scapegoatn.

/ˈskeɪpɡəʊt/

Etymology: < scape n.¹ or scape v.¹ + goat n. and adj.Apparently invented by Tyndale (1530) to express what he believed to be the literal meaning of Hebrew ʿăzāzel, occurring only in Leviticus xvi. 8, 10, 26. (In verse 10 he renders: ‘The goote on which the lotte fell to scape’.) The same interpretation is expressed by the Vulgate caper emissarius (whence the French bouc émissaire), and by Coverdale's (1535) rendering ‘the fre goate’, but is now regarded as untenable. The word does not appear in the Revised Version of 1884, which has ‘Azazel’ (as a proper name) in the text, and ‘dismissal’ in the margin as an alternative rendering. The formation of the word has been imitated in nonce-combinations (chiefly jocular) in which the name of some other animal is substituted for ‘goat’ (compare the quots.):1765 H. Walpole Let. to Earl of Hertford 12 May That scape-goose, Lord Halifax.1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) I. 86 They have a scape-horse, analogous to the scape-goat of the Jews.1831 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 44 286 To place himself in so prominent a position that he was noted for a scape-rat.

1. In the Mosaic ritual of the Day of Atonement (Leviticus xvi), that one of two goats that was chosen by lot to be sent alive into the wilderness, the sins of the people having been symbolically laid upon it, while the other was appointed to be sacrificed.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > of animal > scapegoat

scapegoat1530

pharmakos1903

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > atonement > [noun] > for another > one who makes

scapegoat1530

satisfactory1562

sin-eatera1697

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xvi. f. xxix^v And Aaron cast lottes ouer the .ij. gootes: one lotte for the Lorde, and another for a scapegoote. [So 1537, 1539, 1560 (Geneva), 1568, 1611.]

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan xli Our Saviour Christs sufferings seem to be here [sc. in Lev. xvi] figured..: He was both the sacrificed Goat and the Scape Goat.

2. One who is blamed or punished for the sins of others. (So French bouc émissaire.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > scapegoat

wispa1450

whipping-boy1647

scapegoat1824

whip-boy1845

whipping-girl1896

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun] > one who is blamed for actions of others

scapegoat1824

lightning rod1834

fall guy1895

1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 204 Country-boys..are patient, too, and bear their fate as scape-goats, (for all sins whatsoever are laid as matters of course to their door,..), with amazing resignation.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 416 He has been made the scape-goat for many of the sins both of other individuals and of the whole nation.

1888 F. J. Goodnow in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxviii. 193 The leaders of Tammany undertook to make a scapegoat of Conolly—the least respected and most unpopular of their number.

attributive.1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold i. ii. 28 A scape-goat marriage—all the sins of both The houses on mine head.1895 J. Morley in Daily News 3 Dec. 3/2 I for one am not going to launch scapegoat Bills. I am not going to say this Bill or that Bill was wrong, and that, therefore, we deservedly lost the elections.

Draft additions 1993

ˈscapegoatism n. = scapegoating n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun]

teleeOE

tolec1000

wite?c1225

lacking1377

blaminga1382

blame1393

lack1487

dashing1591

taxation1605

inculpation1822

scapegoating1943

scapegoatism1961

1961 in N. Webster

1969 Worship XLIII. 630 The dedicated anti-Communist [is]..an apostle of scapegoatism.

1983 Times 7 July 1/7 The American action, he said, was ‘a prime example of scapegoatism’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

scapegoatv.

/ˈskeɪpɡəʊt/

Etymology: < scapegoat n. or back-formation < scapegoating n.

transitive. To make a scapegoat of (someone); to subject to scapegoating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] > scapegoat

scapegoat1943

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)] > throw blame on

witec893

putc1380

pina1627

load1662

to lay (or cast) the loada1715

scapegoat1943

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [verb (transitive)] > blame others

scapegoat1943

1943 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. Clin. Suppl. 38 143 Persons who had been inclined to scapegoat him originally.

1972 Guardian 27 Dec. 12/3 We either scapegoat the individual..or we scapegoat society.

1977 R. L. Duncan Temple Dogs (1978) i. ii. 55 A company is really too large to scapegoat.

Derivatives

ˈscapegoated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > scapegoated

scapegoated1976

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [adjective] > blamed

impugned1599

scapegoated1976

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [adjective] > blamed

scapegoated1976

1976 Child's Guardian Winter 13/3 Oliver's problems illustrate one of the great difficulties in trying to help a scapegoated child. Often the parent/child relationships are so complicated that they seem to need each other in order to continue hurting each other.

ˈscapegoater n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun] > one who blames

blamer1387

lacker1496

remordera1529

impugner1539

taxer1601

impugnator1678

finger pointer1912

scapegoater1943

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > scapegoat > one who makes

scapegoater1943

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [noun] > blaming others > one who

scapegoater1943

1943 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. Clin. Suppl. 38 151 The immediate and desired objective of the scapegoaters was to relieve their feelings of frustration, of fear [etc.].

1974 S. G. Shoham Society & Absurd iv. iv. 162 The child becomes a receptacle for the ressentiment of the scape~goater.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

单词	scapegoat
释义	scapegoatn. /ˈskeɪpɡəʊt/ Etymology: < scape n.¹ or scape v.¹ + goat n. and adj.Apparently invented by Tyndale (1530) to express what he believed to be the literal meaning of Hebrew ʿăzāzel, occurring only in Leviticus xvi. 8, 10, 26. (In verse 10 he renders: ‘The goote on which the lotte fell to scape’.) The same interpretation is expressed by the Vulgate caper emissarius (whence the French bouc émissaire), and by Coverdale's (1535) rendering ‘the fre goate’, but is now regarded as untenable. The word does not appear in the Revised Version of 1884, which has ‘Azazel’ (as a proper name) in the text, and ‘dismissal’ in the margin as an alternative rendering. The formation of the word has been imitated in nonce-combinations (chiefly jocular) in which the name of some other animal is substituted for ‘goat’ (compare the quots.):1765 H. Walpole Let. to Earl of Hertford 12 May That scape-goose, Lord Halifax.1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) I. 86 They have a scape-horse, analogous to the scape-goat of the Jews.1831 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 44 286 To place himself in so prominent a position that he was noted for a scape-rat. 1. In the Mosaic ritual of the Day of Atonement (Leviticus xvi), that one of two goats that was chosen by lot to be sent alive into the wilderness, the sins of the people having been symbolically laid upon it, while the other was appointed to be sacrificed. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > of animal > scapegoat scapegoat1530 pharmakos1903 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > atonement > [noun] > for another > one who makes scapegoat1530 satisfactory1562 sin-eatera1697 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xvi. f. xxix^v And Aaron cast lottes ouer the .ij. gootes: one lotte for the Lorde, and another for a scapegoote. [So 1537, 1539, 1560 (Geneva), 1568, 1611.] 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan xli Our Saviour Christs sufferings seem to be here [sc. in Lev. xvi] figured..: He was both the sacrificed Goat and the Scape Goat. 2. One who is blamed or punished for the sins of others. (So French bouc émissaire.) ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > scapegoat wispa1450 whipping-boy1647 scapegoat1824 whip-boy1845 whipping-girl1896 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun] > one who is blamed for actions of others scapegoat1824 lightning rod1834 fall guy1895 1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 204 Country-boys..are patient, too, and bear their fate as scape-goats, (for all sins whatsoever are laid as matters of course to their door,..), with amazing resignation. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 416 He has been made the scape-goat for many of the sins both of other individuals and of the whole nation. 1888 F. J. Goodnow in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxviii. 193 The leaders of Tammany undertook to make a scapegoat of Conolly—the least respected and most unpopular of their number. attributive.1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold i. ii. 28 A scape-goat marriage—all the sins of both The houses on mine head.1895 J. Morley in Daily News 3 Dec. 3/2 I for one am not going to launch scapegoat Bills. I am not going to say this Bill or that Bill was wrong, and that, therefore, we deservedly lost the elections. Draft additions 1993 ˈscapegoatism n. = scapegoating n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun] teleeOE tolec1000 wite?c1225 lacking1377 blaminga1382 blame1393 lack1487 dashing1591 taxation1605 inculpation1822 scapegoating1943 scapegoatism1961 1961 in N. Webster 1969 Worship XLIII. 630 The dedicated anti-Communist [is]..an apostle of scapegoatism. 1983 Times 7 July 1/7 The American action, he said, was ‘a prime example of scapegoatism’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scapegoatv. /ˈskeɪpɡəʊt/ Etymology: < scapegoat n. or back-formation < scapegoating n. transitive. To make a scapegoat of (someone); to subject to scapegoating. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] > scapegoat scapegoat1943 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)] > throw blame on witec893 putc1380 pina1627 load1662 to lay (or cast) the loada1715 scapegoat1943 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [verb (transitive)] > blame others scapegoat1943 1943 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. Clin. Suppl. 38 143 Persons who had been inclined to scapegoat him originally. 1972 Guardian 27 Dec. 12/3 We either scapegoat the individual..or we scapegoat society. 1977 R. L. Duncan Temple Dogs (1978) i. ii. 55 A company is really too large to scapegoat. Derivatives ˈscapegoated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > scapegoated scapegoated1976 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [adjective] > blamed impugned1599 scapegoated1976 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [adjective] > blamed scapegoated1976 1976 Child's Guardian Winter 13/3 Oliver's problems illustrate one of the great difficulties in trying to help a scapegoated child. Often the parent/child relationships are so complicated that they seem to need each other in order to continue hurting each other. ˈscapegoater n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [noun] > one who blames blamer1387 lacker1496 remordera1529 impugner1539 taxer1601 impugnator1678 finger pointer1912 scapegoater1943 the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > scapegoat > one who makes scapegoater1943 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [noun] > blaming others > one who scapegoater1943 1943 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. Clin. Suppl. 38 151 The immediate and desired objective of the scapegoaters was to relieve their feelings of frustration, of fear [etc.]. 1974 S. G. Shoham Society & Absurd iv. iv. 162 The child becomes a receptacle for the ressentiment of the scape~goater. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1530v.1943
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