birrn.¹

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/, Scottish English

/bɪr/,

/bʌr/

Forms: Middle English bur, burre, bire, Middle English–1500s bir, Middle English bure, byre, Middle English byrre, ber(e, beere, beare, Middle English–1500s byr, birr, 1600s burr(e, beir(e, biere, 1600s–1700s birre, dialect beer, 1800s bir, dialect ber, 1700s– birr.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Partly of imitative origin. Etymon: Norse byrr.

Etymology: < Old Norse byrr favouring wind (Swedish, Danish bör fair wind, foul gale) < Germanic *burjo-z (or buri-z ), < beran to bear. Sense 3 is, in part at least, of independent origin, imitating the sound which it names, and is to be compared with burr n.¹

†1. A strong wind; esp. one that carries a vessel on. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind

birra1325

racka1400

galea1547

Euroclydon1561

huff-gale1582

whiskera1598

gale-wind1628

sniffler1768

snifter1768

storm wind1839

buster1848

snorter1855

snorer1871

blusterer1877

ripsnorter1889

smeller1898

hurricane wind1921

a1325 Conception in Metr. Hom. Introd. 17 The bir it blew als he wald bid.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 148 Þe bur ber to hit baft, þat braste alle her gere.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12488 Thai..puld vp hor sailes, Hadyn bir at þere backe.

a. The force of the wind, or of any moving body; momentum, impetus; rush. to take or fetch one's birr: to gather impetus for a leap by a short run or ‘ram-race’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > [noun] > force of movement

coursec1330

swough1338

swayc1374

birra1382

feezec1405

impetc1440

radeur1477

ravina1500

sweight1513

bensela1522

swinge1583

impetus1656

motive power1702

impulse1715

momentum1740

impulsion1795

send1890

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. v. 28 His wheles as the byre [a1425 feersnesse] of the tempest.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 32 Loo! in a greet bire al the droue wente heedlynge in to the see.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3662 Brethly bessomes with byrre in berynes sailles.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlv. l. 419 And to hire he Ran with A ful gret ber.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiv. sig. I7^v Carried with the beere of violent loue.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxii. viii. 197 And giving way backward fetch their feese or beire againe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Saulter Il recule pour mieux saulter, He goes backe to take burre, or to leape the better.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 549 Say, I break off wi' a' my birr.

1867 E. Waugh Owd Blanket ii. 37 in J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. (1875) Thae'd no need to come i' sich a ber.

†b. A charge in battle; an attack, a fight. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun]

reseOE

forec1275

shakec1380

birr1382

frushc1400

impression1402

imprint1490

race1535

charge1569

élan1880

charging1887

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xi. 23 We, the bure made [L. impetu facto], pursueden hem into the ȝate.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 290 I schal bide þe fyrst bur, as bare as I sitte.

c1440 Bone Flor. 659 Garcy..arayed hys batels in that bere.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11141 All the bent of þat birr blody beronnen.

c. A thrust, a violent push or blow; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking violently > a violent blow

lashc1330

birrc1400

dushc1400

swackc1425

reboundc1503

pash1611

slam1622

stoter1694

blizzard1829

dinger1845

the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent

piltinga1250

racec1330

squatc1350

dasha1375

percussion?a1425

peise1490

poise1490

dashing1580

gulp1598

jolt1599

feeze1603

slam1622

arietation1625

pash1677

pulse1677

jounce1784

smash1808

smashing1821

dush1827

birr1830

dunch1831

whop1895

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 176 Such a burre myȝt make myn herte blunt.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1244 A ȝonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ȝode.

1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. xvi. 295 Dashed my head with such a bir against the branch of a prostrate tree.

d. Bodily force exerted against anything, might.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun]

mighteOE

avelOE

mainOE

strengthOE

virtuec1330

forcea1375

birr1382

valure1440

firmitude?1541

thews1566

iron1695

invalescence1755

physicals1824

beef1851

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) James iii. 4 Shippes..ben born aboute of a litel gouernayle, where the bire [L. impetus] of a man dressinge shal wole.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2261 With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 5 Beer, Birre, Beare, force, might. With aw my beer (Chesh.), with all my force.

1823 J. Galt Entail III. vii. 70 Ye need na mair waste your bir about it.

e. Force of pronunciation, energetic utterance.

ΚΠ

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 492 Just sic a voice..in its laigh notes there's a sort o' birr..that betokens power.

a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) ii. 133 What the Scotch call the Birr,..the emphatic energy, of his pronunciation.

1883 W. Jolly Life J. Duncan xvii. 181 He told Charles the story with great birr.

3. An energetic whirring sound, such as that of a moor-fowl's flight, the running-down of a clock, or the vigorous trilling of the letter r.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [noun] > whirr

whirring1581

hurring1582

whirr1677

burr1818

birr1837

whirra1929

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > sonant > liquid > trill > burr

wharling1610

rattle1743

wharl1748

burr1760

whurl1797

birr1837

uvula trill1869

1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1842) 82 The birr o' Scotland's spinnin'-wheel.

1856 J. Strang Glasgow & its Clubs 207 Never did a Parisian badaud rattle the R with greater birr.

1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist viii. 136 The birr of the Moorcock, and the scream of the Merlin.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

birrn.²

/bɪr/

Forms: Plural unchanged, birrs.

Etymology: < Amharic bərr. Earlier used of various foreign silver coins, especially dollars.

The unit of currency in Ethiopia, consisting of 100 cents, which replaced the Ethiopian dollar in 1976; a note or coin of this value.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other specific African

macute1704

pesewa1963

leone1964

cedi1965

kwacha1966

likuta1967

makuta1967

sengi1967

zaire1967

tambala1969

kobo1972

naira1972

lilangeni1974

birr1976

thebe1976

lwei1977

maloti1977

loti1979

metical1980

sente1980

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > African coins

Morisk1525

tickey1868

ngwee1966

Kruger rand1967

likuta1967

sengi1967

zaire1967

naira1972

lilangeni1974

birr1976

kwanza1977

loti1979

sente1980

1976 Times 23 Sept. 6/1 Ethiopia is to introduce a new currency from October 14. The Ethiopian dollar will be replaced by the birr, with the same exchange rate in the international market.

1977 Statesman's Year-bk. 1977–78 916 The Ethiopian birr..is based on 5.52 grains of fine gold.

1984 Daily Tel. 24 Nov. 16/4 The birr is linked to the dollar.

1991 R. Waldrop tr. Borer Rimbaud in Abyssinia i. 22 I don't have any Ethiopian birrs yet, and charity seems suddenly an odious Western idea.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1997; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

单词	birr
释义	birrn.¹ Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/, Scottish English /bɪr/, /bʌr/ Forms: Middle English bur, burre, bire, Middle English–1500s bir, Middle English bure, byre, Middle English byrre, ber(e, beere, beare, Middle English–1500s byr, birr, 1600s burr(e, beir(e, biere, 1600s–1700s birre, dialect beer, 1800s bir, dialect ber, 1700s– birr. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Partly of imitative origin. Etymon: Norse byrr. Etymology: < Old Norse byrr favouring wind (Swedish, Danish bör fair wind, foul gale) < Germanic burjo-z (or buri-z* ), < beran to bear. Sense 3 is, in part at least, of independent origin, imitating the sound which it names, and is to be compared with burr n.¹ †1. A strong wind; esp. one that carries a vessel on. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind birra1325 racka1400 galea1547 Euroclydon1561 huff-gale1582 whiskera1598 gale-wind1628 sniffler1768 snifter1768 storm wind1839 buster1848 snorter1855 snorer1871 blusterer1877 ripsnorter1889 smeller1898 hurricane wind1921 a1325 Conception in Metr. Hom. Introd. 17 The bir it blew als he wald bid. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 148 Þe bur ber to hit baft, þat braste alle her gere. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12488 Thai..puld vp hor sailes, Hadyn bir at þere backe. 2. a. The force of the wind, or of any moving body; momentum, impetus; rush. to take or fetch one's birr: to gather impetus for a leap by a short run or ‘ram-race’. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > [noun] > force of movement coursec1330 swough1338 swayc1374 birra1382 feezec1405 impetc1440 radeur1477 ravina1500 sweight1513 bensela1522 swinge1583 impetus1656 motive power1702 impulse1715 momentum1740 impulsion1795 send1890 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. v. 28 His wheles as the byre [a1425 feersnesse] of the tempest. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 32 Loo! in a greet bire al the droue wente heedlynge in to the see. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3662 Brethly bessomes with byrre in berynes sailles. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlv. l. 419 And to hire he Ran with A ful gret ber. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiv. sig. I7^v Carried with the beere of violent loue. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxii. viii. 197 And giving way backward fetch their feese or beire againe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Saulter Il recule pour mieux saulter, He goes backe to take burre, or to leape the better. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 549 Say, I break off wi' a' my birr. 1867 E. Waugh Owd Blanket ii. 37 in J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. (1875) Thae'd no need to come i' sich a ber. †b. A charge in battle; an attack, a fight. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun] reseOE forec1275 shakec1380 birr1382 frushc1400 impression1402 imprint1490 race1535 charge1569 élan1880 charging1887 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xi. 23 We, the bure made [L. impetu facto], pursueden hem into the ȝate. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 290 I schal bide þe fyrst bur, as bare as I sitte. c1440 Bone Flor. 659 Garcy..arayed hys batels in that bere. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11141 All the bent of þat birr blody beronnen. c. A thrust, a violent push or blow; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking violently > a violent blow lashc1330 birrc1400 dushc1400 swackc1425 reboundc1503 pash1611 slam1622 stoter1694 blizzard1829 dinger1845 the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent piltinga1250 racec1330 squatc1350 dasha1375 percussion?a1425 peise1490 poise1490 dashing1580 gulp1598 jolt1599 feeze1603 slam1622 arietation1625 pash1677 pulse1677 jounce1784 smash1808 smashing1821 dush1827 birr1830 dunch1831 whop1895 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 176 Such a burre myȝt make myn herte blunt. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1244 A ȝonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ȝode. 1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. xvi. 295 Dashed my head with such a bir against the branch of a prostrate tree. d. Bodily force exerted against anything, might. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] mighteOE avelOE mainOE strengthOE strengthOE virtuec1330 forcea1375 birr1382 valure1440 firmitude?1541 thews1566 iron1695 invalescence1755 physicals1824 beef1851 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) James iii. 4 Shippes..ben born aboute of a litel gouernayle, where the bire [L. impetus] of a man dressinge shal wole. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2261 With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 5 Beer, Birre, Beare, force, might. With aw my beer (Chesh.), with all my force. 1823 J. Galt Entail III. vii. 70 Ye need na mair waste your bir about it. e. Force of pronunciation, energetic utterance. ΚΠ 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 492 Just sic a voice..in its laigh notes there's a sort o' birr..that betokens power. a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) ii. 133 What the Scotch call the Birr,..the emphatic energy, of his pronunciation. 1883 W. Jolly Life J. Duncan xvii. 181 He told Charles the story with great birr. 3. An energetic whirring sound, such as that of a moor-fowl's flight, the running-down of a clock, or the vigorous trilling of the letter r. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [noun] > whirr whirring1581 hurring1582 whirr1677 burr1818 birr1837 whirra1929 the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > sonant > liquid > trill > burr wharling1610 rattle1743 wharl1748 burr1760 whurl1797 birr1837 uvula trill1869 1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1842) 82 The birr o' Scotland's spinnin'-wheel. 1856 J. Strang Glasgow & its Clubs 207 Never did a Parisian badaud rattle the R with greater birr. 1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist viii. 136 The birr of the Moorcock, and the scream of the Merlin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). birrn.² /bɪr/ Forms: Plural unchanged, birrs. Etymology: < Amharic bərr. Earlier used of various foreign silver coins, especially dollars. The unit of currency in Ethiopia, consisting of 100 cents, which replaced the Ethiopian dollar in 1976; a note or coin of this value. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other specific African macute1704 pesewa1963 leone1964 cedi1965 kwacha1966 likuta1967 makuta1967 sengi1967 zaire1967 tambala1969 kobo1972 naira1972 lilangeni1974 birr1976 thebe1976 lwei1977 maloti1977 loti1979 metical1980 sente1980 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > African coins Morisk1525 tickey1868 ngwee1966 Kruger rand1967 likuta1967 sengi1967 zaire1967 naira1972 lilangeni1974 birr1976 kwanza1977 loti1979 sente1980 1976 Times 23 Sept. 6/1 Ethiopia is to introduce a new currency from October 14. The Ethiopian dollar will be replaced by the birr, with the same exchange rate in the international market. 1977 Statesman's Year-bk. 1977–78 916 The Ethiopian birr..is based on 5.52 grains of fine gold. 1984 Daily Tel. 24 Nov. 16/4 The birr is linked to the dollar. 1991 R. Waldrop tr. Borer Rimbaud in Abyssinia i. 22 I don't have any Ethiopian birrs yet, and charity seems suddenly an odious Western idea. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1997; most recently modified version published online June 2018). birrv. /bərr/ Etymology: < birr n.¹ intransitive. To emit a whirring noise; to move rapidly with such a noise. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [verb (intransitive)] > whirr whirra1400 birra1522 skirr1567 brill1688 burr1838 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. ix. 134 Ane gret staf slung byrrand with felloun weght. 1791 A. Wilson Laurel Disputed ii. 21 The lasses wheels, thrang birring round the ingle. 1802 A. Campbell in Tales Borders (1863) I. 157 They were both seated in the gig, and birring it on merrily towards Carlisle. Derivatives ˈbirring adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > vibratory sound > [adjective] > whirr whirring?a1500 skirring1573 hurring1582 birring1787 burring1886 whirry1936 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 150 Rejoice, ye birring Paitricks a'. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹a1325n.²1976v.a1522
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birrn.1

birrn.2

birrv.

Derivatives

birrn.¹

birrn.²