schooling.., as he never had in all his Life.
1767 B. Thornton tr. Plautus Miser i. i, in B. Thornton et al. tr. Plautus Comedies II. 173 If you turn your head once till I bid you, I'll send you for a schooling to the gallows.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. xiii. 295 I confess I thought the schooling as severe as the case merited.
3. The training or exercising of a horse or (occasionally) a rider, esp. in dressage or cross-country riding.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > exercising horses in the open air
airing1593
schooling1753
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > horse-breaking or -training
managea1586
managery1685
school1705
schooling1753
manège1768
backing1783
lunging1833
horse-taming1836
dressage1912
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. School, or Schooling, in the manege, is used to signify the lesson and labour both of the horse and horseman.
1849 H. V. Huntley Peregrine Scramble xvii. 113/1 We walked to the stables to mount for schooling.
1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. xxvii Ralph had gone..to improve the occasion by testing the schooling of the four-year-old filly..over the timber obstacles.
1902 F. S. Peer Cross Country with Horse & Hound v. 64 The writer has had many falls, but after adopting this method of schooling he never had a horse go down with him but once.
1968 Observer's Bk. Horses & Ponies (rev. ed.) Gloss. 256 Artificial airs consist of paces other than the normal walk, trot and canter, and can be obtained from the horse only at the will of the rider and after careful schooling.
2006 P. J. Mandrell Introd. Equine-assisted Psychotherapy vii. 64 The spirit of fun..is a key factor in the successful schooling of a horse.
4. slang. A gambling session; gambling. Cf. school n.1 11b, school v.1 8. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang Schooling, a low gambling party.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Dec. 1/1 I saw no ‘schooling’ or gambling groups.
1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down i. ii. 17 Some colliers..that made up the gambling school in ordinary times..were not schoolin' now, they had no coppers for schoolin'.
Phrases
† to have (a person) in schooling: to be engaged in teaching or admonishing (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)]
i-taechec888
lerec900
iwisseOE
to teach a personc1000
wisc1000
ylereOE
avayc1315
readc1330
learna1382
informc1384
beteacha1400
form1399
kena1400
redec1400
indoctrinea1450
instructc1449
ensign1474
doctrine1475
introduct1481
lettera1500
endoctrinec1500
to have (a person) in schooling?1553
lesson1555
tutor1592
orthographize1596
pupil1599
con1612
indoctrinate1621
art1628
doctrinate1631
document1648
verse1672
documentizea1734
form1770
intuit1776
skill1809
indoctrinize1861
?1553 Respublica (1952) v. vi. 52 Ah in feith dame veritee hath had youe in scooling of Late.
a1591 H. Smith Serm. (1592) 597 Because ther is such warning before vs, now we haue the drunkard in schooling, I will spend the time that is left to shew you the deformity of this sinne.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
ΚΠ
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. iii. f. 11 Man could not so conueniently, haue entred societie of life, vnles he had had citees, as it were a schoolyng place [L. paedagogio], to learne vertue in.
1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. at Minervalia The Scholars had now a Vacation, and carried their Schooling-money, or rather Presents [Fr. les étrenes ou honoraire] to their Masters.
1750 W. Douglass Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. II. xiv. 322 His usher has 60l. per ann. with some perquisites of schooling fees.
1792 B. Vaughan Let. 2 Aug. in Lett. Concert of Princes (1793) iii. 138 Sardinia; whose subjects, and even whose Ministers, are kept with the strictness, of boys in their schooling hours.
1825 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 5 Feb. 350 To assume that this schooling work is calculated to mend the morals and the lot of the people.
1877 H. Kiddle & A. J. Schem Cycl. Educ. 294/2 A schooling facility which extends from the earliest childhood up to the adult age.
1918 W. H. Hudson Far Away & Long Ago xviii. 236 The account of our schooling days under Mr. Trigg was given so far back in this history that the reader will have little recollection of it.
1986 Your Horse Sept. 7/4 Martingales, boots, bandages and schooling gadgets are not permitted.
2009 S. Levy P. Newman 81 He was a cultured man, who eventually left the schooling profession for a position in book publishing.
C2.
schooling match n. now rare a match serving to train or exercise horses.
ΚΠ
1860 A. Trollope Castle Richmond I. iii. 34 In Ireland a schooling match means the amusement of teaching your horses to jump.
1897 Baily's Mag. June 433/1 The game [of polo] was..a schooling match to prepare the Royal Horse Guards' team for the Inter-regimental tournament.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
schoolingn.2
/ˈskuːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskulɪŋ/ The action of collecting or swimming together in a school or shoal. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [noun] > shoal > shoaling
shoaling1799
schooling1856
the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > aquatic (group of) > action of swimming in group
schooling1856
1856 C. E. Potter Hist. Manchester, New Hampsh. iv. 35 This kind of fishing was practised in the spring and fall, when the water is too cold for ‘schooling’, and the fish are solitary in their habits, and lay near the shore.
1880 Rep. Royal Comm. Fishing New S. Wales 12 [The schnapper] has its periods of migration and accumulation in shoals, a movement so well expressed by the term ‘schooling’ that we shall adopt the phrase for the future.
1883 E. P. Ramsay Food Fishes New S. Wales 12 The schooling-season is midsummer.
1911 R. McFarland Hist. New Eng. Fisheries xiv. 262 Many instances are on record of the schooling of the mackerel in so great a body that it extended for miles in length and breadth.
1968 Times 12 June 13/1 One suggestion is that schooling has a survival value in that the individual fish are less likely to be found by predators when in a school.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xxi. 367/1 Fin flicking serves in calling young to parents, as a schooling signal, and during agonistic interactions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
schoolingadj.1
/ˈskuːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskulɪŋ/, West African English /ˈskulin/ 1. That serves to instruct or educate a person; that provides education or enlightenment. Formerly also: †admonishing, reproving (obsolete). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [adjective]
instructivea1492
preceptivea1525
instructing1561
documentalc1575
dogmatical1580
doctrinablea1586
doctrinal1597
didactical1603
didascalic1609
tutorly1611
schooling1614
indoctrinating1642
disciplinable1644
docenta1645
institutionary1646
protreptic1658
protreptical1662
dogmatic1678
educating1699
didactive1723
educativea1750
tuitive1776
educatory1792
didactic1799
instructional1801
tuitionary1816
instructionary1824
didascalara1846
teaching1853
tuitional1861
documentary1873
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [adjective] > rebuking or reproving
reprovinga1382
rebukinga1500
checkful1548
checking1548
reprehending1611
increpatory1645
reprimanding1701
schooling1753
lecturing1797
reprehendatory1818
snubbish1840
rebukeful1861
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia viii. 332 One Achoreus full of yeeres, A reuerent sire, whom schooling age More modest made, and free from rage.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. v. 71 Let me reckon with you, Harriet, said Miss Grandison (taking my hand with a schooling air).
1848 A. Strickland Lives Queens Eng. XII. viii. 262 She wrote the queen a long letter,..finishing with a schooling lecture on the necessity of forgiveness of injuries before communication.
1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 333 All the schooling spheres he had passed through.
1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 65 And the schooling bullet leaped across and showed them whence they came.
2. That attends school; school-going. Now chiefly Indian English, South-East Asian, and West African.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [adjective] > going to school
school-going1815
schooling1836
1836 Afr. Repository & Colonial Jrnl. June 197 The earnestness with which she pleaded for the missionaries, and the ‘schooling children’, as she called the scholars, was particularly affecting.
1890 Star 15 Dec. 4/3 We have over 1,000 schooling children.
1916 Protectionist July 163/2 The healthful glow of prospering business is reflected in every face from the great captain of industry to the schooling child of the daily wage-earner.
1994 N. PuruShotam in J. S. Khan Southeast Asian Identities iii. 76 Every schooling child must offer the mother tongue language in school.
2004 L. V. Reddy et al. Educ. for Dalits iv. 82 Supply of kerosene and lamp for night study and relieving the child from much-needed domestic services are acts of parental concern towards the schooling child.
2006 Africa News (Nexis) 13 Oct. Schools have re-opened but most of the schooling boys and girls are still at home.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
schoolingadj.2
/ˈskuːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskulɪŋ/ Designating fish or sea mammals that swim together in schools.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [adjective] > that shoal
schooling1870
the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > swimming in groups
schooling1870
1870 Rep. Fisheries Narrangasett Bay (Joint Special Comm. Gen. Assembly Rhode Is.) 21 No amount or kind of fishing can diminish the ‘schooling’ or wandering fishes of the high sea, such as the herring.
1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 189 Mackerel, mullet, silversides and all our other schooling species contribute also a share to its support.
1927 Econ. Geogr. 3 13/2 It can readily be seen that schooling fish have to cover a larger area in search of food than the solitary species.
1978 N. Coleman Austral. Fisherman's Fish Guide 84 A large schooling species, the mulloway may be found in a number of different situations.
2007 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 362 590/2 Synchronous movements in schooling dolphins may have been favoured originally because they induced confusion in predators.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1440
n.21856
adj.11614adj.21870- squatted
- squatter
- squatter camp
- squatter magistrate
- squatter pigeon
- squatter sovereignty
- squatter state
- squatter's right
- squatterarchy
- squatterdom
- squattered
- squattering
- squatters
- squattest
- squattez-vous
- squattezvous
- squattier
- squattiest
- squattily
- squatting
- squatting district
- squatting life
- squattingly
- squattish
- squattle