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单词 school
释义

schooln.1

Brit. /skuːl/, U.S. /skul/
Forms:

α. Old English scalu (perhaps transmission error), Old English sceol- (in compounds), Old English sceolu, Old English scolu, Old English sculu (transmission error), Old English scola, Old English scole (weak declension).

β. Old English–1500s scol, Middle English sclole (transmission error), Middle English scoul, Middle English scule, Middle English scull, Middle English scwyll (northern), Middle English skoole, Middle English skule, Middle English–1500s scoll, Middle English–1500s scolle, Middle English–1500s scoule, Middle English–1500s skol, Middle English–1500s skole, Middle English–1600s scole, Middle English–1600s scoole, Middle English–1700s schole, Middle English– scool (now regional and nonstandard), late Middle English scolee (transmission error), late Middle English sool (transmission error), 1500s skoile, 1500s skoll, 1500s skool, 1500s skoyle, 1500s–1600s schoole, 1500s–1600s schoule, 1500s–1600s (1700s in compounds) schol, 1500s– school, 1600s schooll; English regional 1700s scull (Devon), 1700s skull (Devon), 1800s schule (Devon), 1800s skoo' (Lancashire), 1800s– skeeal (Yorkshire), 1800s– skeul (Yorkshire), 1900s– scheul (Cumberland), 1900s– schooil (Yorkshire), 1900s– scowul (Derbyshire), 1900s– skewul (Derbyshire); Scottish pre-1700 schoale, pre-1700 schoall, pre-1700 schoil, pre-1700 schoill, pre-1700 schol, pre-1700 schole, pre-1700 scholl, pre-1700 scholle, pre-1700 schoole, pre-1700 schoolle, pre-1700 schouill, pre-1700 schoul, pre-1700 schoules (plural), pre-1700 schoull, pre-1700 schovill, pre-1700 schowill, pre-1700 schowl, pre-1700 schowll, pre-1700 schuel, pre-1700 schuiil, pre-1700 schuile, pre-1700 schuill, pre-1700 schul, pre-1700 schull, pre-1700 schuyll, pre-1700 schwll, pre-1700 sckuill, pre-1700 scoil, pre-1700 scoile, pre-1700 scoill, pre-1700 scol- (in compounds), pre-1700 scole, pre-1700 scolies (plural), pre-1700 scoll, pre-1700 scolles (plural), pre-1700 scooil, pre-1700 scoole, pre-1700 scoolle, pre-1700 scoul, pre-1700 scoule, pre-1700 scoull, pre-1700 scoulle, pre-1700 scovll, pre-1700 scowl, pre-1700 scowle, pre-1700 scowll, pre-1700 scuile, pre-1700 scuill, pre-1700 scul-, pre-1700 sculies (plural), pre-1700 scull, pre-1700 sculle, pre-1700 scuyl, pre-1700 scuyll, pre-1700 scwil, pre-1700 scwile, pre-1700 scwl, pre-1700 scwle, pre-1700 scwyll, pre-1700 shoill, pre-1700 shole, pre-1700 1800s shool, pre-1700 shoole, pre-1700 shooll, pre-1700 skoil, pre-1700 skoill, pre-1700 skol, pre-1700 skole, pre-1700 skollis (plural), pre-1700 skool, pre-1700 skoole, pre-1700 skoull, pre-1700 skowlis (plural), pre-1700 skowll, pre-1700 skowlles (plural), pre-1700 skuhill, pre-1700 skuilhill, pre-1700 skuill, pre-1700 skul, pre-1700 skull, pre-1700 skwill, pre-1700 skwlis (plural), pre-1700 skwll, pre-1700 1700s schooll, pre-1700 1700s scool, pre-1700 1700s scooll, pre-1700 1700s 1900s– scuil, pre-1700 1700s– school, pre-1700 1700s– schule, pre-1700 1800s scule, pre-1700 1800s skule, pre-1700 1800s– schuil, pre-1700 1800s– skuil, 1800s scheel, 1800s– schüle, 1800s– skweel (north-eastern), 1800s– squeel (north-eastern), 1900s– sckweel (north-eastern), 1900s– scöl (Shetland), 1900s– sköl (Shetland), 1900s– skeel (north-eastern), 1900s– skeul (Orkney), 1900s– skewl (north-eastern), 1900s– skill (east central), 2000s– scweel (north-eastern); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– skail, 1900s– skil.

γ. Middle English cole.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin schola, scola.
Etymology: < classical Latin schola (also scola) exposition by a teacher of his or her views on a subject, subject of a teacher's exposition, place or establishment in which a teacher expounds his or her views, followers of a particular teacher or system of teaching, public meeting place, in post-classical Latin also company, body, (specifically) college or corporation of the army or of people of the same profession (4th cent.), royal guard, company of armed retainers (6th cent.), choir (8th cent. or earlier), colony of aliens established at Rome and organized as a corporation (9th cent.), synagogue (12th cent.), building or room belonging to a particular department or faculty of a university (frequently from c1250 in British sources), chair, professorship (1254 with reference to the University of Paris), university (a1513 in schola universalis , literally ‘universal school‘) < ancient Greek σχολή leisure, employment of leisure, learned discussion, disputation, lecture, group to whom lectures were given, in Byzantine Greek also (as σχολαί , plural) regiments of the imperial guard, section of an office < σχεῖν , aorist of ἕχειν to have, hold (see Hector n.); the suffix and vocalism may be after e.g. βολή a throw (see metabole n.), στολή robe (see stole n.1). Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French escole (French école : see note), Old Occitan escola (early 13th cent.), Catalan escola , Spanish escuela (early 13th cent.), Portuguese escola (13th cent.), Italian scuola (late 12th cent. as scola ). The Latin word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages: compare (with short stem vowel, reflecting an early borrowing) Old Saxon skola troop, band, host (compare also (with secondary lengthening) Middle Dutch schōle troop, band, flock of animals, shoal of fish: see school n.2), and (with long stem vowel, probably reflecting a later borrowing of a form with characteristic Vulgar Latin lengthening of vowels in open syllables) Old Frisian skōle (West Frisian skoalle ), Middle Dutch schōle (Dutch school ), Middle Low German schōle , Old High German scuola (Middle High German schuole , German Schule ), Old Icelandic skóli , Old Swedish skōle (Swedish skola ), Οld Danish, Danish skole , all chiefly in sense ‘institution for education’; the Scandinavian forms are probably ultimately borrowings from Old English or Middle Low German. Borrowing of the Latin word into Celtic and Slavonic is shown by Early Irish scol (Irish scoil ), Welsh ysgol (13th cent.), and (perhaps via German) Polish szkoła , earliest in sense ‘synagogue’ (1334 or earlier; compare Yiddish shul shul n.; > Russian škola (1388 or earlier)).Form history. In Old English two separate borrowings of Latin schola can be traced: an early one (scolu ) with short stem vowel (compare the Old Saxon and Middle Dutch forms listed above), showing subsequent palatalization and assibilation of initial sc- (see α. forms, and compare especially the form sceolu), and a later one (scōl ; the ancestor of the modern standard form: see β. forms) with long stem vowel (and initial /sk-/), borrowed after Vulgar Latin lengthening of vowels in open syllables and (probably) after palatalization and assibilation of initial sc- in Old English (learned influence cannot be ruled out); see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§500, 535, 547. Both scolu and scōl are strong feminines of the ō -stem declension; a weak feminine by-form (scole ) is very occasionally attested; compare also the rare unassimilated form scola . The only case form in which the form types scolu and scōl differed in spelling was the nominative singular, hence very many of the examples cannot be assigned with complete confidence to either form type. It seems certain that α. forms occurred in both branch I. and branch II. (compare quots. OE2, OE3 at sense 5a, OE2 at sense 5c); it is less certain that β. forms occurred in branch I. The α. forms apparently became obsolete at the end of the Old English period, and are unlikely to be continued in shoal n.2, despite the fact that it shows the expected form (see discussion at that entry, and compare school n.2). Occasional Scots (chiefly Older Scots) forms with initial sh- probably show the influence of Dutch regional or Low German pronunciation; they do not represent reflexes of the Old English assibilated forms (α. forms). The form cole (see γ. forms) may show a direct borrowing of Middle French escole with loss of the initial vowel (and loss of s already in French); compare Old French cole synagogue (11th cent. in Rashi). Probable semantic influence from French. The English word was probably also influenced semantically by French, compare Anglo-Norman eschole , scole , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French escole , French école institution providing basic education (late 11th cent.), teaching, instruction (c1160, also (in plural) studies (c1174 or earlier)), moral training, upbringing (mid 12th cent. in de bone escole well-mannered), place in which a school meets, schoolhouse (late 12th cent.), followers of a particular teacher collectively (beginning of the 13th cent. or earlier), institution providing teaching in one of the arts and sciences (c1230), band, host (13th cent.), the subject or knowledge being taught (beginning of the 15th cent.), training of horses and riders, dressage (1682 or earlier). Specific sense developments. In sense 17 after school v.1 6b. With Phrases 1 compare post-classical Latin scholam tenere to run a school (4th cent. in Jerome), scholas tenere to engage in academic disputation (a1364 in the passage translated in quot. a1387 at Phrases 1a; compare to hold schools at Phrases 1b), Old French tenir escoles (c1200), Middle French tenir escole (1366; French tenir école), both in sense ‘to teach, instruct’.
I. A band or company and related senses.
1.
†a. A band, troop, or company; a host, a multitude. Obsolete.Only in Old English (chiefly in verse).
ΚΠ
eOE Metres of Boethius (partly from transcript of damaged MS) (2009) xxvi. 30 Stunede sio brune yð wið oðre, ut feor adraf on Wendelsæ wigendra scola up on þæt igland þær Apolines dohtor wunode dægrimes worn.
OE Crist III 928 Ond him on healfa gehwore [read gehwone] heofonengla þreat ymbutan farað, ælbeorhtra scolu, hergas haligra, heapum geneahhe.
OE Guthlac A 204 Ac him god sealde ellen wiþ þam egsan þæt þæs ealdfeondes scyldigra scolu scome þrowedon.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxx. 431 Se heahengel gabrihel hi ungewemmede geheold & heo wunode on Iohannes & on ealra þæra apostola gymene on þære heofenlican scole ymbe godes æ smeagende.
OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) ii. 108 He þa, swa he of slæpe onwoce, wearð his mod oncyrred, and he gesomnode miccle scole and wered his geþoftena and hys efenhæfdlingas, and him sylf to wæpnum feng.
†b. historical. A group or section in the Roman army. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 41v (MED) In legiouns þere ben many scoles [L. plures scholae] and offices þat nediþ to haue gouernours of lettrid kniȝtes þat ben kunnynge in numbringe of þe puple and castynge of acountes.
c. historical. In the later Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire: any of the cohorts or companies into which the imperial guard was divided. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > legion > Roman > cohort > of Imperial guard
Praetorian Guard1604
school1776
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 388 The avenues of the palace were strictly guarded by the various schools, as they began to be called, of domestic officers.
1848 T. Keightley Hist. Rom. Empire (ed. 2) iii. ii. 313 The body-guards..consisted of three thousand five hundred men, divided into seven schools or companies of five hundred men each.
2002 J. W. Birkenmeier Devel. Komnenian Army vi. 159 The earlier guard regiments, the scholae (the schools)..and the hikanatoi (another guard unit), were each commanded by a domestic.
2. Any of several hostels in Rome for the use of pilgrims of specific nationalities; esp. (more fully English school) that serving pilgrims from England (cf. Schola Saxonum n.). Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc.
schooleOE
hospitalc1300
khanc1400
xenodochy?c1550
posting inn1556
vent1577
caravanserai1585
yam1587
serai1609
venta1610
post-house1611
xenodochium1612
imaret1613
seraglio1617
rancho1648
hospitium1650
watering-house1664
choultry1698
accommodation house1787
stage-house1788
spital1794
stand1805
resthouse1807
hospice1818
resting1879
stopping house1883
truck stop1961
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc. > specific
schooleOE
Schola Saxonum1823
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 816 Þy ilcan geare forborn Ongolcynnes scolu.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 874 Her se here adraf Burgred cing ofer sæ, & he ferde to Rome & þar wunode eal to his lifes ende, & he [wæs] gebyrged on sancte Marian mynstre on Angelscole [L. scola Anglorum].
lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 131 Gebring þine lac to Romeburh, Martinum þan pape, þe nu wealt Engliscre scole.
c1250 ( Royal Charter: Æðelwulf to Winchester Cathedral (Sawyer 325) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 96 Ic..on Rome..Englisce scole gesette.
?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 316 Seynt Petris pens,..þe whiche Kyng Iva [sic]..ferst graunted to Rome, for þe scole of Engelond ther to be continued.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 133 This schoole was sore decayed, and the house thereof lately brent, the which this Ethelwolph newely repayred.
1649 J. Sadler Rights of Kingdom 85 It [sc. Rome-scot] was granted..not to the Pope, (as 'tis generally thought) but to the English School, or Almes House for Pilgrimes at Rome.
1722 J. Stevens Hist. Antient Abbeys I. 235/1 Besides the Meadow he had purchas'd for the use of Pilgrims, or Strangers, he founded a School for them at Rome.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. iv. 110 He [sc. Canute] even undertook a pilgrimage to Rome,..obtaining from the pope some privileges for the English school erected there.
1835 J. Reeve Short View Hist. Christian Church (new ed.) ix. iv. 394 This eleemosynary tribute..was employed by the Pope, in founding a school at Rome for the reception and maintenance of English students and pilgrims.
1851 C. R. Cockerell Iconography West Front Wells Cathedral 40 Ina was the founder of the Saxon school or college at Rome, of which mention is constantly made in subsequent history as the retreat of our pilgrims.
1901 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 15 174 Nearly all the nations of Western Christendom had schools at Rome, the chief object of which was to provide lodging as well as religious guidance..for their pilgrims.
1979 Catholic Hist. Rev. 65 447 Is he a little facile in his implications about the English ‘school’ in Rome and its attraction for English pilgrims?
†3. An organized body of singers performing or leading in the musical parts of a religious service; a choir. Obsolete.Only in Old English.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] > church choir
schoolOE
choir?c1430
church choir1792
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xliv. 89 Duo subdiaconi stantes ante crucem canant grece: Agios o Theos, agyos y[s]chiros, agios athanathos, eleison ymas. Itemque scola idipsum latinę: Sanctus Deus : twegen pistelræderas standende toforan þære rode hi singan on grecisc, & eft seo scolu fram þam on leden.
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) xlviii. 267 And beon amang þam ealde gebroðro afandodes lifes to gesette, þe sitton mid þære sceole þonne hi singað [L. cum scola cantorum], þæt þa þe leornian sceolon ydele ne beon.
†4. A public building or place of assembly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > public building > [noun]
hall1297
school?a1425
common house1537
basilica1541
public house1560
public building1561
state house1593
prytaneum1673
house of call1699
basilic1728
zayat1823
civic centre1867
jong1904
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 44 (MED) A kirk theked with leed, þat es called þe Scole of Salomon.
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. E.3 Solon fyrste edifyed the schole called Areopagus in Athenes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. v. 568 In the same place, and namely in the schoole [L. schola] or gallerie of learned men, there be many more images highly commended.
II. An institution for education and related senses.
5.
a. An establishment or institution for the formal education of children or young people.boarding-, charity-, dame-, free, grammar, high, infant-, primary, public, secondary, Sunday school, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > [noun]
schoolOE
universityc1300
academyc1550
nursery1581
training place1581
seminarya1604
cathedral1644
teaching house1849
separate school1852
nursing home1880
stable1942
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 50 Eac þær leornode on þære ylcan scole se æðela Gregorius.
OE Ælfric Gloss. (Corpus Cambr.) 304 Scola, scol [corrected in MS to scolu]. Scolasticus, scolman.
OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 325 Mæssepreostas sceolon symble æt heora husum leorningmonna sceole [L. scolas] habban, ond gif hwylc godra wile his lytlingas hiom to lare befæstan, hig sceolon swiðe lustlice hig onfon, ond him estlice tæcan.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 310 Ancre ne schal naut..turnen ancre hus to childre scole.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 43 A litel scole of cristen folk ther stood..in which ther weere Children an heep.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 475 When he was a child and went vnto þe skule.
1512–13 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 404 Maister David Vocat, maister of the scule of Edinburgh.
1577 M. Lok in Frobisher's Voy. (1867) 87 My late father..kept me at scholes of grammer in England till I was xiij yeres olde.
1602 in D. Robertson S. Leith Rec. (1911) 3 That nane inhabitant..send thair bairnes to ony vther schoole.
1673 B. Makin Ess. to revive Antient Educ. Gentlewomen 26 Children..when they find their own feet, will not abide the tedium of a School.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. xi. 386 There are in London divers endowed Schools, which in France would be stiled Colleges.
1784 W. Cowper (title) Tirocinium: or, a review of schools.
a1817 J. Austen Watsons in Wks. (1954) VI. 318 I would rather be Teacher at a school (and I can think of nothing worse) than marry a Man I did not like.
1860 M. J. Holmes Cousin Maud & Rosamond iii. 37 I..was hired out to Marster Morton, who had a school for boys, and who larnt me how to read a little.
1906 R. Brooke Let. 1 Apr. (1968) 47 About a year ago I got, for my sins, into the top form of the school.
1949 W. B. Gallie Eng. School ii. 31 He managed to infuse his ideas into the masters who coached the school's junior fifteens.
2000 NZ Infotech Weekly (Nexis) 29 May 2 If the Internet is to be an effective learning tool, schools must have high speed connections for multi-access and graphics.
b. Without article. Frequently preceded by a preposition, as at school, to school, etc. Education in or attendance at such an institution.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [noun] > systematic education > education at school
schoolOE
schooling?1577
schoolation?1578
public education1581
schoolage1603
school learning1751
schoolmastering1830
society > education > learning > [noun] > attendance at school
schoolOE
school-going1896
OE Prognostics (Tiber.) (2007) 406 Luna iiii opera incipere, pueros in scolam mittere utilis est : mona se feorþa wercu onginnan, cildru on scole betæcen nytlice ys.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4935 He wes isende to Rome to leornien in scole.
c1300 Oxf. Student (Harl.) 19 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 41 (MED) Þis child was siþþe ido to scole.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7996 (MED) He sette hem vn-to scole to lore.
c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 255 I hadde in custom to come to scole late.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. ii. sig. aijv The thyrd syster..was put to scole in a nonnery.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxvii. 419 He set me to scole to Parys.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvi. 133 Whether all children be to be set to schoole or no, without repressing the infinitie of multitude.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. iv. 75 Men shall sweare I haue discontinued schoole aboue a twelue-moneth. View more context for this quotation
1677 A. Horneck Great Law Consideration (1704) iv. 105 The wolf..sent to school to learn to spell, could make nothing of all that was said to him but sheep.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 141. ⁋5 From school I was dismissed to the University.
1845 C. Dickens Cricket on Hearth i. 25 She and I were girls at school together.
1848 J. H. Newman Loss & Gain i. xii. 85 Some say that school is the pleasantest time of one's life.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. v. 314 The stock contrivances of boys for wasting time in school.
1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career iii. 14 The law demanded that they should send their children to school.
1947 L. Lenski Judy's Journey i. 7 I'm right smart glad them young uns went to school when they had the chance.
2000 Guelph (Ont.) Mercury (Nexis) 14 Oct. b1 The rain was coming down so hard that parents had to piggyback their kids home from school.
c. With the: the pupils (and sometimes staff) of a school collectively.In quots. OE1, OE2 with reference to a monastery school.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > collectively
schoolOE
schoolful1838
student body1841
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 296 Ga seo scola mid heora magistrum to þare gewunelican neode & belifan þa oþre innon cyrcean on heora gebedum.
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xxii. 37 Scola uero nullo modo hoc, qua[m]quam puerilis, intermittat, sed ut senes, licet nondum temptationibus impugnata, consuete peragat : seo scolu nanum gemete þiss þeah þe cildisc betwuxsende ac eallswa ealde þeah þe na gyt mid costungum onwunnen gewunelice adreoge.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12476 All þe scole on him can wonder.
a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 337 (MED) Nas þer non in al þe cole þat gan to lerny so.
1659 C. Hoole Petty-schoole vii. 40 See that the whole Schoole be well and orderly taught, and disciplined.
1678 J. Gailhard Compl. Gentleman 19 When there happens to be an unruly and uncorrigible young man, 'twill be the credit and interest of the Master to dismiss him, for fear he should spoil the whole School.
1744 S. Fielding Adventures David Simple II. viii. 115 We were both so fond of Reading and Study, that we became the Contempt of all the School.
1780 J. Q. Adams Diary 11 Sept. (1981) I. 69 Half Holiday for the school.
1835 F. W. Thomas Clinton Bradshaw I. xiii. 205 He would have all the school laughing; and, in the midst of the merriment, never move a muscle.
1858 F. W. Farrar Eric (ed. 2) i. xii. 138 The school listened to Gibson's quiet unmoved formality with a kind of grim and gloomy satisfaction.
1905 E. W. Hornung Thief in Night 130 He was not..the hero of the Old Boys' Match, and that was expected of him by all the school.
1951 J. W. Gerard My First Eighty-three Years in Amer. ii. 21 My offense was so serious that the headmaster felt it advisable to defend me apologetically before the entire school.
2005 J. van de Ruit Spud (2007) 41 The school sat in awkward silence.
d. The building or set of buildings used by a school.In quot. 1857 with reference to Rugby School: the School house (house n.1 7c).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school
schoolhousea1272
pedagogue1500
school1519
school building1713
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school > a house
school1857
outhouse1900
1519 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 90 Mastyr Mechell sall wphald the scwyll & gud rewill.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 37 Harken no longer for the Clock, shut vpp the Schoole, and get you home.
1621 Court Proc. 31 Oct. in S. M. Kingsbury Rec. Virginia Company (1906) I. 538 The Companie of gentlemen and Marriners that lately came home from the Indies in the Royall Iames had giuen a contribution of 70li towardes the buildinge of a Church or Schoole in Virginia.
1663 J. Beale Let. 30 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 219 As I lay in bed..in Eton College, Jac Squib in a very greate Tempest opens the dore by my bed-side to make water upon the Leads, that are over the Schoole.
1746 Eng. Traveller III. 516 Before the Front of the School he built a stately Crypto-Porticus, or fair Walk, all the Length of the School.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland i. 104 The school is a building of considerable extent..with..a spacious play-ground walled in.
1843 C. Dickens Christmas Carol ii. 49 The school is not quite deserted... A solitary child..is left there still.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. ix. 229 They saw five or six nearly new balls hit on to the top of the School.
1922 G. Kennan E. H. Harriman I. ii. 26 The lawless street boys, who teased the scholars and threw stones at the windows of the school.
2001 Daily News (Taranaki, N.Z.) (Electronic ed.) 10 Nov. 2 Walking buses had a lot of benefits, including possibly reducing traffic congestion around the school.
e. A division of a school, typically according to age and comprising several forms or classes. Also (in a Jesuit school): a form or class. Chiefly with modifying adjective, as under school, etc.lower, upper school: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils
school1586
faction1700
lower school1725
middle school1829
side1866
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils > Roman Catholic or Jesuit
school1880
1586 in Cal. Dramatic Rec. 1485–1640 (1954) iii. 156 Now there are not sixtene good, and bad, yt have bin yet ij yeares vnder our maister in all the vpper scole.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 15 The Students of the three under schooles, go up to those of the upper.
1698 M. Henry Acct. Life P. Henry i. 7 A while after he was taken into the upper School,..he was admitted King's Scholar.
1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. i. 91 In the lower School, the Children are received very young, and are initiated into all School-Learning.
1787 Mr. Orde's Plan Improved Syst. Educ. in Ireland 85 The boys who may be admissible, should at the time be placed in the lowest class of the upper school.
1867 H. J. Roby Let. 15 June in Rep. Schools Comm. (1869) XVI. 22 That the boys of both schools should meet twice a day in the ‘Latin’ schoolroom for prayers.
1880 Macmillan's Mag. No. 245. 423 The general students, or boys at Stonyhurst, are..divided into seven forms, or, as they are called there, ‘schools’.
1900 J. S. Farmer Public School Word-bk. 213 The under school was divided in a very peculiar fashion.
2009 M. D. Beil Ring of Rocamadour i. 12 We traded in the red sweater vests of the lower school for the plaid skirts and shockingly red..blazers of the upper school.
f. Without article. A day's session at school; the set time of attendance there.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > set time of attendance
schoola1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. i. 10 How now Sir Hugh, no Schoole to day? View more context for this quotation
1749 S. Fielding Governess 114 They readily resolved to obey her Commands, and desired, that, after School, they might take a Walk.
1797 F. Reynolds Will v. 57 Alb. School's up! School's up!
1834 Tracts for Times No. 22. 5 It still wanted a considerable time to school.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 293 About ten minutes before school Martin and Arthur arrived in the quadrangle.
1881 A. O'Shaughnessy Songs of Worker 176 In yonder quiet ground against the church Where between schools the children play with flowers.
1938 J. Fante Wait until Spring, Bandini ii. 51 I warned you about not paying attention... You're to stay after school until six o'clock.
1974 ‘R. Tate’ Birds of Bloodied Feather vi. 127 ‘What's the time?’ ‘Four.’ ‘School's out’.
1993 E. Santiago When I was Puerto Rican 196 Delsa, Norma, Héctor, you'd better get dressed fast or you'll be late for school.
6. figurative and in figurative contexts. A place, environment, experience, etc., which forms or develops a person's character or behaviour (in a positive or negative way); a person or thing regarded as a source of wisdom, knowledge, or self-improvement.Frequently (esp. in early use) with a genitive or genitive phrase, as ‘Christ's school’, ‘the school of Hell’, etc. Cf. the school of (the) hard knocks at Phrases 9.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > school > [noun]
schoolOE
madrasa1881
magnet school1972
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 38 Her synd eac þa cnihtas..mid ðam ic becom to cristes scole.
OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) Prol. 6 Constituenda est ergo a nobis dominici scola servitii : is to settanne fram us drihtenlices scole þeowdomes.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. iii. 245 Heofencund wisdom..þus cwæð. Hu ne eart ðu se mon þe on minre scole wære afed & gelæred?
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 384 (MED) Þou art y-tauȝt to a liþer scole.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 436 As he which of the Scole of helle Is tawht.
c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 16 (MED) She is the skole of alle goodly manere; Who hir biholt may lere that is witty.
c1450 (?a1400) Long Charter of Christ, B Text (Calig.) l. 3 (MED) To oþer skole dare he not wende..Then for to do as þis boke telleth. For holy wryte for-soþe hit spelleth.
1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 1v Whether this family haue bene taught in the schole of the holy ghost, or in the schole of the Anabaptistes.
1663 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes: 2nd Pt. v. 59 I was bred in Natures simple School.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 238 Empires, and Monarchs, and thir radiant Courts, Best school of best experience. View more context for this quotation
1759 O. Goldsmith Pres. State Polite Learning xi, in Misc. Wks. (1895) 443/2 They keep the student from the world, which, after a certain time, is the only true school of improvement.
1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i, in Wks. (1808) VIII. 196 Example is the school of mankind.
1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xi. 14 Warp'd by the world in Disappointment's school.
1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 891/1 Otis Tufts graduated at the school of adversity in his twenty-first year.
1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. (1931) ii. xxiv. 112 Indian boys and girls went to the school of life and in it learned from the taskmaster of Experience how to live.
1969 M. Bragg Hired Man (1972) i. vii. 64 Labour was his school, his opportunity, the stuff of his imagination and increasingly the object to which his senses reached.
2009 R. Garay Manship School x. 137 Veteran newspapermen who had come up the hard way, learning their skills in the hard school of experience.
7. The place or institution in which an ancient Greek or Roman philosopher taught.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > [noun] > educational institution > in ancient Greece
schoolOE
academya1382
academia1542
lyceum1579
garden1603
stoa1603
Athenaeum1728
Academe1751
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxx. 436 Sum halig biscop wæs, Basilius gehaten, se leornode on anre scole, & se ylca Iulianus samod.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 59 And Eubolus se uðwyta, þe þær yldost wæs on wysdome, underfæng þonne cnapan [sc. Basilius]..to larlicre scole.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xix. 9 He goynge awey fro hem, departide disciplis, ech day disputinge in scole of sum tyraunt [L. in schola tyranni cuiusdam].
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. l. 1179 (MED) This Calistenes Was in his youthe put for to scoleie In the too scooles of prudent Socrates And of Plato.
c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 154 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 377 He..ȝed ful of[t]..to þe scule of phylosophy.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 10 He persauand thir tua princis entir in his scule, he changit the mater of that present lecture.
1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course v. f. 67v Alexander..gaue to the Philosopher Anaxarchus to set vp his Schoole, a hundred talents.
1637 J. Milton Comus 15 Or shall I call Antiquity from the old schools of Greece To testifie the armes of Chastitie?
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 369 Also the Philosophers themselves had the name of their Sects, some of them from these their Schools.
1704 T. Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 415 They went to Megara, where Euclid who had been a Disciple of Socrates, had erected a Philosophick School.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 40 The most famous school [of jurisprudence] was that of Berytus, on the coast of Phœnicia.
1816 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 19/1 Plato and Aristotle founded their schools long after Abaris' time.
1866 S. E. Warren Notes on Polytechnic or Sci. Schools in U.S. iii. 23 The disciples of Plato were called Academists, and each, on opening a school of his own, called it an academy.
1914 The Word Apr. 25 Pythagoras' school at Crotona did produce philosophers but no adepts whose names, as such, were preserved to the world.
1964 W. Anderson Man's Quest for Polit. Knowl. x. 262 Aristotle..turned his school over to Theophrastus and left the city.
2005 T. P. Bridgman Hyperboreans iv. 91 Iamblichus... later founded his own school, possibly at Apamea.
8.
a. Also with capital initial. Frequently with modifying word or phrase. The body of people taught by a particular philosopher, scientist, artist, etc. Hence more widely: a group of people who follow or are influenced by the teaching of a particular person, or who share similar principles, ideas, or methods.When modified by an adjective derived from a place name (as Flemish, Venetian, British School, etc.) sometimes referring to those who trained in that place; but chiefly understood to mean a local group united by a similar method or style.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun]
heresyc1384
school?a1425
sect1608
school of opinion1796
school of thought1829
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > those taught by same master
school?a1425
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > school of artists
school1728
tradition1900
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > [noun]
school1728
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 39v (MED) Þe scole of mountpellers holdeþ þe same resoun.
?1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Paradox sig. Aviv Cato is wonte to speke after the schole of Zeno.
1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 118 The schoole of Epicure, and the Atheists, is mightily increased in these dayes.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 85 That schoole which is most acused of Atheisme doth demonstrate Religion. That is, the Schoole of Leusippus, and Democritus, and Epicurus.
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant i. §4. 66 If by faith we eat the flesh of Christ; as it is confessed by all the Schooles of Christians; then [etc.].
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. School, in Painting, is a Term used to distinguish the different Manners of Places, and Persons: As, the Roman School, the Venetian School, the Flemish School, &c.
1771 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. iv, in Wks. (1797) I. 61 The Roman, the Florentine, the Bolognese schools... These are the three great schools of the world in the epick stile.
1791 R. Polwhele tr. Theocritus Idyllia II. 28 In the school of rustic imitation, Spenser and Gay are said to hold the most conspicuous places.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 195 William Wycherley, the most licentious and hardhearted writer of a singularly licentious and hardhearted school.
1891 R. Fry Let. 17 May (1972) I. 145 I find..the Venetian School of painting far more instructive than the Florentine.
1937 J. Agate Diary 9 Aug. in Selective Ego (1976) 86 It may be said that there never was a Manchester school of drama, but only an odd dramatist or two who happened to be born or to live in Manchester.
1969 K. Clark Civilisation ii. 52 Chartres was the centre of a school of philosophy devoted to Plato.
1991 D. Stafford & L. Hodgkinson Codependency 126 In the psychoanalytic field there are Jungian, Freudian, Kleinian and the British School of psychoanalysis.
b. figurative. A group of people who share a particular opinion, practice, custom, etc. Cf. new school n., old school n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > followers of
succession1653
school1827
1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xlv. 319 Your new Schooles defend, that the same respect is due vnto the Representee, as must be giuen to the represented.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas IV. x. i. 6 Mr. Doctor,..as I am a grand nephew to a physician of the old school, give me leave to revolt with you against chymical medicines.
1792 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 231 Manfredi, a statesman of the Italian school, who takes insincerity for wisdom.
1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate vi She did not hesitate to admit him to her boudoir, after the privilege of the French and the old Scottish school.
1866 Pall Mall Gaz. 1 Aug. 9 Her mother was a strict disciplinarian of the verberative school.
1910 G. W. Redway War of Secession ii. 31 The short-sighted views of the run-and-read school of historians.
1964 Eng. Stud. 45 419 The flights of pseudo-psychological fancy of the gaudier school of criticism.
2009 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 25/2 Gail..is of the Bambi school, while I am more a ‘nature, red in tooth and claw’ person.
c. A particular type of doctrine or practice as followed by a group of people; a style, approach, or method of a specified character.Cf. school of thought, school of opinion at Phrases 8a.
ΚΠ
1818 Lady Morgan Jrnl. in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 44 He [sc. Monk Lewis] was the founder of the dramatic school of novel-writing.
1837 S. R. Maitland 6 Lett. Fox's A. & M. 42 This ‘never mind’ school of history.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 176 His book..was a capital instance of the Penny Messalina school of literature.
1909 A. Berget Conquest of Air ii. v. 230 We are confronted by two schools of aviating apparatus: the American school..which demands everything of the aviator, and the French school..which requires..the minimum from the pilot.
1977 R. Williams Marxism & Lit. ii. iv. 97 The theory became at once a cultural programme and a critical school.
2001 Observer 29 July (Review section) 14/2 This Brooklyn duo is the antidote to the bling-bling school of hip-hop.
9.
a. With modifying word or phrase specifying the subject taught. An institution in which instruction of a particular kind is given to children or adults, either full- or part-time, vocational or as a leisure activity. Also (originally after French use) in the titles of various institutions of higher scientific or technical education, as the School of Mines, School of Economics, etc., and in the names of certain organizations for archaeological research, as the British School at Athens; cf. sense 12a.art, business, dancing-, music, riding, stage school, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > [noun] > educational institution
studya1382
school1440
learning-place1517
pedagogy1571
learning-seat1584
seminary1585
Academe1598
phrontisterion1615
phrontistery1623
pedagoguery1820
thinking-shop1837
centre of learning1844
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > college > technical college
school1815
technical college1824
polytechnic1836
poly1858
Tech1881
Polytech1900
technicum1924
monotechnic1931
Open Tech1980
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 449 Scole, of pleyynge gamys, or werre, or other lyke, gignasium.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Ludus gladiatorius, a schoole of fence.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 28v The Senators of Rome..caused Schooles of Defence to be erected in Capua.
a1583 H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 5 The..Mathematician..shall haue in his Schole a shippe and gallye, made in modell.
1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 93 Proposed that care be Taken, about the Learning and Instruction of Youth, to Witt, a scool of Arts and Siences.
1767 Connossieur 2 No. 60 (ed. 5) 192 A school for Whist would [teach] lurching,..finessing,..and getting the odd trick.
1792 B. Franklin in European Mag. Dec. 452/2 Had I remained in England and opened a school of natation, I might have gained a deal of money.
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris xv. 288 The school of mines [in Paris].
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iii. viii. 106 Lady Maud..longed to teach in singing schools.
1896 (title) The annual of the British School at Athens.
1910 Encycl. Brit. IV. 789 The espador must have passed through a trying novitiate in the art at the royal school of bull-fighting, after which he is given his alternativa, or licence.
1950 Rotarian Oct. 31/6 Gordon F. Coles..will attend London School of Economics, England, to study international relations.
1994 Independent on Sunday 19 June (Review Suppl.) 25/2 Her London drama school was like a finishing school: ‘Lots of glamorous people with lardy accents.’
b. With modifying word or phrase, in the titles of manuals of instruction in particular subjects. Now only in the titles of music books teaching a particular instrument.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > textbook or book of instructions > [noun]
handbookOE
doctrinalc1450
directory1543
school1545
instruction book1546
companion1621
body1647
tutor1665
self-instructor1700
tutorer1702
preceptorc1710
textbook1779
self-instructer1800
bench book1887
user guide1936
user manual1936
text1955
1545 R. Ascham (title) Toxophilus the schole of shootinge.
1585 C. Clifford (title) The schoole of horsmanship.
1642 R. M. (title) A compleat schoole of warre.
1696 R. H. (title) The school of recreation: or a guide to the most ingenious exercises of hunting, riding, racing, fireworks [etc.].
1733 (title) The School of Miniature, erected for the instruction of the ignorant.
1765 D. Angelo (title) The school of fencing.
1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 7 The system of fingering laid down in this violin school.
1874 Monthly Musical Rec. Feb. 20/1 We promised our readers an account of the very complete ‘Theoretical and Practical Piano School’.
1910 E. L. Winn How to prepare for Kreutzer xxxi. 207 Hohmann's Practical Violin School, parts I to III, contains two-part exercises of an interesting nature.
1996 T. Takahashi (title) Suzuki flute school.
c. figurative. Chiefly with modifying word or phrase. A place, person, or thing regarded as a source of instruction in a particular quality, skill, branch of knowledge, etc.
ΚΠ
1550 J. Ponet Notable Serm. conc. Ryghte Use Lordes Supper sig. Divv The schole of lyes, of whom the deuel is the chefe scholemaster.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. Cv Or else a free schoole of skolds shalbe set vp for the nonce.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. ii. 55 Faith he is gone vnto the taming schoole . View more context for this quotation
1690 (title) The school of politicks; or the humours of a coffee-house.
1705 C. Johnson tr. A. Cowley Fortune in her Wits iii. 35 Have you heard any thing of the new School just set up; a pleasant Fancy, a Joking School.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 190 The science of astronomy was cultivated at Babylon; but the school of the Arabs was a clear firmament and a naked plain.
1832 C. Thirlwall in Philol. Museum 1 495 The ancient rhetoricians were a class of babblers, a school for lies and scandal.
1896 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Feb. 116/1 I shall take you to the theatre, which is sometimes a very good school of manners.
1925 R. Knox in Observer 1 Nov. 9/3 Railway travelling is the best possible school of human patience.
2005 J. Furnival Children of Second Spring (2006) vii. 153 That the streets were the school of crime was now something he was more acutely aware of than ever.
d. Without modifier. An establishment for the training of horses and riders; (now chiefly) the arena or manège of such an establishment. Also: the exercises or system of training practised there; dressage (now rare). Cf. riding school n., high school n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > riding school
riding house1631
manage1655
riding schoola1680
manège1705
school1705
managery1782
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > horse-breaking or -training
managea1586
managery1685
school1705
schooling1753
manège1768
backing1783
lunging1833
horse-taming1836
dressage1912
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. i. at Galopade The Gallop of the School [Fr. galop d'école].
1771 R. Berenger Hist. & Art Horsemanship II. xiv. 100 The design of this school is to make equally supple and active all the limbs of a horse.
1850 S. C. Wayte Equestrian's Man. 5 Tuition, in the school alone, can seldom make a good rider.
1881 E. L. Anderson How to ride & school Horse Introd. 5 It is to be regretted that, in this nation of horsemen, riding as practised in the schools, should have fallen into disuse; for the manége is the foundation of horsemanship.
1911 M. C. Grimsgaard Orig. Handbk. for Riders 332 The modern school demands that the high school horse shall be taught to jump as we understand it, and to do it with the highest degree of precision and correctness.
1975 E. Baird Illustr. Guide Riding viii. 61 Ask for the extension of trot on the long side of the school or menage.
2007 Horse & Rider Oct. 86/2 We go in the school three or four times a week, do a little jumping and go for one or two hacks a week, too.
10. U.S. A university or college of higher education. Frequently in prepositional phrases without article, as at school, to school, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun]
high school1581
school1701
lyceum1832
knowledge factory1845
1701 T. Clap Ann. Yale-Coll. (1766) 11 The Rector shall also cause the Scripture daily..to be read by the Students at the Times of Prayer in the School.
1767 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 1 A letter to my father, begging him to put me to School.
1774 E. Wheelock Let. 1 Dec. in I. W. Hammond Coll. New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. (1889) IX. 81 The affairs of this School at present appear with an amazing Incouraging Aspect.
1838 Western Messenger Jan. 355 Harvard and Yale are pretty good schools, but nothing more.
1898 Catholic World Nov. 164 Girls, whose parents do not wish to keep them at school until a degree is obtained, may after..the freshman year, get the ‘finishing medal’.
1904 Delineator Oct. 657 College pillows..of orange, with ‘Princeton’ in black, and similarly with the names and colours of other schools.
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. ii. 5/6 (caption) Oxford crewman J. K. Mullard waves jubilantly after victory over traditional rival Cambridge... Oxford won by three lengths in 113th meeting between the schools.
1977 I. Shaw Beggarman, Thief i. vi. 76 The proms at which he played the trumpet in the band, to help pay his way through school.
2003 Y. B. Moore Triple Take i. 5 He was awarded a bachelor's degree in constructive sciences and promised himself to return to school someday to get his master's degree.
11. slang.
†a. British. A gang of thieves or beggars working together. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > company or class of
fighting1486
beggary?1615
school1779
beggar-clana1821
beggardom1882
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > company of thieves
school1779
kleptocracy1819
mob1826
flash mob1832
push1866
1779 in J. Hanway Distributive Justice & Mercy (1781) xxvi. 149 These schools are formed for the practice of iniquity; and emulation is set to work to frame master strokes of villainy.
1842 Impositions practised by Vagrants 12 These lurkers generally go in schools, (companies) and will obtain from One to Two Pounds daily.
1856 A. Wynter Curiosities of Civilisation (1860) xii. 478 Inferior classes of thieves work in smaller ‘schools’, say of a couple of women and a boy.
1889 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang 1/2 The Aaron is the chief or captain of a gang or school of thieves.
b. Chiefly British and Australian. A group of people meeting (esp. habitually) to gamble together. Frequently with modifying word specifying the type of gambling or game played.gambling-, poker, swy school: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > player of games of chance > party of
table1750
school1819
gambling school1935
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 203 School, a party of persons met together for the purpose of gambling.
1891 ‘Smiler’ Wanderings Simple Child (ed. 3) 10 As I pushed my way through the throng, I at once perceived that ‘school’ was in.
1911 L. Stone Jonah ii. vi. 213 He could think of nothing but the two-up school, which had swallowed all his spare money before he was married.
1946 A. Marshall These are my People 83 If I got into a school with some of the mugs round here they'd be penniless in two hours.
2005 C. Wilson Cotton xii. 137 We shy away from the card school. Psychics play sly, hard, mean poker.
c. British, Australian, and New Zealand. A group of people drinking together, taking turns to buy the drinks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > group taking turns to buy
school1890
1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 206/2 School,..any small gathering of people generally bent on pleasure, as a school of drinkers in a public house or canteen. Much used by soldiers.
1911 R. MacAire To prohibit or not to Prohibit! 11 A ‘school’ got more from those that did not drink.
1971 D. Lees Rainbow Conspiracy v. 72 I..ordered a pint of bitter for myself. I didn't want to get into a school and I needed to think.
2005 R. Annear City Lost & Found xi. 196 The group's guiding principle was to avoid getting into a large drinking ‘school’—where shout followed shout, all the way to inebriation.
III. Senses originating from medieval academic institutions.
12.
a. In the Middle Ages: a body of teachers and scholars engaged in giving and receiving instruction in one of the higher branches of study (cf. trivium n. 1, quadrivium n. 2); esp. one of the various bodies of this kind which jointly constituted a university; a faculty. Also (esp. in early use) in prepositional phrases without article, as at school, to school, etc. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > university > faculty of
school?a1425
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xi. 190 Þa wæs geslegen..mid þy wæle þæs ilcan woles sumne [read sum] leornungmon in scole [L. scolasticus quidam] Scotta cynnes.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 63 (MED) Whil y wes a clerc in scole, wel muchel y couþe of lore.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 271 Enuye..heet freres to go to scole, And lerne logyk and lawe.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Ellesmere) (1872) l. 2186 No maister quod he but seruitour Thogh I haue had in scole swich honour.
?a1425 in A. Hudson Eng. Wycliffite Serm. (1990) I. 370 Syche dowtis we schulden sende to þe scole of Oxenforde.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 11477 Thogh a man wer neuere so wys, And hadde lernyd at Parys, Thys thryrty yer at scole be In that noble vnyuersyte.
1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse f. 2v Vntil you came from the schole of Rhetorike to teach the world this new Gospel, no priest euer considered, how great and worthy a worke it is, to offer vp Christe vnto his Father.
1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike Ded. sig. ¶4v Having once knowen the price of an Admission, Salting, and Matriculation, with the intertayning of Freshmenne in the Rhetorike schooles.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 370 That which is now called an University, is..an Incorporation under one Government of many Publique Schools, in one and the same Town or City. In which, the principall Schools were ordained for the three Professions, that is to say, of the Romane Religion, of the Romane Law, and of the Art of Medicine.
1847 E. F. Percival Foundation Statutes Merton Coll. Oxf. Intro. p. xvii No student could determine until he had attended a school of arts for four years.
1903 C. W. Stubbs Cambridge iii. 67 In the second year of his university course the student would find himself a ‘sophister’, or disputant in the Logic school.
1998 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 6th Ser. 8 5 By 1273 this Richard is being described as ‘magister’... He had perhaps been to the schools of Oxford.
b. In plural. With the in later use. The faculties composing a university; (hence) universities in general; the sphere or domain of academic discussion or traditional academic doctrines and methods. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [noun] > traditional academic sphere
schoolsc1400
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > university
universityc1300
general studya1382
schoolsc1400
college1459
ninneversitya1592
studium1610
studium generale1647
versityc1680
varsity1846
Univ1896
uni1898
U1910
c1400 Last Age of Church (1840) p. xxxiv (MED) Þe Mayster of Scholys rehersiþ þe þridde book of Kyngis.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 89 Manye, whiche neuere leerned ferther in scolis than her grammer.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4610 (MED) Is þar na lare in ȝoure land, labour of scolis, Fesike, ne no philosofy?
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 103 He..haittit all that cunnyng wer in scuillis.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 111 That sik frehalderis..sulde susteine thair eldest sones at the schuilis, quhill perfytlie tha vndirstude the Canon lawis.
a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1631) 199 We learne at Schooles what to say in such a controversie, how to dispute rather than how to live.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. Ded. sig. aiv I haue not endeauoured to expresse my conceptions eyther in the phrase, or in the language of the schooles.
1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons i. 9 A mixt Government partaking of the known Forms received in the Schools.
1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 52 These are the arguments of states and kingdoms. Leave the rest to the schools; for there only they may be discussed with safety.
a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 644/1 It was this realist spirit..which really held back the nominalism of the schools.
1877 Nature 8 Mar. 393/2 75 per cent, read for honours in the various schools or Faculties.
1906 W. M. F. Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt xii. 79 The formal theology of the schools which grouped gods together in trinities or enneads.
2006 G. Herring Introd. Hist. Christianity vii. 220 They then employed casuistry, bringing general moral principles to bear on particular concrete cases, a science learnt in the schools.
†c. In plural with singular agreement. An assembly of the bodies comprising a university for the purpose of disputation; a public disputation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > [noun]
oppositionc1451
schoolsc1475
parvis1496
debatec1500
parley1577
probleming1657
tilt1709
responsion1841
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 229 Mayster Halden kepte the scholys with in the Fryers and dysputyd a gayne a Gray Fryer..; and at that scholys were many grete docters and clerkys to geve hym audyens.
d. Originally in the United States: a department, faculty, or (occasionally) course of study in a college or university.In the United States school is often used to designate either a department devoted to one subject or a grouping of several subject departments. In some universities in the United Kingdom school is used to designate a department teaching a range of subjects traditionally taught separately (see quot. 1964). It is also (originally in the United States) the standard designation for an institution providing postgraduate instruction in a particular subject (as law school, medical school, etc.), which may or may not be linked to a particular university.Revived in the United States in the 18th cent.; perhaps influenced by senses 13, 15.
ΚΠ
1727 Statutes Wm. & Mary Coll. in R. Hofstadter & W. Smith Amer. Higher Educ. (1961) I. i. x. 43 Let there be four schools assigned within the college precincts.
1772 J. Witherspoon Addr. Inhabitants Jamaica in R. Hofstadter & W. Smith Amer. Higher Educ. (1961) I. ii. x. 144 Two at least of the Professors of the justly celebrated Medical School lately founded in Philadelphia.
1835 J. Martin Descr. Virginia 82 The different branches of science and literature..taught [at the University of Virginia] are styled schools.
1871 L. H. Bagg Four Years at Yale 32 Connected with the college are four professional ‘schools’ or ‘departments’, of which..the oldest is the Theological.
1894 Rep. Commissioners Gresham Univ. London p. xix, in Parl. Papers 1893–4 (C. 7259) XXXI. 807 We propose that each of the teaching institutions which complies with the necessary conditions shall be admitted, either as a whole or in certain departments, as a School of the University [of London], that is as a School at which University courses of instruction are to be pursued.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 39/1 The medical school [of Harvard University]..dates from 1782, the law school from 1817, the divinity school..from 1819, and the dental school..from 1867.
1964 A. Briggs in D. Daiches Idea of New University iv. 62 The Schools [of the University of Sussex] were envisaged not as super-departments, to which ‘subjects’ were attached, but as centres of linked studies, some of which would be shared with other Schools.
2008 A. C. Clarke & F. Pohl Last Theorem ii. 13 They found a penetrable service entrance to the school of medicine's faculty lounge.
13.
a. Chiefly with modifying word or phrase. The building or room belonging to a particular department or faculty of a university. Cf. public school n. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings
collegec1405
hallc1405
schoolc1454
schoolsc1557
burse1577
c1454 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 324 (MED) We have..a scole of divinite in bildyng.
1560 J. Jewel Let. in J. Jewel & H. Cole True Copies Lett. sig. G.iv He gaue knowledge to the audience in the diuinitie schole of what matters they would dispute.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 97 Thenc to the Sorbonne... We enter'd into some of the Scholes, and in that of Divinity we found a grave Doctor in his chaire with a multitude of Auditors, who..are Writers after his dictats.
1723 Anc. & Present State Univ. Oxf. 468 On the North side of this Court is placed the Civil Law-School, and under it the Moral Philosophy-School; and adjoining to the said Law-School is the School of Languages.
1780 New Pocket Compan. Oxf. (new ed.) 6 The Room on the North Side of the Chancel, lately repaired in the Style of the rest of the Church, is now the Common Law School.
1873 Students' Handbk. Univ. Oxf. 151 A copy of it must be deposited in the Music School.
1882 Notes & Queries 16 Sept. 239/2 There are besides seven associated libraries, including..the old library of the Modern History School.
1906 Australasian Med. Gaz. 20 Oct. 551/2 The buildings include..an addition to the biology school.
b. In plural with the. Also with capital initial. In certain of the older universities: a building containing rooms used originally for lectures in the various faculties, and later chiefly for the disputations and exercises undertaken to obtain degrees, and for meetings of (part of) the academic body; now historical. Also (Oxford University): the building in which many of the university examinations are held (cf. examination school n. at examination n. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings
collegec1405
hallc1405
schoolc1454
schoolsc1557
burse1577
c1557 in C. Wordsworth Anc. Kal. Oxf. Univ. (1904) 29 All the Determiners dothe sytte in the New Chapel within the Schooles from .i. of the Clocke untyll fyve.
1668 in J. Wallis Corr. (2005) II. 396 For the Reverend Dr Wallis D. D. publique Professor & Custos Archivorum at his House neer the Scholes in Oxford.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 105 On Monday I went againe to the Scholes to heare the severall faculties.
1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 3 Oct. (O.H.S.) I. 292 Forreigners..frequently go to ye Schools to hear Lectures.
1751 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) II. 222 I went to the Schools, where the Convocation was met.
1807 J. Grierson Delineations St. Andrews 209 The Faculty of arts meet every year to chuse their dean, clerk, and quaestor, in the common schools of the New college, as this was originally the seat of the university.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. viii. 131 There is no more characteristic spot in Oxford than the quadrangle of the schools.
1931 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 14 125 Buildings profusely decorated with strap-work,..orders and entablatures, piled one above the other, as in Bodley's Tower in the Schools at Oxford.
1988 D. R. Leader Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 99 When the bedells, questionists, and masters reached the Schools the presiding master took the respondent seat.
1997 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 12 Apr. 3 Even for some who secure the glittering prize of an Oxford degree, they will not be walking down the hallowed steps of the exam schools after their final exam.
14. In plural. With the. In early use frequently with capital initial. The scholastic philosophers and theologians collectively; the schoolmen. Now historical and rare.In later use often difficult to distinguish from sense 12b.In quot. a1631 in singular with plural agreement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > adherent of > collectively
doctora1513
schools1561
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. v. f. 35v The same sayeng of Augustine..is also approued by common consent of the Scholes [L. scholarum].
a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) ii. vi. §5 Many of the Schoole, as Aquinas Fra. Victoria, Sotus, Bannes.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vi. §3. 181 The spirit of Prophecy came upon them per modum impressionis transeuntis, as the Schools speak.
1684 J. Norris Poems & Disc. 20 I now believe the Schools with ease,..That should the sense no torment seize, Yet Pain of Loss alone would make a Hell.
1717 J. Killingbeck 18 Serm. 175 This is what the Schools call Pœna damni; that remordency of Conscience, that extremity of grief, they feel within themselves.
1752 W. Law Spirit of Love (1816) i. 9 The Schools have..shown us how to conceive them as notionally distinguished from one another.
1823 London Mag. Feb. 183 Truth is immutable, as the schools say; so 'tis all one, first or last.
1854 Law Rev. 20 271 We are obliged to practise them in their certainty, a word which signifies, in Latin, particularity, or as the schools say, individuality.
1981 E. Grant Much Ado about Nothing viii. 182 Except for occasional mention of an opinion or attitude of the ‘schools’ or ‘schoolmen’,..nonscholastic authors chose to document and support their..arguments..with ancient Greek authors.
15. Oxford University. Also with capital initial.
a. In plural. The final examinations for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > university examinations
fellowship examination1787
collections1799
responsions1810
response1813
little go1816
great go1820
Previous Examination1824
school1826
smalls1836
senate-house examination1837
tripos1842
honours examination1851
biennial1853
great1854
moderations1857
Mods1858
professional1890
Trip1909
previous1950
1826 J. Hill Diary 24 May (MS Bodl. St. Edmund Hall 67/5) Mr Wilkins was in the schools but was not examined.
1828 J. H. Newman Let. 7 Mar. (1891) I. 180 I am going out of the Schools, and Dornford (I fancy) will supply my place for the ensuing examination.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. viii. 132 The row of victims..‘sitting for the schools’ as it is called.
1882 Society 18 Nov. 11/2 The schools at Oxford are ‘on’ once more, and white ties are again the order of the day.
1925 C. Connolly Let. 14 May in Romantic Friendship (1975) 79 I..don't want to be with any Oxford people when schools results come out.
1955 ‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren (1956) 165 I took Schools at Oxford in May 1950 and got a second in Law.
2005 M. E. Reeves in J. Chance Women Medievalists & Acad. xlv. 648 But Schools did demand fortitude. One was examined on the whole three year's work by about eleven papers.
b. Any of the courses of study in which an honours degree in Arts may be taken. Cf. tripos n. 2d.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of > at college or university
college1700
school1829
honour school1857
honours school1857
honour mods1877
field school1898
1829 Oxf. Lit. Gaz. 20 May 88/1 The ‘viva voce’ examinations in the first school (that for honours) should be heard by the four masters in common.
1873 Students' Handbk. Univ. Oxf. 110 Those who have obtained Honours in the School of Theology.
1874 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 173/1 Candidates for honours may select any one, or more than one of the six schools.
1907 ‘B. Burke’ Barbara goes to Oxf. 43 ‘Greats’, you must know, is a nickname for the school of ‘Literae Humaniores’.
1970 G. Sampson & R. C. Churchill Conc. Cambr. Hist. Eng. Lit. (ed. 3) xiv. 771 Cambridge opened the Triposes to them in 1881, and three years later Oxford allowed women to pass the examinations of certain of its Schools.
2004 I. M. D. Little Ethics, Econ., & Polit. Introd. p. viii Oxford has long had a school known as PPE (philosophy, politics, and economics), but the teaching and exams have not been planned to emphasize the relationship of the subjects to each other.
†IV. Something that is taught.
16.
a. A particular system of teaching; a method or principle taught. Also: a way of behaviour or principle of conduct. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [noun] > particular method
school1340
the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] > system or way of proceeding > considered as branch of study
school1340
method1848
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 61 (MED) Blondere and misziggere byeþ of one scole.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 On twenty manere koude he trippe and daunce After the scole of Oxenford tho.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 125 And frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly After the scole of Stratford at the Bowe.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 16v (MED) A naturale substaunce wt aquosite comon to oþer humours, by oure comon scole seid massa sanguinaria.
c1450 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Bodl. Add.) ii. l. 14 At the wendyng slake The yoke, thyne oxen neckes forto cole: But drawing by the horne is noo goode scole.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2403 So yee aftir my scole Wol do, & as I rede ȝew.
a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. A.iiiv It wold set on a stole And lerned after my scole For to kepe his cut.
a1586 King Hart l. 666 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 276 To wis the richt and to disvse the wrang That is my scule to all yat list to leyr.
b. The body of knowledge taught in a subject; the doctrine or teaching of a master (master n.1 12a). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > [noun]
learningc897
wisdomc950
witnessc950
lore971
clergya1225
wit1297
apprise1303
gramaryec1320
clergisea1330
cunning1340
lering1340
sciencea1387
schoola1393
studya1393
art?a1400
cunningnessa1400
leara1400
sophyc1440
doctrinec1460
mathesisa1475
grammarc1500
doctorship1567
knowledge1576
scholarship1579
virtuosoship1666
erudition1718
eruditenessa1834
Wissenschaft1834
savantism1855
scholarment1896
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1630 (MED) Ther mai a man the Scole liere Of Rethoriqes eloquences.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3 As thou hast preid above That I the Scole schal declare Of Aristotle.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 3274 His scole he [sc. a lover] lesith if he be a clerk.
c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) l. 86 Teche me þe scolys of yowr dyvynyte.
a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 2 A man, that lovyth fyscheng and fowlyng bothe, ofte tyme that game schall hym be lothe, of that crafte all thoghe he can the scole, yn the see, in rever, in ponde, or yn pole.
1572 J. Sadler in tr. Vegetius Foure Bks. Martiall Policye i. Prol. sig. *.ivv Those thinges whiche beinge scattered and darckelye written by diuers Historiographers, & such as teache the schole of armes, hidde and vnknowen, maye of mee be set forth openlye.
c. Schooling; discipline. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [noun]
lore971
wissingc1000
wordloreOE
teachingc1175
kenningc1320
lering1377
learningc1380
disciplinea1382
doctrinec1384
ensignment1398
instruction?a1439
schoolc1449
schoolingc1449
document?a1500
instructing1516
entechmenta1522
institution1531
teachment1562
repasting1567
tuition1582
lessoning1583
tutoring1590
loring1596
tutorage1638
indoctrination1646
principling1649
tutorya1713
tutorhood1752
didactic1754
documenting1801
pupillizing1815
tutorizing1837
tutorization1842
tutelagea1856
coachmanship1873
preception1882
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 328 Certis the freelnes of the wil is to be kutt awei and to be leid aside with greet bateil, greet scole, and greet craft.
†V. Senses deriving from school v.1
17. A cross-country ride. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion > in the open air to exercise horse
freshener1838
school1892
1892 Field 9 Apr. 512/2 Then began a cheery ‘school’ over some scrubby hills.

Phrases

P1.
a. to keep (also †hold) (†a) school: to run a school; also figurative. Now chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (intransitive)] > teach in school
to keep (also hold) (a) schoola1393
to teach school1590
schoolmaster1818
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 71 (MED) Þanne he come aȝen into Fraunce and hilde open scole [L. publicas scholas tenuit].]
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3373 For whanne I schal myn yhen close, Anon min herte he [sc. love] wole oppose And holde his Scole in such a wise, Til it be day that I arise.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 21105 (MED) I lernede my konnyng off Sathan, Wych halt hys scole nat hennys ffer.
1487 W. Caxton tr. J. Legrand Bk. Good Maners i. xvii. sig. diii He became so po[re] that for to gete his lyuyng, he taught the lesson and helde sc[ole] to smale chyldren of Corinthye.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Ludum aperire, to beginne to keepe a schoole.
1604 Act 1 Jas. I c. 4 §8 No person shall keepe any schoole..except it be in some publike or free Grammer Schoole, [etc.].
1699 J. Dunton Dublin Scuffle 333 They have also another Law, That no Papist shall keep a School.
1749 S. Fielding Governess i. 10 The most severe Punishment she had ever inflicted on any Misses, since she had kept a school, was now laid on these wicked Girls.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1712 I. 12 He was first taught to read English by Dame Oliver, a widow, who kept a school for young children in Lichfield.
1828–30 W. Godwin in C. K. Paul Life (1876) II. 304 [Eugene Aram] keeps school at Netherdale.
1883 Harper's Mag. July 226/1 By keeping school..she strove to provide for her..family.
1927 L. Saxon Father Mississippi iv. 31 Aunt Julia had charge of the children of the field laborers, and kept ‘school’ in her cabin while the parents were at work.
2001 L. Ulrich Age of Homespun v. 184 Like most future clerics, he spent his first years after college keeping school.
†b. to hold (also keep) schools: to engage in academic disputation or discussion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)]
to hold (also keep) schoolsc1475
debate1530
wrangle?1570
forensicate1858
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 230 Docter Ive kepte the scolys at Poulys þat ys undyr the chapter house, and there he radde many fulle nobylle lessonnys to preve that Cryste was lorde.
a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) l. 329 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 92 In fayr langage,..Which ye and mo holde scolys of dulye [a1475 Harl. daily].
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance i. viii. f. lviiv We wyl in thys mater kepe no longe scholes.
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. iii. 345 Wherefore doo your Doctours keepe sutche hote Schooles emongst them selues.
P2. degree of (also in) school (also schools): a university degree. Also †gree of school (obsolete). Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree
degreec1380
degree of (also in) school (also schools)c1449
greec1449
letters1741
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 90 (MED) Y wolde grees of scolis to be take and not to be left.
1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §18. m. 8 After the degrees in scoles singulerly of the seide scolers.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 428 So prestis wiþ-oute degre of scole may profite more þan don þes maystris.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Ff8v Though it be no Vniuersitie to yeeld degrees of Schoole to the students.
1638 R. Montagu Articles Diocese of Norwich sig. A4 Of what degree in schools is he?
1737 T. Collins Rubrick Church of Eng. 12 Except he be either of one of the Universities of the Realm; and has taken some Degree of School in either of the said Universities.
1840 H. G. Dugdale Life E. Geste 43 The..degrees of school, universities, orders, and dates of their respective consecration and confirmation.
1875 Literary World 26 Nov. 340/2 In 1616..ordering..that all who should take any degree in schools should subscribe to the three articles in the thirty-sixth canon.
1907 H. N. Birt Elizabethan Relig. Settlem. 290 He admitted that he had taken no degrees in Schools.
†P3. man of school: an academic; = schoolman n. 4. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > educated in the schools
scholarOE
man of schoola1450
a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 43 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 74 Shal no maistir ne no man of scole Be vexid wiþ þy maters.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 428 & þus men of scole trauelen veynly for to gete newe sutiltees.
P4. figurative.
a. to go to school (to, (also with)): to submit to be taught (by); to learn (from). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [verb (transitive)] > be pupil of
to go to school (to, (also with))a1450
to sit at the feet of1578
to sit under ——1631
to be up to1874
a1450 (?c1405) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 27 Lerne to dye, and go to skole, Siþ þou fro deþ may not fle.
a1500 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Stowe) l. 16990 Tyl I hadde gone to Scole with Trybulacion.
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §15. 30 What reason may not goe to Schoole to the wisedome of Bees, Aunts, and Spiders? View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §3 These were so fully known to him..that he needed not to go to School to the wide world.
1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais iv. xlvi You must e'en go to School yet, you are no Conjurer, for ought I see.
1791 J. Priestley Lett. to Edmund Burke iii. 20 It is too late for us to go to school again, and relearn the first elements of political science.
1844 J. C. Neal Peter Ploddy 176 Many men might go to school to the shad; and indeed, if our piscatory learning be not at fault, the shad do assemble in schools.
1870 J. G. Austin Shadow of Moloch Mountain ii. 7 But one cannot expect human nature to go to school to the brooks.
1959 Listener 3 Dec. 1005/1 Even those who cannot accept it entirely must assuredly go to school with him.
b. to put (also †set) to school: to subject to teaching, instruction, or a process of enlightenment; (in early use frequently) to presume to correct (one's superior) (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes xxii. sig. Aviiiv Why sonne..thinkst thou me such a foole? That my chylde shal set his mother to schoole?
1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 335 Wee must giue these good fellowes leave (after their woonted manner) to set the Holy Ghost to schoole.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 234 Weele set thee to schoole to an Ant, to teach thee ther's no labouring in the winter. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 104 The Calf, by Nature and by Genius made To turn the Glebe, breed to the Rural Trade. Set him betimes to School. View more context for this quotation
1743 A. Hill Fanciad v. 42 To new Masters, put their Faith to School.
1775 J. Trumbull MʽFingal 1 When Yankies, skill'd in martial rule, First put the British troops to school.
1828 Q. Rev. Sept. 80 If wealthy..England were to ‘put herself to school’ to relearn the mendicant system of maintaining her poor..her prosperity would from that moment begin to decline.
1883 M. Pattison Milton's Sonnets 46 Milton had put his poetical genius to school to the Italians, Dante, Petrarch, and the rest.
1913 D. G. Phillips Degarmo's Wife & Other Stories 41 How differently she would feel and talk once he had put her to school in the ‘great world’ where such vulgarities as ambition and work were ranked in their proper place.
2010 P. W. Orelus Agony of Masculinity i. 35 She was an independent woman who put us to school with her sweat and hard work.
†c. to hold at school: to keep under one's patronage; to have under one's control. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 21 Rome held now the most part of the Churches of Europe at Schoole.
P5. to teach school: to teach in a school; to work as a schoolteacher. Now chiefly U.S. and Irish English.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (intransitive)] > teach in school
to keep (also hold) (a) schoola1393
to teach school1590
schoolmaster1818
1590 C. Ockland in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 74 I teach schole at Grenewych.
1641 Articles to be enquired of within Diocese of Lincoln sig. A4v Doth any in your Parish openly or privately take upon him to teach School without licence of the Ordinary?
1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 169 The business of teaching School..leaves but little time for Study.
1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 289 They taught school, and tippled on the week-days.
1891 J. F. Kirk Suppl. to Allibone's Dict. Eng. Lit. at Emerson He taught school for three years.
1915 T. S. Eliot Let. 16 Aug. (1988) I. 112 I have seen Professor Palmer, and also Professor Perry, who thinks that the difficulties of preparation while teaching school would be very great.
1952 M. Steen Phoenix Rising vi. 134 Dey say she gone to Harlem... Useta teach school.
2004 T. Tuohy in M. Hickey Irish Days 252 She taught school in her time. A learned lady.
P6. figurative. to tell tales out of (†the) school and variants: to repeat private or secret matters; to gossip indiscreetly. Cf. to tell tales at tale n. 3c.Occasionally in literal use, with reference to a schoolchild.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > disclose or reveal secrets > disclose damaging secrets
to tell tales out of (the) school1556
1556 J. Heywood Prov. (rev. ed.) i. x. sig. Biii To tell tales out of schole, that is hir great lust.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 6v I shoulde tell tales out of the schoole, and bee Ferruled for my fault, or hyssed at for a blab, yf I layde all the orders open before your eyes.
1630 J. Mead Let. 6 Mar. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1848) (modernized text) II. 65 We have some news at Cambridge, but it is too long to relate; besides, I must not tell tales forth of school.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. iv. §10. 70 I am very prone to think that the ground of the great pique in some of the Greek writers against Herodotus, was, that he told too many tales out of School, and had discovered too much of the Infancy of Greece.
1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 221 Which book, were it extant..would tell tales out of the school.
1691 J. Norris Refl. upon Conduct Human Life (ed. 2) Ep. Ded. sig. A6v 'Tis well if I do not..make them Angry with me for telling out of School.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxvi. 347 I was taught early not to tell Tales out of School.
1785 Mem. & Adventures Flea I. iv. 99 Pox of your virtue, Bessy!—what, you tell tales out of school, do you?
1830 C. M. Sedgwick Clarence II. ix. 150 ‘Never tell tales out of school, dearie,’ rejoined Miss Patty, patting the boy's cheek.
1887 T. A. Trollope What I Remember II. vi. 102 A very handsome..supper, at which, to tell tales out of school,..the guests used to behave abominably.
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 31 Possessing a slight failing in the shape of ‘telling tales out of school’ as the saying is.
1921 Texas State Jrnl. Med. Nov. 333 Perhaps it will not be telling tales out of school to say that plans are on foot looking to an itinerary most attractive indeed.
1965 C. Bukowski Let. 12 Apr. in Screams from Balcony (1998) 144 Sheri M...gets pissed whenever she believes I mention her in a poem. She says I talk out of school or something like that.
1990 R. Pilcher September xvii. 210 I'm not telling tales out of school. She particularly asked me to let you know.
P7. Art. school of: designating a painting or other work of art by an unknown artist trained by a particular master or working in his studio. Also more generally: designating a work of art in the style of a particular artist. Also in extended use, of literature and other art forms.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [adjective] > produced by pupils of specific master
school of1722
school1903
1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 28 A Drawing in a Frame and Glass..'tis of a very good Taste, and seems to be of the School of Raffaele.
1787 T. Martyn App. to Gentleman's Guide through Italy 71 Descent of the Holy Ghost, of the School of Michelangelo.
1809 tr. Chevalier de Bourgoanne Trav. in Spain in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. V. 542 Toledo owes also to one of its prelates..its very handsome foundling hospital, the church of which contains six great paintings of the school of Rubens.
1880 J. P. Richter & J. C. L. Sparkes Catal. Pictures in Dulwich Coll. Gallery 127 No. 282. (School of Rembrandt.) Portrait of a Young Man... Painted by an inferior scholar or imitator of Rembrandt.
1921 R. Garland Importance of being Roughneck in Vagabond Plays 169 There are..several really interesting paintings in the school of Matisse.
1958 Spectator 15 Aug. 219/2 An American school-of-Chayevsky drama about a jailbird's wife.
1976 D. Francis In Frame ix. 135 Although they were original oil paintings, they were basically second rate. The sort sold as ‘school of’ because the artists hadn't bothered to sign them.
2004 D. Dickinson Death of Old Master xiii. 136 Piper asked him if he would attribute it to the school of Leonardo. That would make it worth quite a lot. Not as much as a real Leonardo, of course.
P8.
a. school of opinion: = school of thought at Phrases 8b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun]
heresyc1384
school?a1425
sect1608
school of opinion1796
school of thought1829
1796 Monthly Rev. Sept. 96 There may be attached to the very nature of some schools of opinion a peculiar character which may operate on all who imbibe their doctrines.
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) v. 173/1 There are various schools of opinion allowed in the Church: and on this point I follow others.
1902 Dial 1 Feb. 77/2 The public library cannot lend itself to the propaganda of any particular school of opinion.
1995 Iowa Rev. 25 163 There is a very strong school of opinion which says that value-judgement has no place at all in literary criticism.
b. school of thought: a particular belief or way of thinking; (esp. in earlier use) a group of people identified by this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun]
heresyc1384
school?a1425
sect1608
school of opinion1796
school of thought1829
1829 H. J. Rose State of Protestantism in Germany (ed. 2) vi. 238 (note) Dinter's school of thought, whatever may be his words, is however tolerably strict.
1873 Illustr. London News 26 July 70/2 It will not be necessary to utter a single word that need occasion offence to either of those ‘schools of thought’ into which The Church of England is divided.
1919 M. K. Bradby Psycho-anal. 223 It is..a point of view derived from the leaders of their own school of thought.
1940 Manch. Guardian Weekly 5 Apr. 270 With two schools of thought existing in France on the subject of Russia, Molotoff's speech,..has produced two different sets of reactions.
2007 Atlantic Monthly Nov. 84/1 American political realism—the school of thought that places national self-interest above idealistic schemes for social reform.
P9. colloquial (originally U.S.). the school of (the) hard knocks: the experience of a life of hardship regarded as a means of instruction.
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1870 Men who Advertise 161 Trained, however, in the school of hard knocks, he now had learned the theory of success.
1912 G. Ade Knocking Neighbors 24 They had been brought up in the School of Hard Knocks.
1953 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Sept. 10/6 He has been through the school of hard knocks, and battled his way up with his fists to the top of fistiana.
1998 ‘Jay-Z’ et al. Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem) (song, perf. ‘Jay-Z’) in Hip-hop & Rap (2003) 153 I'm from the school of the hard knocks; we must not Let outsiders violate our blocks.
2001 Independent 12 July i. 5/2 It helped their bond that Judy graduated with honours from the only form of tertiary education many of them had received—the school of hard knocks.
P10.
School of the Air n. a school or system of teaching that uses radio or (now usually) the internet to broadcast educational programmes; spec. (in later use) that used in Australia to teach children living in remote areas.
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1924 Chicago Tribune 28 Jan. 10/2 Talks... 6-7—WDAF..Kansas City. School of the Air.
1929 N.Y. Times 21 July viii. 9/7 Many schools awaited word that ‘the School of the Air’ was to be permanent before installing radio receiving equipment.
1950 Centralian Advocate (Alice Springs) 8 Sept. 1/1 It has been learned that the scheme envisages a broadcast direct from Alice Springs in the form of a ‘School of the Air’ catering for a normal curriculum.
1963 A. Lubbock Austral. Roundabout 28 Other subjects taught in the School of the Air include reading, spelling, [etc.].
2011 Australian (Nexis) 25 Feb. 14 A great deal was made of the benefits for the School of the Air in the outback and the potential for telemedicine.

Compounds

C1. In sense 5.
a. General attributive.
school atlas n.
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1791 (title) A school atlas upon a new and improved plan.
1815 J. A. Cummings (title) A school atlas, accompanying ancient and modern geography.
1916 Geogr. Rev. 1 380 Mercator's projection should be excluded from the body of a school atlas.
2009 Canberra Times (Nexis) 21 Nov. Binh navigated the final 16-day crossing from Timor with the guidance of a page torn from a school atlas.
school badge n.
ΚΠ
1869 Scotsman 2 Apr. 7 Their neat cricket uniform, with the school badge on the breast.
1930 Africa 3 55 The choice of native symbols for a school badge.
2011 A. B. Taylor Bellfield Runners 17 Everywhere I looked there seemed to be boys wearing the school uniform, blazers with the school badge.
school bag n.
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1831 E. L. Hazelius tr. J. H. Jung-Stilling Life ii. 63 Early, every morning, Henry took his school bag [Ger. Schulsack]..and started for Florenburg.
1913 P. Geddes Masque of Anc. Learning 3 Boy enters, swinging his school-bag.
1993 R. Doyle Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha (1994) 186 I could hear my books and copies shaking in my school bag, a noise like galloping horse feet.
school band n.
ΚΠ
1845 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. No. 7. 385 The Captains of Divisions, preceeded [sic] by the School band, were marched from the Schools to the Hospital by the drill sergeants.
1949 L. Feather Inside Be-bop ii. 11 He played baritone horn in the school band.
2005 Toronto Star (Nexis) 12 Jan. e8 Ward is also a school prefect, plays clarinet in the school band and has a 90 per cent academic average.
school blackboard n.
ΚΠ
1860 Mass. Teacher & Jrnl. Home & School Educ. Aug. 299 The paint of a school blackboard will endure much longer if covered with a coat of copal-varnish.
1938 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 293/1 That familiar and somewhat formidable landmark in everybody's education—the school blackboard.
2011 Independent (Nexis) 24 May (Extra section) 20 ‘Out of this wood do not desire to go,’ writes one young boy on the school blackboard.
school break n.
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1925 Jrnl. State Med. 33 225 In Scotland the only school break of sufficient length to affect the situation is the mid-summer holiday.
1956 Times 4 Sept. 10/7 Next day during the school break Will presented me with the coveted certificate.
1995 N. Gordimer Writing & Being 32 During the school break he went into one of the toilets and closed the door.
2006 Vermont Life Autumn 65 The dairy year, just like the dairy day, isn't built around school breaks or holidays.
school breakfast n.
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1834 Morning Chron. 18 Aug. 3/3 Miss Anna partook of the school breakfast.
1949 Rotarian Apr. 42/3 Half of the money will be used for the construction of schools, 35 percent will be given to the House of Benefit, and the remainder will provide school breakfasts for poor children.
2010 L. Mancino et al. How Food away from Home affects Children's Diet Quality Introd. 4 Nearly all children who eat school breakfast also eat school lunch.
school bulletin n.
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1874 Amer. Educ. Monthly Oct. 478 The School Bulletin is the name of a new educational monthly newspaper published at Albany, N.Y. It is to make educational news a speciality.
1882 Amer. Architect & Building News 6 May 206/2 According to M. Hénard's figures, gathered from the files of the school bulletins.
1970 Scouting Nov. 28/1 Let these fellows know where and when nearby units meet, via unit posters and church and school bulletins.
2010 Hendricks County Flyer (Avon, Indiana) (Nexis) 24 Nov. School officials announced Alysha's win at school and posted it in the school bulletin.
school bulletin board n.
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1878 Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb 23 138 The first idea the class and teachers in the Central New York Institution have that there is to be an examination is a notice on the school bulletin-board.
1929 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 13 400 Our school bulletin board bore the following aviso.
2011 Tri-City Herald (Washington) (Nexis) 21 July The new policy will allow all of these clubs to make announcements on school bulletin boards.
school calendar n.
ΚΠ
1831 Q. Jrnl. Educ. 1 85 A respectable priest is attached to each school, whose duty it is also to officiate on all those days set apart for devotion by the School Calendar.
1927 Elem. School Jrnl. 28 134 The vacation preferences of parents and school officers have long combined to make the school calendar a perennial difficulty.
2000 N.Y. Times 18 May a1/2 The superintendent..decided to front load the school calendar so classes would end a few weeks early, the first week of May.
school concert n.
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1849 Liverpool Mercury 15 May 4/5 A brilliant school-concert.
1915 A. S. Neill Dominie's Log xvii. 196 I shall try to raise funds by giving a school concert.
2011 Newcastle (Austral.) Herald (Nexis) 27 Oct. 44 Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice wrote their first musical version of the Bible story..for a school concert.
school cook n.
ΚΠ
1852 Missionary Reg. Jan. 43/1 The School Cook..also saw her.
1975 Jrnl. Sex Res. 11 234 Among the mothers, several were housewives, one was a cashier, and one was a school cook.
2011 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. (Nexis) 15 Oct. 3 a Years ago my mom was a school cook, and they had to prepare everything from scratch including the rolls and hamburger buns.
school curriculum n.
ΚΠ
1825 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Oct. 416/2 But what is the study which the school curriculum has ready for them at this very important crisis?
1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. i. 156 He taught Geography and English History and English Literature, so far as the school curriculum allowed him.
2010 Guardian 4 June 33/3 Ferguson's argument..is that history has been banalised and marginalised in the school curriculum.
school dance n.
ΚΠ
1823 London Mag. May 525 The school-dance too! How full of mirth!
1960 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 37 351 They never go to a school dance, or a basketball game.
2004 M. Beckerman Generation S.L.U.T. 28 Students at Palo Alto High are about to learn that ‘freaking’—a popular way of dancing that simulates sex—will get them kicked out of school dances.
school desk n.
ΚΠ
1723 Counterfeit Detected 16 Send him back to his Grammar Bridwell, to beat Latin at the School Desk as Whores beat Hemp at the House of Correction Block.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iii. 74 A little enclosure, made by school-desks and forms.
1913 F. B. Dresslar School Hygiene v. 82 The average school desk..subjects the pupil to a posture that fosters spinal curvature, cramped chest, and defective vision.
2004 Muslim Weekly 11 June 14/1 ‘I was here’ shouts the tag from the graffiti-ed wall, the school desk, the toilet door.
school disco n.
ΚΠ
1978 R. Deem Women & Schooling ii. 38 Some girls aren't allowed to go to school discos even when they finish at seven o'clock.
2002 D. Mailman in L. Purcell Black Chicks Talking 13 I remember a school disco and I was..swayin' there with that fella.
school education n.
ΚΠ
1597 N. Ling Politeuphuia: Wits Common Wealth f. 56 Euery good beginning cometh by nature, but the progresse by Schoole education.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. Pref. Those Exercises, which in the breeding of Youth, commonly succede to their School Education.
1731 J. Creichton Mem. 10 Having lost the Benefit of a thorough School-Education..the Reader cannot reasonably expect to be much pleased with my Style.
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. ii. xiv. 463 The earnings of..any labour which requires school education, are at a monopoly rate.
2003 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 22 Aug. Our objective is to exchange views on different issues relating to school education in the country in general and West Bengal in particular.
school enrolment n.
ΚΠ
1866 App. to Jrnl. of Senate & Assembly (California Legislature) II. 31 California, with a school enrolment of only fifty thousand, expended..two hundred and fifty-eight thousand dollars.
1967 Social & Econ. Stud. 16 121 (heading) Maximizing rates of school enrolment.
2002 Economist 6 July 25/2 Gauging a country's performance by its record in life expectancy, school enrolment and adult literacy as well as by its income per head.
school exam n.
ΚΠ
1876 W. C. M. Baker Labor-saving Syst. of Accts. 166 (table) Printing for School Exam.
1956 Soviet Stud. 7 469 After the school exams at the end of this first year, the children did factory practice for a month.
2011 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 30 Oct. 37 Students have been warned to shut off social networking sites during school exams or face dire results.
school examination n.
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1805 Caledonian Mercury 8 July 1/4 (heading) School examination... On Friday last, the Pupils of these Gentlemen were examined in Corri's Rooms.
1899 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 9 Jan. 9/2 School examinations may be advantageous or detrimental.
1968 G. Daws Shoal of Time iii. 90 The quarterly hoikes, or school examinations, were approached so enthusiastically that all work would come to a halt for a week or ten days.
2011 Sunday Herald (Nexis) 7 Aug. 4 Scottish pupils who underperform in school examinations simply because they had a bad day.
school examiner n.
ΚΠ
1828 Western Intelligencer (Hudson, Ohio) 27 Dec. 1/2 A school examiner, needs to be a man of unyielding integrity.
1929 Irish Monthly 57 246 An extern examiner..could discuss the merits of any particular candidate with the ordinary school-examiner.
2010 N. Devon Jrnl. (Nexis) 2 Dec. 22 I was chatting to a school examiner, and she told me she was marking a question, ‘How do you keep milk fresh?’ and one child had answered, ‘Keep it in the udder’.
school field trip n.
ΚΠ
1930 Nation's Schools Dec. 90/1 I hereby give permission to..Pupil..to go on a school field trip to..Place.
2011 San Jose (Calif.) Mercury (Nexis) 8 Oct. Docents needed to help children learn about farm animals and plants during school field trips to the farm.
school food n.
ΚΠ
1847 Morning Post 22 Feb. 2/6 The one meal of school food.
1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Apr. 909/2 He was a member of the council of the Medical Officers of Schools Association, and wrote a paper on school food.
2006 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Sept. 20/1 There is unanimous agreement that better school food correlates to higher test scores.
school friendship n.
ΚΠ
1756 Life & Mem. E. T. Bates 52 A Token of School-friendship, and a poor Reward, says he, for your Services.
1868 T. Wright Johnny Robinson viii. 233 The severing of school friendships is lightly regarded at the time.
1911 P. Monroe Cycl. Educ. I. 106/2 In England school traditions and school friendships are maintained and fostered by Old Boys' Associations.
1992 What Lesbian looks Like iii. 37 I formed my first real school friendship with a very gregarious, vivacious girl.
school game n.
ΚΠ
1808 Examiner 3 July 15/2 Queens and Bishops appeared diverting themselves with the school game of Hop, Step, and Jump.
1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 71 (heading) Cobbin-match A school game in which two boys are held by the legs and arms and bumped against a tree, he who holds out the longest being the victor.
1976 S. Hynes Auden Generation ii. 51 In the war, young men..were faced with a real challenge which was yet like a school game.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 1 Dec. 8 The Tories have come in and championed school games and interschool competition.
school inspection n.
ΚΠ
1839 London Sat. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 174/1 He gives the results of a tour of school inspection in Prussia, made in the autumn of 1838.
1919 School Rev. 27 727 The chapters deal with such topics as the educational machinery of England,..school inspection, and problems for research.
2002 Cathedral Music Oct. 49/1 It is well known that the very idea of a school inspection makes many teachers anxious.
school janitor n.
ΚΠ
1855 Ripley (Ohio) Bee 15 Sept. 2/7 (advt.) School Janitor. The Board of the Ripley Union School will meet at my office..for the purpose of appointing a Janitor for the Schools.
1973 E. E. Aldrin & W. Warga Return to Earth iv. 100 I pooled our resources and bribed the school janitor to..buy us a bottle of..hootch.
2008 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 14 Oct. 7 The family of a much-loved school janitor has ensured his memory will live on after donating money for a bench at his school.
school lesson n.
ΚΠ
c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies i. vii, in Anglia (1885) 8 139 (MED) Let vs see þat firste scole lessun of oure lorde..and þat firste techynge of the gospellys lore.
1600 W. Vaughan Golden-groue ii. xx. sig. P2v Teach these virgins their schoole-lessons.
1834 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 979 The lists of School-lessons.
1912 Y. Makino When I was Child xiii. 134 I absented from the school lessons—sometimes three days in a week.
2005 T. Umrigar Space between Us (2007) xxiii. 288 At this rate you will have to supervise her school lessons and go meet with her teachers during her parent-teacher meetings.
school librarian n.
ΚΠ
1823 Times 2 Jan. 1/3 (advt.) For particulars apply to Mr. Souter, school librarian, St. Paul's churchyard.
1915 Libr. Jrnl. 40 352/1 The school librarian..understands the school in its own pedagogical terms.
2001 Eng. Jrnl. 90 111/1 With the aid of our school librarian..I began to compile a list of young adult literature that seemed to fit our district criteria.
school life n.
ΚΠ
1721 M. Cave Let. 27 Nov. in M. M. Verney Verney Lett. of Eighteenth Cent. (1930) II. xxiii. 71 The apprehension of Tommy's weak Constitution I find very grevious, inferring that he is unable to undergo a School Life.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. viii. 406 The care with which he has watched over every step in your school lives.
1910 H. H. Richardson Getting of Wisdom vii. 65 Her first week of school life had been one unbroken succession of snubs and reprimands.
2004 S. Maconie Cider with Roadies iii. 29 The eleven-plus hung over our youthful, tousled heads for much of our school lives.
school locker n.
ΚΠ
1870 E. M. Norris Theodora xvii. 126 Starting up from the school locker where she had been seated, she rushed from the room.
1975 R. Davies World of Wonders (1977) i. ii. 16 A little gubbins he had made as a boy, to catch and mark another boy who was pinching things from his school locker.
2007 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 3 June 25/1 Skateboarders and club ravers adorned their clothes, backpacks, notebooks and school lockers with band stickers galore.
school lunch n.
ΚΠ
1854 ‘F. Fern’ Fern Leaves 2nd Ser. 130 She always put them up a little school lunch herself.
1920 Education 40 614 Through school lunches..the teacher is offered excellent opportunity to train the children in good table manners!
2004 Tulsa World (Nexis) 16 Nov. a10 Students whose family incomes were too high to qualify for free or reduced-rate school lunches.
school lunchbox n.
ΚΠ
1896 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 26 Mar. 5/2 Better than candy and even better than too much meat for your school lunch box..is a handful of peanuts every day.
1963 Sci. News-Let. 2 Nov. 279/2 If the mother who worries about what to put in her children's school lunchbox thinks she has a problem, she should try making up food packets for the astronauts.
2010 D. Kennedy Love is Dis. v. 53 Rosie spared the best from her school lunchbox for him, which she took from her little leather school bag.
school mag n.
ΚΠ
1824 Cottagers' Monthly Visitor 4 Index 573/2 Prudential maxims, from the ‘National School Mag.’
1904 Windsor Mag. 20 117/1 The Sixth wear their collars so high that they look right over the top of school affairs... That's what's wrong with the School Mag.
2009 Times (Nexis) 3 Jan. 19 My husband, who is very much alive and kicking, had his obit published in his school mag.
school magazine n.
ΚΠ
1808 Monthly Mag. Sept. 154/1 It is in contemplation to revive the publication of that very useful work, the Monthly Preceptor, under the title of the School Magazine.
1939 C. Isherwood Goodbye to Berlin 311 The newspapers are becoming more and more like copies of a school magazine.
1991 S. Fry Liar (1992) xiii. 362 Got slung out for..circulating filthy drivel in a school magazine.
school meal n.
ΚΠ
1840 E. Copley Early Friendships 23 It is, or was formerly, a common rule for school meals to be eaten in silence.
1938 Rep. School Med. Officer (London County Council) 47 Considerable attention has of late been directed to the method of giving school meals to necessitous school children.
2008 Ecologist July 8/3 The growing movement towards healthy, sustainable school meals.
school meeting n.
ΚΠ
1786 R. Ashe Poet. Transl. from Var. Authors 79 (note) Some few sentences were interwoven that seemed applicable to the School-Meeting.
1866 Jrnl. Educ. Upper Canada Feb. 21/2 Every person elected a trustee..shall make the following declaration of office, before the chairman of the school-meeting.
1954 Clearing House 28 497/2 I have seen a manager of an industry..arrive at a school meeting with 20 employees and ‘elect’ himself to the board of education!
2011 El Paso (Texas) Times (Nexis) 15 Oct. We had heard this change might come, but I didn't expect it without a school meeting.
school motto n.
ΚΠ
1816 Man. Syst. for teaching Reading, Writing, Arithm., & Needle-work (Brit. & Foreign School Soc.) 52 Always keep the school-motto in mind—‘a place for everything,—and everything in its place’.
1956 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 27 288 The school motto, ‘Culture for Service’.
2011 Observer (Nexis) 23 Oct. 8 ‘Life is dangerous’ isn't a school motto that would bring today's risk-averse parents flocking to enrol their children.
school musical n.
ΚΠ
1937 F. E. Bolton et al. Beginning Superintendent iii. 57 The football rally, the school musical, etc., at which the superintendent should, of course, be present.
2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 Nov. 17 The arts are important and the school musical is an annual highlight.
school newsletter n.
ΚΠ
1940 Manch. Guardian 2 Apr. 8 The next issue of the official school newsletter will be given a jubilee aspect.
2007 Reading Teacher 60 492/2 The promise that we would announce their generosity in the school newsletter.
school newspaper n.
ΚΠ
1814 Belfast Monthly Mag. Apr. 301/1 The Academical Gazette, a School Newspaper.
1931 Elem. School Jrnl. 31 779 The school newspaper has long been considered an important extra-curriculum activity in the high school.
2001 J. Coe Rotters' Club (2002) 60 Their shorter-term ambitions: getting an article published in the school newspaper,..or starting..the band they had been talking about.
school nurse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > other types
man-nurse1530
probationer nurse1584
parish nurse1716
day nurse1759
school nurse1836
Gamp1846
hospital nurse1848
pupil nurse1861
male nurse1874
district nurse1883
relief nurse1884
casualty nurse1885
bayman1888
maid nurse1895
charge-nurse1896
ward nurse1899
health visitor1901
practice nurse1912
community nurse1922
scrub nurse1927
theatre nurse1934
para-nurse1942
nurse practitioner1967
rehab nurse1977
1836 J. Baillie Enthusiasm iii. i, in Dramas III. 406 I little thought, after serving you almost twenty years as dry-nurse, school-nurse, and own maid, to be but the attendant of a plain gentlewoman at last.
1912 Q. Rev. July 57 Enormous improvements..have been effected in the environment of the nation since that time... They include..the appointment of..district and school nurses.
1991 J. Phillips You'll never eat Lunch in this Town Again 51 Vomiting poolside is clearly a symptom of something, so I am hauled off to the school nurse.
school orchestra n.
ΚΠ
1882 Carthusian Mar. 129/2 He regularly played in the school orchestra.
1933 Musical Times 74 1110/1 The need for music adapted to the requirements of a school orchestra has long been felt.
2000 J. Pemberton Forever & Ever Amen xi. 75 When Mr Boyle chose James and Carl for the school orchestra she said they could do what they flipping well liked as she'd given up caring.
school outing n.
ΚΠ
1869 Western Mail (Cardiff) 24 July 8/4 School Outing.—On Thursday, the teachers, scholars, and friends connected with the Victorian-road Independent Sunday School, had their annual outing in the country.
1952 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 36 132 A school outing in the woods.
2002 H. Jacobson Who's Sorry Now? (2003) i. i. 6 If you don't come out of there in the next seven and a half hours,..you will miss the school outing to Feelgood Hall.
school party n.
ΚΠ
1803 T. Lawrence Let. 28 Jan. in D. E. William Life & Corr. Sir T. Lawrence (1831) I. 231 We all sat down like a Rugby school party, but rather more vociferous.
1911 Bull. N.Y. Bot. Garden 16 Mar. 285 This provision for instruction was taken advantage of by large numbers of visitors, including many school parties.
1992 Holiday Which? Sept. 164/3 School parties sit around sketching the lounging brawny figures of Day and Night and Dawn and Dusk.
school play n.
ΚΠ
1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. xvi. 387 I believe, the frequency of these school-plays suggested to Shakespeare the names of Seneca and Plautus as dramatic authors.
1870 Eclectic Mag. Dec. 713/2 A very bright account, in her most glowing effusive vein, of a school-play, and of the girls who acted it.
1934 Boys' Life May 17/2 And now the big event that loomed ahead of him was the school play. His father was coming to see him act.
2005 N. Laird Utterly Monkey 210 Danny hadn't been so frequently referred to as ‘Sir’ since he'd played Lord Windermere in their school play.
school poem n.
ΚΠ
1829 J. Chambers Gen. Hist. Norfolk II. 797 The judge, whom he addressed in a Latin school poem, tried him for an imputed robbery.
1933 R. Tuve Seasons & Months iii. 75 Cuculus, above all Philomela (familiar as the subject of various ‘school-poems’).
2000 S. King On Writing 51 Some lamebrain's efforts to write a school poem.
school policy n.
ΚΠ
1753 World 31 May 133 Let those patriots then, who have condescended to copy one institution of school-policy, adopt the whole plan.
1860 Harper's Mag Mar. 554/1 Great harm is done in many cases by sudden and groundless changes of school policy.
1905 School Rev. 13 477 A demoralizing succession of bitter personal controversies over school policy.
2011 Valley Morning Star (Harlingen, Texas) (Nexis) 1 Nov. His hair style was in violation of school policy.
school prank n.
ΚΠ
1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 48 Playing school pranks with his companions.
1888 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Aug. 129/2 He was the lion of the group..entertaining us with accounts of school pranks and frolics, of which he was always the hero.
2009 Wilson (N. Carolina) Daily Times (Nexis) 12 Sept. The Fike class of '62..engineered one of the best end-of-year school pranks in history.
school prize n.
ΚΠ
1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond II. xxiii. 124 Tommy..won all the school-prizes, and brought them home in triumph.
1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet xi. 206 Its conversation..was entertaining and instructive—like school prizes are said to be.
1990 J. Halperin Novelists in their Youth iii. 114 Wherever he lived, his precious store of books and the few school prizes he had been able to keep went with him.
school prom n.
ΚΠ
1923 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 11 May 3 (heading) School prom tonight.
1989 Movie No. 33. 59/1 Carrie is offered at least pseudo-affection at the school prom.
2010 Independent on Sunday 17 Oct. (New Review) 33/2 Doing club make-up for his female friends during his teenage years—making them dewy and fresh-faced for their school proms.
school prospectus n.
ΚΠ
1844 Times 14 July 1 Instead of the ordinary school prospectus, a small pamphlet entitled ‘A Brief Sketch of the Establishment’, explanatory of the system of education, mode of treatment, etc., to be had..by applying at Mr. Edmonds's.
1962 Brit. Jrnl. Educ. Stud. 11 9 The 1909 copy of the School Prospectus.
2010 R. Birnbaum Choosing School for Child with Special Needs ii. xi. 82 By law, the school prospectus must include information about admissions of children with special education needs and disabilities.
school rally n.
ΚΠ
1900 Elyria (Ohio) Reporter 4 Apr. 2/2 (heading) A school rally. The annual rally of the country schools..will be held in the Methodist church.
1920 Arrow of Phi Beta Phi June 467 Some weeks after this trip we attended a school rally at Sevierville.
2004 P. Perry in L. D. Baker Life in Amer. vii. xix. 350 Lunchtime events, school rallies, and dances were enlivened with rap and R & B music.
school register n.
ΚΠ
1685 A. Skene Memorialls for Govt. Royal-burghs xxv. 152 That every Visitation be particularly Registred in the School-Register, with the names of the Visitors.
1766 Acct. Designs Associates Late Dr Bray (new ed.) 36 He promiseth to send in his next Letter a Copy of the School Register, with the Ages of the Children, and their Improvements.
1852 Mass. Teacher 5 85 A record of attendance is usually kept in the School Register.
1913 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 390/2 A warden..rings the bells, has charge of the school registers, takes the roll at meals, and the like.
1999 Church Times 5 Nov. 28/4 I read out the names of the departed, and think of the school register.
school satchel n.
ΚΠ
1695 J. Crull tr. S. von Pufendorf Introd. Hist. Principal Kingdoms Europe xii. 387 The Schools are commonly destroyed, and the Teachers obliged to make shift, where best they can, a Musquet being at such times of more use than a School Satchel.
1786 Town & Country Mag. Dec. 618 A Scholar would entertain the readers of a Magazine much better without a frequent Recourse to his School Satchel.
1861 H. A. Jacobs Incidents Life Slave Girl xxxvi. 272 She came to me clad in very thin garments, all outgrown, and with a school satchel on her arm, containing a few articles.
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 325/2 School Satchels. Waterproof Brown Canvas.
2001 M. Perks Pagan Time viii. 114 We are given leather school satchels, though we will never be here long enough to go to school.
school secretary n.
ΚΠ
1814 T. Pole Hist. Origin & Progres Adult Schools 96 That a school-secretary be appointed, whose business it shall be to keep a fair book of the minutes belonging to the school.
1958 J. Townsend Young Devils vi. 52 I was shown into his room by a cheerful middle-aged school secretary.
2008 Independent 4 Sept. 23/2 Her father was a teacher and track coach while her mother, Sally, was the local school secretary.
school slang n.
ΚΠ
1824 New Monthly Mag. 11 23 A game which, to use the school slang, is in all the year round.
1900 J. S. Farmer Public School Word-bk. p. v It would, however, seem almost necessary to emphasise that this Word-Book is not, per se, a dictionary of school slang.
1993 L. R. Banks Myst. of Cupboard ii. 20 Keeps talking to himself, there's a rumor he's gone a bit irregular (that's our school slang for barmy).
school song n.
ΚΠ
1819 Examiner 4 July 427/2 We do not happen to possess the old school song..or we might have given a version of it suitable to the occasion.
1934 M. V. Hughes London Child of Seventies vi. 68 Another treat to me was the school song (‘Homo plantat’).
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 9 Nov. c18/2 I can still hear the thumping drums of the pep band, and the words of the school song.
school story n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > other fictional narrative > [noun] > stories with specific subject
love tale1592
love story1594
school story1664
ghost story1730
church story1834
1664 S. Pepys Diary 25 July (1971) V. 221 And so I made him stay with me till 11 at night, talking of old school stories.
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber i. 6 To shew you what a Mortification it was to me, in my very boyish Days, to find my self mistaken, give me leave to tell you a School Story.
1895 C. M. Yonge Long Vac. vii. 66 He had heard enough school stories to be wary of boasting of his title.
1914 ‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life vi. 151 Whereas school stories were formerly written to be read by schoolboys, they are now written to be read..by grown-up persons.
2003 S. Brett Murder in Museum xxxvi. 305 A voice from another era, redolent of Angela Brazil's school stories.
school system n.
ΚΠ
1803 S. Miller Brief Retrospect 18th Cent. II. xxvi. 389 The School system of Connecticut is generally considered the most perfect in the United States.
1911 C. E. Persons et al. Labor Laws 218 We should know how many children..the school system could no longer control, as well as those it still retains.
2000 Big Issue 28 Feb. 18/1 It's..an educational last chance saloon for teenagers who have failed at, and been failed by, the school system.
school treat n.
ΚΠ
1836 Cornwall Royal Gaz. 29 July (headline) School treat... The boys..were plentifully regaled with fruit, tea and cake, in a field adjoining the vicarage.
1934 D. L. Sayers Nine Tailors 121 An importunate child at a school treat.
2007 D. J. Taylor Bright Young People (2010) xi. 280 I think it's obscene to see a lot of middle-aged men and women behaving like children at a school treat.
school trip n.
ΚΠ
1851 J. P. Robson Week at Gilsland in Summer Excursions in North of Eng. iv. 43 We encountered a flock of rosy-faced children, accompanied by their teachers on a school-trip.
1931 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 8 234 They had never been on such a school trip.
2000 N. Hornby Speaking with Angel 97 I was trying to work out whether I'd ever been in an art gallery before or not... If I have ever been, it was on a school trip, and I was bored out of my skull.
school trunk n.
ΚΠ
1764 Public Advertiser 20 Mar. In the Possession of these two Offenders were found..a School Trunk with some small Linen, and a small Box with some Beads.
1809 Gentleman's Mag. May 416/2 I deposited it in a small school trunk till morning, when it proved to be an enormous Toad.
1915 R. Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 429 We'll get his old school trunk to-morrow and pack his civilian clothes.
2007 C. Ewan Good Thief's Guide to Amsterdam xi. 71 I..dragged my school trunk out from beneath my bed and rooted around in it.
school warden n.
ΚΠ
1615 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. cxxlix. 333 The Schoole Wardens shall not hencefurth pay or doo any reparacions vpon the howse..without a tyckett for the same vnder Maister Maior's hand.
a1749 G. C. Deering Nottinghamia (1751) vi. 107 The Bridgemasters and School-Wardens, are likewise chosen by the Hall annually.
1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2897 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 The two School Wardens [at Kingston-upon-Thames] are elected in like manner. Their duty is to visit and superintend the school.
1915 W. E. Chancellor in Jrnl. 53rd Internat. Congr. Educ. 1033 In this early period occasionally the school wardens or board members were named for life.
2006 Mirror (Nexis) 4 Apr. 2 Failure to obey a school warden puts the lives of children at risk.
schoolwork n.
ΚΠ
1803 R. Hunter Lett. Mrs Palmerstone to her Daughter II. viii. 67 ‘These,’ presenting some pretty articles of school-work, ‘are nothing to what she does now.’
1925 Today's Housewife Feb. 3/1 The demands of school work and the existence, generally, of unsatisfactory school and home-lighting cause a gradual increase of visual defects.
2004 Sugar Nov. 136/2 It might be a yawn but that schoolwork really must be done.
b. attributive. Designating a child that attends school, esp. the same school as oneself.
school bully n.
ΚΠ
1834 Standard 3 Apr. 1/4 Some vulgar school bully, who forces from an unoffending associate a share in the sweets which are by rights his.
1907 ‘M. Twain’ in N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 7 I had had a quarrel with a big boy who was the school-bully.
2009 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 12 Apr. 56 He sits alone in his estate's snowy playground every night, fantasising revenge on the school bullies who harass him every day.
schoolchild n. [compare Middle Dutch schōlekint (Dutch schoolkind ), Middle High German schuolkint (German Schulkind ); compare earlier schoolboy n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun]
scholarOE
schoolchild1595
student1764
schoolie1966
1595 tr. A. Banchieri Noblenesse of Asse ii. sig. F4v Schoole-children [It. i fanciulli nelle scuole] were went to put some heauie thing on their head, and binde an arme behinde being first hood winckled; then would the rest runne about him thus vsed.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 78 Horses naturally are like schoole-children, vnwilling to do shrewdly.
1720 J. Chamberlayne tr. G. Brandt Hist. Reformation (new ed.) I. vi. 169 He translated..several passages and sentences of Scripture, into the Dutch Tongue, and put them into the hands of the School Children.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 207 He [sc. Luther] had to beg, as the school-children in those times did.
1921 C. L. Burt Mental & Scholastic Tests 3 The Binet–Simon scale consists of about sixty graded tests for measuring the intelligence of school children.
2010 Independent 9 July 14/5 Schoolchildren across the country have been studying Roman Britain for decades, but are never taught about Carausius.
school chum n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolfellow
school ferea1387
schoolfellow1440
schoolmate1563
school companion1739
school chuma1817
form-fellow1820
fellow1844
a1817 W. C. Wells Memoirs in Two Ess. (1818) p. lvii I received an invitation by letter from a school chum, to visit him at his father's.
1916 Bookman July 539/2 He hears that his old school chum, the dunce of the class, has made a million dollars.
1992 W. Adler Housewife Blues iii. 61 He says that he wants me in private school not only for the education, but for the contacts I make among my school chums.
school companion n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolfellow
school ferea1387
schoolfellow1440
schoolmate1563
school companion1739
school chuma1817
form-fellow1820
fellow1844
1739 tr. Ceremonies & Relig. Customs Var. Nations VII. 115 The Child..is carried on Horseback with Kettle-drums and Tabors sounding, dressed in his best attire, followed by his School Companions.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 27 Some grotesque habits of..screwing his visage while reciting his task, made poor Sampson the ridicule of all his school-companions.
1995 Thumbscrew Spring 53 The atmosphere of loss surrounding Louis's home engendered intimations of mortality which sundered him, perhaps permanently, from his school companions.
school dunce n.
ΚΠ
1845 Art Union June 182 It would seem that, like the school-dunce, he can read only out of his own book.
1937 New Eng. Q. 10 153 The boy who, till the age of twenty, was the ‘school dunce’.
2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 16 Aug. 6 He was the school dunce who became a hero of Arctic exploration.
† school fere n. [ < school n.1 + fere n.1] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolfellow
school ferea1387
schoolfellow1440
schoolmate1563
school companion1739
school chuma1817
form-fellow1820
fellow1844
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 449 One Calistenes, Alisaundre scolefere [L. condisciplulus] under Aristotil.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 397 He..went to Rome at þe laste wiþ oon of his scole feres.
school friend n.
ΚΠ
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber i. 7 Having undesignedly provok'd my School-Friend into an Enemy.
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. iii. 43 Graham is busy with his school-friends.
1973 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Answer x. 97 He recalled Judith's school friend as soon as he set eyes on her.
2005 V. Haussegger Wonder Woman v. 86 Among my group of school friends, Giuliana was a stand-out star with a glittering future.
school kid n.
ΚΠ
1869 Birmingham Daily Gaz. 24 Dec. 5/5 Well, but, Teacher, what's Christmas and Christmas Eve? I know it's the time when the school-kids leave.
1880 Daily Evening Democrat (Shelbyville, Indiana) 12 Nov. 1/1 Every school ‘kid’ in the county knows Billy.
1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch xii. 162 The school-kids recited her songs at the local Feis.
1991 A. Campbell Sidewinder ii. 20 A gang of school kids ran past, laughing and shouting, ‘Bang, bang!’
schoolmaid n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolgirl
schoolmaida1616
schoolgirl1658
school miss1692
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iv. 46 Luc. Is she your cosen? Isa. Adoptedly, as schoole-maids change their names By vaine, though apt affection. View more context for this quotation
1753 T. Hamilton Misc. Wks. in Verse & Prose III. 256 You wouldn't have her always poring on them [sc. books], like a school maid on her sampler.
1897 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 17 179/1 Reedy Brook,..where she had often stood with Walter Priston, when she was a schoolmaid.
1917 G. Gough Yeoman Adventurer x. 90 She was larking like a schoolmaid.
2003 I. Poig Prairie Nocturne 58 Even to a knock-kneed schoolmaid it had been obvious how Angus's eyes searched past his bride of convenience to Anna Reese.
school miss n. now rare
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolgirl
schoolmaida1616
schoolgirl1658
school miss1692
1692 E. Settle 2nd Pt. Notorious Impostor 11 A Tradesman's Daughter,..something of the Elderlyest for a School-miss, being indeed about 20 years of Age.
1786 Walker's Hibernian Mag. June 320/2 Of Penelope's web ev'ry school Miss can prate.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule ii. 22 I take her to be an affected school-miss.
1905 W. C. Cooper Preventive Med. 14 School misses should absorb this fact from their school readers, and teachers should tamp it into them.
school prefect n.
ΚΠ
1865 Stealing of Princes xx. 234 It is said that there was once a tyrannical school-prefect..who wickedly oppressed two brothers.
1949 E. Coxhead Wind in West vii. 178 He who had been the naughty child was now the school prefect.
2009 Evening Standard (Nexis) 28 Aug. The earnest, self-righteous manner of a school prefect being asked if it is true that he had been seen smoking behind the bike sheds.
school pupil n.
ΚΠ
1818 Morning Post 23 Feb. 1/5 (advt.) For, embracing practice and theory, it gives the school pupil the unprecedented power of combining facility of execution with the knowledge of thorough bass and composition.
1910 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 498 These two types of mind, that somewhat respond to the mental attitude of the school pupil and the university student.
2010 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 21 May 20/2 The school pupils sang a rousing Happy Birthday followed by three cheers and a yahoo.
school student n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil
discipleOE
scholarOE
clerka1425
pupil1531
eleve1736
school student1846
pup1871
1846 G. Wightwick Hints to Young Architects i. 15 We now take leave of our school student, to meet him again some five years hence.
1930 Music Supervisors' Jrnl. 17 26/2 The poor music teacher must sell his wares not only to the school student, but to his principal and the faculty advisor of the student as well.
2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1364/3 Work shadowing has traditionally been seen as a way of giving work experience to school students or graduates.
school urchin n.
ΚΠ
1824 Somerset House Gaz. 17 Jan. 237/1 The hour was fast approaching which was to relieve for a while the farmer from his rural labour, the ox from his toil, the school urchin from his primer.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. ix. [Scylla & Charybdis] 195 Antiquity mentions that Stagyrite schoolurchin and bald heathen sage.
2001 Daily Mail (Nexis) 23 Oct. 4 Two Ministers dragged themselves to Parliament with all the eagerness of school urchins volunteering for more boiled turnip.
c.
(a) attributive. Designating clothing or footwear worn for school. See also school cap n. 1.
ΚΠ
1810 A. Highmore Pietas Londinensis 891 And in case their parents or friends take them out sooner they shall forfeit their school clothes.
1849 J. H. Buchner Let. 27 July in Periodical Accts. Missions Church United Brethren (?1851) 19 348 In school-hours they wear a particular school-gown, made of cotton.
1854 J. E. R. Hornblower Vara viii. 92 The coarse school-shoes and blue worsted stockings which she had worn in the morning.
1857 Liverpool Mercury 26 Jan. 3/6 To those who want boys' school trousers, call at Lewis & Company's.
1922 D. Canfield Rough-hewn 165 After she had..gone to her room to change to her usual dark woolen school-dress.
1940 Times 10 Feb. 3/6 When last seen she was dressed in a navy-blue school coat.
1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden iii. 51 The girls in her class..regarded her as relatively plain..with no notion of how to twist a school beret or hitch a school skirt.
1989 S. Barry Boss Grady's Boys ii, in Plays: One (1997) 35 When our legs were spindles in the school trousers we danced to his tunes.
2004 B. Bull Shanghai Station 113 A young girl in a maroon school pinafore jumped down from the motorcar behind him.
(b)
school beret n.
ΚΠ
1961 Salt Lake Tribune 4 June 4 w/1 Contemporary versions of the little girl's school beret with ribbon tab and pin.
1999 G. Weiner in C. Zmroczek & P. Mahony Women & Social Class iii. 40 A group of boys thought it amusing to try to grab my school beret.
school blazer n.
ΚΠ
1885 City of London School Mag. June 132 F. T. Miller..proposed that measures be taken for the early introduction of a suitable school ‘blazer’.
1913 J. Vaizey College Girl v. 62 The boys wore flannel trousers with school blazers and caps.
2010 Western Mail (Nexis) 17 Sept. 6 Excited children dressed in their school blazers and ties.
school blouse n.
ΚΠ
1895 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 23 Feb. 2/6 (advt.) Boys' School Blouses with large navy collar, 2-inch ruffle on front and cuff.
1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 253/1 School or Gym Blouse... Long sleeves for school type, short for gym blouse.
2003 M. Ali Brick Lane x. 178 There was an ink stain on her school blouse.
school scarf n.
ΚΠ
1867 Edinb. Evening Courant 20 May 2/1 (advt.) The Cricket Dress. The Racing Jersey. The School Hat Band. The School Scarf.
1907 E. Nesbit Enchanted Castle iii. 90 The crimson school-scarf that had supported his white flannels.
1996 F. McCourt Angela's Ashes (1997) xii. 316 The Crescent College boys wear blazers and school scarves tossed around their necks and over their shoulders to show they're cock o' the walk.
school tie n.
ΚΠ
1897 Daily Times (Portsmouth, Ohio) 8 Sept. 4/6 (advt.) Boys' school ties in dark colors at 5c.
1919 F. B. Young Young Physician (1920) ii. i. 261 He wore a school tie of knitted silk.
2004 S. Hall Electric Michelangelo 86 She'd insisted he comb his hair and wear his school tie.
school uniform n.
ΚΠ
1817 Christian Observer July 433/1 With respect to school uniforms,..it is much to be doubted whether they are not altogether of injurious moral tendency to the children.
1933 A. White Frost in May ii. 47 She trotted sedately behind the lay-sister, wearing her school uniform.
2002 J. Eugenides Middlesex iii. 292 My new school uniform,..crested and tartaned.
schoolwear n.
ΚΠ
1847 Blackburn Standard 29 Dec. 1/6 (advt.) Youths' Hussar and Tunic Dresses, suitable for school wear.
1916 London Q. Rev. Mar. 76 How children's school wear might be made on lines that would be hygienic and comfortable to themselves and lessen the mother's labours at the wash-tub.
2009 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 4 Jan. 7/4 Piles of children's..schoolwear.
d. Objective.
school caretaker n.
ΚΠ
1879 Builder 8 Nov. 1248/3 It is within our own experience that where the school caretaker is negligent, these troughs are sometimes allowed to get quite full before being flushed.
1959 W. Golding Free Fall 228 Our school caretaker was a sodden old soldier who chased us off the grass when we were small.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiii. 275 [He] had been through a police vetting procedure for his job as a school caretaker.
school cleaner n.
ΚΠ
1855 Caledonian Mercury 5 Oct. 3/5 A petition presented from Mrs Henderson, the school cleaner, for an increase of salary.
1969 G. Friel Grace & Miss Partridge 14 She clucked down to Mrs Green, widow and school-cleaner in the single-end below her own.
2011 North Devon Jrnl. (Nexis) 25 Aug. 19 The school cleaners and caretaker were all doing sterling work to get the school back up to scratch.
school governor n.
ΚΠ
1814 J. J. Park Topography & Nat. Hist. Hampstead iii. 293 Having accidentally seen it the evening before it was read at the meeting of the School Governors.
1976 L. Henderson Major Enq. xvii. 116 I was attending a meeting of the Branton Education Committee, I am one of the school governors.
2002 Times Educ. Suppl. 27 Sept. (Jobs section) 42/3 (advt.) The school governors wish to appoint a special Educational Needs Co-ordinator.
school management n.
ΚΠ
1806 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 141/1 Without desiring to deprive Mr. L. of any part of the credit he may reasonably claim for..providing..a better method of school-management and tuition.
1910 F. Arnold Text-bk. School & Class Managem. II. i. 6 Of considerable importance as far as school management is concerned, are the attendance of children,..promotions, and general progress in school work.
2001 Independent 12 July (Educ. section) 3/4 Obviously some schools are better than others. It depends on your intake and on how strong the school management is.
school manager n.
ΚΠ
1823 Times Sept. 13 2/5 The Marquis..went the same pleasing circuit, making the necessary inquiries of masters and school managers.
1908 Parish Councils (Fabian Tract No. 137) 13 At Limpsfield (Surrey) the school manager appointed by the parish council personally started a canteen.
2007 Africa News (Nexis) 16 July School managers need to work on school management strategies to minimize both teachers' and students' absenteeism.
e. Locative.
school-based adj.
ΚΠ
1955 M. L. Falick et al. in Mental Hygiene (U.S. National Assoc. for Mental Health) 39 63 (title) A critical evaluation of the therapeutic use of a club in a school-based mental-hygiene program.
2001 J. Robinson Voices of Queensland v. 142 A scheme of moderated school-based teacher assessments.
school-bred adj.
ΚΠ
1630 J. Penkethman tr. W. Lily (title) The fairest fairing for a schoole-bred sonne; whereby praise, ease, and profit may be wonne. That is to say, The schoole-masters precepts.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 840 And if it chance..That though school-bred, the boy be virtuous still. View more context for this quotation
1840 London & Westm. Rev. Sept. 249/2 Home-bred children of twelve will be less childish and more child-like than school-bred children of the same age.
1918 Jrnl. Forestry 16 850 That the good foreman, the skillful plumber, etc., should feel a little envy toward the school-bred engineer is quite natural.
2004 S. M. Stowe Doctoring South iii. 79 Indeed, it was not a school-bred scientist but a worthy man—a good father—who now seemed to him the best model for a practitioner.
school-taught adj.
ΚΠ
1597 N. Ling Politeuphuia: Wits Common Wealth f. 55v That chylde is grosse witted, which being throughly schoole-taught, continues stil barbarous.
1616 F. Rous Medit. of Instr. 42 In regard of their new vnderstanding, the Schoole-taught knowledge euen of old Doctors, shall bee ashamed of the name of knowledge.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 3 Let school-taught pride dissemble all it can, These little things are great to little man.
1848 J. R. Stanford Let. 18 Feb. in Flagg Corr. (1986) 93 The old Maxim of ‘let well enough alone’ is not longer in vogue as modern school taught folks would say the phrase has become ‘obsolete’.
1911 N. C. Fowler in R. C. MacLaurin Mech. Arts I. 71 He will be promoted quicker with this school-taught education.
2007 C. Webb Home School (2008) 88 ‘We're home taught,’ Jason said... ‘As opposed to school taught.’
school-trained adj.
ΚΠ
1812 M. W. Roberts Rose & Emily viii. 103 I..would prefer her mind a perfect blank, rather than have it impressed with such ideas as I have too frequently discovered in the school-trained girls of fashion.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. x. 214 Boys trained in the mission school and married to school-trained girls.
1994 J. Farquhar Knowing Pract. iii. 41 The overall predominance of men in the field may be changing somewhat with the youngest generation of school-trained doctors.
C2. General attributive (in senses 12b, 14), as school author, school exercise, school logic, school philosophy, etc. [Compare Middle High German schuolüebunge scholastic exercise (German †Schulübung), schuolherre schoolman, scholastic (German †Schulherr, also in sense ‘teacher’).]
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Friar's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 8 Ye han heer touched al so mote I thee In scole matere greet difficultee.
c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 327 Hem þat in scole-excersyse..sechene þoo þinges þat bene nedefulle to sowle-hele.
1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. xlvi. f. clxvii To hold with schole clerkes, that pardons be not giuen for corporall thinges of them selues but as temporall thinges be ordeyned vnto spiritual.
1550 T. Cranmer Def. Sacrament ii. f. 33 Howe so euer the body and bloode of our sauiour Christ be ther present, thei may as wel be present ther with the substance of bread & wyne, as with the accidentes of the same, as the schole authors do confesse them selues.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Fv This schole philosophie..thinketh all thinges mete for euery place.
a1625 E. Chaloner Six Serm. (1629) 30 The husbandman..vsed not..those schoole quiddities to simple labourers.
1645 D. North Forest of Varieties ii. 217 Schoole Logick instructed me that man consists of a reasonable soule.
1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech. i. xxvi. 91 An ordinary School-philosopher would confidently have attributed this sustentation of so heavy a Body to Nature's fear of admitting a Vacuum.
1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vii. 408 To lay open the school-account of this matter, and unravel it through all its abstrusities.
1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 3 As well in voluntary Improvements, as in the perfecting of his School-exercises.
1751 W. Warburton in Wks. of Alexander Pope III. 52 (note) For this dangerous school-opinion gives support to the Manichean or Zoroastrian error.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 581 Philology..degenerated through the prevalence of school-logic.
1825 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 31 380 It is (to use a school term) an inseparable accident of Lisbon.
1870 Church 1 Aug. 202 Man's future bliss does not depend on his mastery of school subtilties.
1891 Speaker 20 June 724/2 In the Anglican Church it remains still a school question.
1920 Philos. Rev. 29 376 The school-philosophy seeks knowledge of knowledge rather than knowledge of the world.
1996 W. W. Miller Durkheim, Morals & Modernity ii. 69 We might assume that a formal, school logic is also the logic at work in society.
2001 R. Black Humanism & Educ. in Medieval & Renaissance Italy iv. 174 This classification of school authors as maiores and minores persisted into the later middle ages and Renaissance.
C3. attributive. Designating, belonging to, or connected with the building or set of buildings comprising a school or (esp. in early use) a university.
school auditorium n.
ΚΠ
1882 Logansport (Indiana) Jrnl. 1 June 5/1 The pupils of St. Joseph's..repeated their commencement entertainment last evening to an audience which filled every niche and corner of the school auditorium.
1939 Life 29 May 73 (caption) Play was given in school auditorium at 8:30 in the morning.
2010 Northern Echo (Nexis) 18 Nov. 28 I remember sitting in the school auditorium and he just mesmerised the audience.
school building n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school
schoolhousea1272
pedagogue1500
school1519
school building1713
1713 E. Calamy Abridgem. Baxter's Hist. Life & Times (ed. 2) II. 429 The Revenue was then but small, and the School-Buildings (those few there were) quite out of Repair.
1829 R. Gilbert Liber Scholast. 167 The school buildings are well adapted [etc.].
1934 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 8 21 Supervised after-school clubs in the school buildings.
1993 Vibe Sept. 36/1 At night they'd practice aerosol arts on the roof of the school building.
school cafeteria n.
ΚΠ
1912 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 16 Feb. 20/1 The inspiration received..at the school cafeteria.
1933 Elem. School Jrnl. 34 170 The evidence will not sustain a finding that food furnished at the school cafeteria did not conform to proper standards.
2011 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 13 Oct. 20 An airy school cafeteria is filled with the excited chatter of dozens of teenagers.
school canteen n.
ΚΠ
1881 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 19 June 7/1 (heading) School Canteens... The poor children attending the Communal schools of Paris should be provided with a wholesome meal.
1947 Eng. Jrnl. 36 361/1 The drama club wanted to invite the colored college students to a joint meeting in the school canteen.
2008 Independent 28 Mar. 6/6 School canteens have to compete with a myriad of takeaways, chippies and sweet shops for pupils' dinner money.
school chapel n.
ΚΠ
1817 S. C. Walford Recoll. Ramble 145 The door of the school-chapel was open.
1910 H. G. Wells New Machiavelli (1911) i. iii. 92 (heading) The school chapel; and how it seems to an old boy.
2010 Times (Nexis) 11 Jan. 51 The most unstuffy of heads, he once astonished the pupils at Rugby by skateboarding down the aisle of the school chapel.
school classroom n.
ΚΠ
1879 Liverpool Mercury 31 July 8/5 He was not a very good boy, as he preferred birdsnesting in the castle grounds to studying in the school classroom.
1932 W. Lewis Creatures of Habit (1989) 178 School class-rooms are replete with whispers.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxx. 454 Ralph Waldo Emerson..has been co-opted by reactionaries and revisionists who now vapidly point to his famous portrait zooified on the walls of school classrooms today.
school dining hall n.
ΚΠ
1859 Manch. Guardian 2 July 5 He was entertained at luncheon in the school dining hall.
1949 Jrnl. Hygiene 47 96/1 The number of eggs found on a square foot of surface was 119 in a school dining-hall, 305 in classrooms, and 5000 in closets.
2007 W. Trousdale Mil. High Schools in Amer. 86 The only omnipresent supplemental food on every table in every school dining hall is peanut butter.
school door n.
ΚΠ
1534 R. Barnes Supplicacion H. VIII (rev. ed.) sig. h2v In this tyme was the hoole body of the vniuersite gathered together, and knocked at the schole doores, and sayde, they wolde here the examynation.
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. Concl. 62 There is not that sect of Philosophers among the heathen so dissolute..but would shut his school dores against such greasy sophisters.
1711 R. Cotes Let. 25 Oct. in I. Newton Corr. (1975) V. 202 A Paper..will be affix'd to the School-doors on Saturday next, after which the Election of a successor will follow.
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene I. iv, 41 We continued our way in silence until we arrived at the school door; there was a terrible buz inside.
1995 D. McLean Bunker Man 105 He pulled the school door to, turned the big key, then gave the brass knob a rattle to check it.
school field n.
ΚΠ
1815 Lancaster Gaz. 26 Aug. 3/5 The School-field, belonging to the School of Ellel.
1934 Rotarian Sept. 58/3 There are large regions in which, in spite of the efforts of social settlements, public playgrounds, and school fields, the great mass of growing youth resort to the streets for an outlet in the day time.
2003 C. Lewis Dict. Playground Slang 94 Run up behind them on the school field (after some heavy snow) and pile as much snow and ice right down their back as you could manage.
school gate n.
ΚΠ
1561 in C. M. Clode Memorials Guild Merchant Taylors (1875) cxxii. 421 See the streete nigh to the schoole gate cleansed of all manner of ordure.
1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. 99 in Church-hist. Brit. One Peter de Valence a Norman was a Student in Cambridge, when the Papist Indulgences were solemnly set upon the School-gates.
1739 F. Blomefield Hist. Thetford xxiii. 164 On the School Gate against the Street, is this Inscription.
1847 C. M. Yonge Scenes & Characters xxiii. 280 William walked to the school gate with them.
1995 P. McCabe Dead School (1996) 163 Malachy came trotting in the school gates with his big briefcase under his arm.
school gym n.
ΚΠ
1897 Bk. News Dec. 242/1 The story relates to her school life and school friends, and her many happy hours at tennis and in the school ‘gym’.
1943 Clearing House 17 459/2 I suggest that the school gym be opened up on weekend nights so that the girls can go there to seek their recreation.
2011 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 11 Oct. 1 b Brown sat among hundreds of staff and students in the school gym on Monday morning.
school gymnasium n.
ΚΠ
1861 Ann. Rep. (Michigan Dept. Educ.) 103 In my last annual report I asked that an appropriation of $1000 be made for a school gymnasium.
1922 Elem. School Jrnl. 23 45 The board of education of the city of New York permitted a community center to use a school gymnasium.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Sept. 31 He walked out aged 14 after being picked on to fight a much stronger older boy in front of a crowd of pupils and teachers in the school gymnasium.
school kitchen n.
ΚΠ
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius i. f. 40v That vnsauory schoolekitchen.
1812 H. B. Wilson Hist. Merchant-Taylors School I. iii. 401 The school-kitchen, which on these occasions had its capabilities amply tried.
1933 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 2 116/1 The use of home-grown and home-canned products in the school kitchen.
2011 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 14 Oct. Why aren't those meals being cooked in school kitchens?
school library n.
ΚΠ
1648 J. Mason Princeps Rhetoricus 5 Keeper of the three School Libraries.
1746 S. Simpson Agreeable Historian II. 280 He..was a great Benefactor to the School Library.
1854 Rep. Trans. Pennsylvania State Agric. Soc. 276 Another great reform would be the introducing of a school library into every district school.
1941 M. Treadgold We couldn't leave Dinah i. 20 A discerning headmaster..had directed..her vivid imagination to the excellent school library.
2001 TES Primary July 50/4 Placed in any school library, these books would be eagerly devoured by the many youngsters.
school playground n.
ΚΠ
1839 Standard 25 Nov. 3/3 She..walked with him and the other masters round the school playground.
1932 A. Bell Cherry Tree vii. 90 Then the word would go round, just about the time that the whipping of tops came to an end in the school playground, that the primroses were out.
2002 E. Hartmann Truth about Fire iii. 23 She hated her dark skin because the kids on the school playground in Oxford taunted her.
school roof n.
ΚΠ
a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 140 (MED) An Abbot þat..neuer lift vp his heued to see þe scole-rouf.
1659–61 in C. Innes Fasti Aberdonenses (1854) 606 The schooll rooff helped.
1836 Evangelical Mag. & Missionary Chron. Dec. 581/2 One poor young man..wanted to make me believe that one of the pillars upon which the school roof was resting..was God!
1999 M. Winfield Smiling Water xi. 41 The hard snow slowly slid off the school roof.
school wall n.
ΚΠ
1618 A. Munday Stow's Suruay of London (new ed.) 607 (note) A small Monument erected in the Schoole wall, in the Cloyster.
1735 J. Swift Lett. (1768) IV. 95 Scraw ling [sic] on the school walls.
1865 W. L. Collins Etonia xii. 178 The winners in the boat-races, who are paraded in this distinguished fashion ‘after six’ through college and along the school wall, with great shouting and rejoicing.
1916 I. Friedlaender tr. S. M. Dubnow Hist. Jews Russia & Poland I. iv. ii. 116 The rosh-yeshibah was absolute master within the school walls.
2002 Times 18 Jan. i. 18/1 Teachers are reporting frequent cases of Satanist graffiti on school walls.
schoolyard n.
ΚΠ
1586 in J. C. Cox Rec. Borough Northampton (1898) II. 156 He holdeth alsoe one other piece of Grounde..on the left hande of the Gate entringe in to the Schoole yarde.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 35 Adjoining to the School-Yard is the Physick-Garden.
1750 J. Wesley Let. 8 June (1931) III. 280 She ran into the schoolyard for shelter.
1860 R. W. Emerson Domest. Life in Dial Oct. 594 The warm sympathy with which they kindle each other in school-yard, or in barn or wood-shed.
2005 City News (Brisbane) 8 Sept. 40/3 The location has changed from schoolyard to office block, but it's still there—peer pressure.
C4. attributive. Designating a work of art produced by an apprentice or assistant trained by a particular master or working in his studio, or by a student at an art college, as school painting, school piece, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [adjective] > produced by pupils of specific master
school of1722
school1903
1822 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 4 42 In the Polite Arts sixty-nine medals were awarded; some to works of high promise; some to mere school-pieces.
1903 R. Fry Let. 16 Mar. (1972) I. 207 I have found..a tondo..which I can't help still fancying a schoolpiece. Anyhow this, which was called ‘School of Lorenzo’, is Piero all over.
1905 Mrs. H. Ward Marriage of William Ashe i. ii. 31 It was an old low-ceiled room, panelled in white and gold, showing here and there an Italian picture—Saint, or Holy Family, agreeable school-work.
1937 Burlington Mag. Feb. 77/1 The accidental meeting of northern and southern art-forms, as it were, in a school-piece.
1979 R. Cox Auction iii. 58 I would certainly not say priceless. As School paintings go, yes, it's valuable.
2004 C. B. Scallen Rembrandt i. 75 School pieces were included in the main catalogue only if, in Bode's opinion, they had been retouched by Rembrandt.
C5.
a. With the first element in the singular.
school air n. Dressage (now rare) = air n.1 12.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > special movements performed by trained horse > [noun] > step or manoeuvre taught in school
school gait1705
school pace1705
school air1884
1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship xvii. 143 Some of the other school airs are often volunteered by restless animals in their resistances.
1901 M. H. Hayes Riding & Hunting i. 4 Acquaintance with these simple school ‘airs’ is of more importance in hunting than in race-riding.
school assembly n. †(a) a social gathering for school pupils (obsolete); (b) = assembly n. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > assembly
school assembly1837
assembly1932
1837 Man. Politeness 75 It should not be forgotten by young people on their entrance into life, that dancing in fashionable circles and school assemblies, are two distinct things.
1886 Mitchell (Dakota Territory) Daily Republican 11 May 1/3 In school assemblies, children..were encouraged to strive for the highest places.
1932 J. M. MacBain (title) Incidental music for use at school assembly.
1998 Educ. Rev. Summer 94/1 It also has a very useful appendix on collective worship which properly distinguishes between the worship of a school assembly and that of a faith community.
school attendance n. (obligatory) presence at school; frequently attributive, designating a person or thing involved in the enforcement of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [adjective] > school attendance
school attendance1749
1749 S. Fielding Governess iv. 114 Mrs Teachum not only granted their Request, but said she would dispense with their School-attendance that Afternoon.
1876 Act 39 & 40 Vict. c. 79 §7 The provisions of this Act..shall be enforced—(1.) In a school district within the jurisdiction of a school board, by that board; and (2.) In every other school district by a committee (in this Act referred to as a school attendance committee).
1911 G. B. Shaw Getting Married Pref. in Doctor's Dilemma 185 If you pay less than £40 a year rent, you will sometimes feel tempted to say to the..school attendance officer, and the sanitary inspector: ‘Is this child mine or yours?’
2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 May 52/2 School attendance is no more than an option.
school bell n. a bell rung in a school to signal the start and end of lessons or the school day.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school > school bell
school bellc1578
c1578 in T. Baker Hist. College St. John, Cambr. (1869) I. 412 He that ringeth the schoole-bell shall have for his paynes 20s. yearlie.
1691 T. D'Urfey Love for Money v. i. 44 The School-Bell has just rung Nine.
1779 J. Wedgwood Let. 23 Nov. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 247 Rise at 7 in winter, when I shall ring the school bell.
1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. (1894) 12 When the school-bell cut short our strife.
1976 C. Dexter Last seen Wearing xvii. 136 The school bell rang at 4.00 p.m., and the last lesson of the day was over.
2004 Canad. Living Oct. 81/3 Grade 5 teacher Elvira Gee has her students do 12 jumps every time the school bell rings: morning, recess and lunch.
school broadcast n. an educational radio or television broadcast for use in schools; cf. schools broadcast n. at Compounds 5b.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > schools broadcast
school broadcast1927
schools television1952
schools programme1971
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > types of
news bulletin1857
news summary1875
police message1886
newsflash1904
headline1908
play-by-play1909
feature1913
spot ad1916
magazine1921
news1923
time signal1923
outside broadcast1924
radiocast1924
amateur hour1925
bulletin1925
serial1926
commentary1927
rebroadcast1927
school broadcast1927
feature programme1928
trailer1928
hour1930
schools broadcast1930
show1930
spot advertisement1930
spot announcement1930
sustaining1931
flash1934
newscast1934
commercial1935
clambake1937
remote1937
repeat1937
snap1937
soap opera1939
sportcast1939
spot commercial1939
daytimer1940
magazine programme1941
season1942
soap1943
soaper1946
parade1947
public service announcement1948
simulcasting1949
breakfast-time television1952
call-in1952
talkathon1952
game show1953
kidvid1955
roundup1958
telenovela1961
opt-out1962
miniseries1963
simulcast1964
soapie1964
party political1966
novela1968
phone-in1968
sudser1968
schools programme1971
talk-in1971
God slot1972
roadshow1973
trail1973
drama-doc1977
informercial1980
infotainment1980
infomercial1981
kideo1983
talk-back1984
indie1988
omnibus1988
teleserye2000
kidult-
1927 Times 4 May 7/4 Local school broadcasts will be given from the Manchester station on Monday and Wednesday afternoons throughout the term.
2008 O. P. Dhiman Understanding Educ. vii. 266 Alert teachers and efficient school administrators can utilize school broadcasts for educative, informative and interest creating purposes.
school broadcaster n. a maker of school broadcasts.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcaster > [noun] > types of
co-host1908
announcer1922
newsreader1925
race-reader1926
newscaster1930
sportscaster1930
quizzee1933
school broadcaster1937
commentator1938
racecaster1938
sportcaster1938
femcee1940
record jockey1940
disc jockey1941
narrator1941
deejay1946
colourman1947
anchorman1948
host1948
jock1952
speakerine1957
presenter1959
linkman1960
anchorwoman1961
rock jock1961
anchor1962
jockey1963
voice-over1966
anchorperson1971
outside broadcaster1971
news anchor1975
talk-master1975
satcaster1982
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > school broadcaster
school broadcaster1937
1937 Times 14 July 11/3 The cooperation of the school broadcaster has been welcomed most warmly.
1992 M. Meyer Aspects of School Television in Europe 118 His one initial aim was ‘to find out how the skills of a researcher and the results of research and evaluation could benefit school broadcasters’.
school broadcasting n. the broadcasting of educational radio or television programmes for use in schools; cf. schools broadcasting n. at Compounds 5b.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > [noun] > broadcasting specific type of programme or item
spot advertising1904
outside broadcasting1925
school broadcasting1926
newscasting1928
sportcasting1934
sportscasting1941
revival1955
pray-TV1957
trailing1961
radiovision1963
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > school-teaching > school broadcasting
school broadcasting1926
1926 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 14 Sept. 20/4 Many of the school buildings of New York and Chicago were equipped with radio last year and an attempt made in both cities to arrange a regular program of school broadcasting.
2003 M. Scanlon & D. Buckingham in G. Marshall & Y. J. Katz Learning in School, Home, & Community 140 In the UK, concerns have even been raised about the future of school broadcasting.
school bus n. a bus provided by a school, local authority, etc., to take children to and from school.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > omnibus > operating specific type of service
owl bus1856
school bus1872
telebus1942
shuttle bus1951
1872 Free Church Scotl. Monthly Rec. 1 July 149/2 I believe we might do a good deal to supply the want..if we could throw the school open to day-scholars, and send a school 'bus for them.
1939 G. Household Rogue Male 110 I saw the school-bus and an occasional car.
2001 Chicago Tribune 9 Sept. i. 24/5 We waited with our sons for the school bus.
school busing n. the provision of school buses; spec. (U.S.) the busing of black schoolchildren to schools in predominantly white areas, to aid school desegregation (now historical).
ΚΠ
1961 Santa Fe New Mexican 17 Feb. 9/4 (headline) School bussing against law.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 28 Aug. 4/5 Calling for Constitutional amendments to bar abortions and school busing for racial balance.
2004 School Transport (House of Commons Transport Comm.) II. 69 If we could stager [sic] school starting times..it would make school busing more attractive by guaranteeing two school runs.
school butter n. †(a) slang a flogging (obsolete); †(b) (perhaps) smooth, persuasive talk as learnt in the universities (cf. butter n.1 2b) (obsolete); (c) U.S. regional (chiefly southern) slang (now historical) used as a jeer or taunt to schoolchildren.
ΚΠ
c1571 July & Julian ii. ii. 13 I faith mr Dicke had some scholbutter to day.
1585 A. Munday tr. L. Pasqualigo Fedele & Fortunio v. ii. sig. G1v O yt I had some of Pediculus [i.e. Pedante's] Schoole-butter to make me a lip salue.
a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. v. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fff4v/1 He was whipt like a top, I never saw a whore so lac'd: Court schoole-butter? Is this their diet?
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Cob, or Cobbing, a punishment used by the seamen for petty offences or irregularities among themselves... This piece of discipline is also inflicted in Ireland, by the school-boys, on persons coming into the school without taking off their hats; it is there called school butter.
1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 84 I fell down.., running after that fellow that cried ‘school-butter’.
1914 Radford (Va.) Normal Bull. Aug. 14 A horseman, passing a certain school, called out ‘School butter’, and immediately set spurs to his horse. The teacher permitted all the larger boys of the school to join in the chase.
a1985 C. D. Williams Tales from Sacred Wind (2003) iv. 207 Then he yelled in a cracked old voice, ‘School butter! School butter! Ye'd better git out of my way!’.
school-capped adj. wearing a school cap.
ΚΠ
1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine ii. 97 Mothers with warm-smelling furs are fussing with their school-capped sons.
2001 F. Butler Up the Snicket (2006) 73 An earnest and vigorous shake of the school-capped head.
School Cert n. (also with lower-case initials) = School Certificate n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > school examinations > certificates
passing certificate1787
School Certificate1835
leaving certificate1871
School Cert1926
advanced level1947
matric1947
ordinary level1947
scholarship level1947
O level1949
S level1951
ordinary grade1959
Certificate of Secondary Education1961
O grade1962
GCSE1978
1926 Times 4 Oct. 4/5 (advt.) Responsions, Previous, School Cert. Mr. G. H. Gladstone..prepares pupils.
1967 H. W. Sutherland Magnie vii. 92 She could have taken the one year course herself, but she thought you'd need a school cert. at least.
1992 Dominion Sunday Times (Wellington, N.Z.) 13 Apr. 9 The Otago front row wouldn't get School Cert between them.
School Certificate n. (also with lower-case initials) a certificate issued by a school to a pupil; esp. (in any of various public examination systems), a certificate of proficiency in subjects learned at school.In the United Kingdom, the School Certificate was instituted as a public examination system in 1918 and replaced in 1951 by the General Certificate of Education (Ordinary level); cf. Higher School Certificate n. at higher adj., adv., and n.1 Compounds 1b.
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society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > school examinations > certificates
passing certificate1787
School Certificate1835
leaving certificate1871
School Cert1926
advanced level1947
matric1947
ordinary level1947
scholarship level1947
O level1949
S level1951
ordinary grade1959
Certificate of Secondary Education1961
O grade1962
GCSE1978
1835 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 519 A school certificate, and one of good conduct.
1888 R. Kipling Wee Willie Winkie 75 They were an educated regiment, the percentage of school-certificates in their ranks were high.
1931 ‘G. Trevor’ Murder at School ii. 36 He was in my junior form... I expect he'd have taken his School Certificate.
1966 G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. viii. 173 He [sc. a New Zealander] is likely to sit School Certificate (approximately equivalent to English GCE Ordinary Level).
1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies i. i. 10 Besides, everyone looked up to Sahadevan, his brothers-in-law too, for had not Sahadevan passed his School Certificate?
school colour n. (in plural) the colours used for a uniform, on a badge, etc., to identify a school; (also) = colour n.1 19b(a).
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society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > colours > of school, club, or team
colour1577
house colour1867
school colour1876
society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes
garland?a1513
plate1639
cupc1640
dog plate1686
gold medal1694
gold cup1718
sweepstake1773
trophy1822
bronze medal1852
shield1868
statuette1875
pot1885
team honours1895
letter1897
silver medal1908
school colour1913
gold1945
bronze1960
silver1960
Fed Cup1965
1876 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 17 June 4/3 The Truronians will be distinguished by the well known school colours of blue, red, and yellow.
1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. xiv. 382 He respected the quest of School Colours.
1996 Civilization Mar. 24/3 (caption) Texas A&M graduates are intensely loyal—so loyal, in fact, that they are dying to be buried in their school colors.
school committee n. a committee involved in the management or maintenance of a school; esp. (a) (U.S.) = school board n. 1; (b) (New Zealand) a small group of parents and local residents elected to assist in the management of a state primary or intermediate school (now historical).
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society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > school board
school committee1747
school board1833
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > parent-teacher association
school committee1877
parent–teacher association1914
PTA1925
parents' meeting1956
1747 R. Canning Acct. Gifts & Legacies Ipswich 121 This Committee We shall call the School-Committee, to distinguish it from the other Charitable Committee.
1787 in C. O. Parmenter Hist. Pelham, Mass. (1898) 226 Voted Not to Devid the School Quarter where Dea. John Crawford is School Committee Man.
1877 Statutes N.Z. xxi. §58. 122 For every school district constituted under this Act there shall be a School Committee consisting of seven householders within the school district, to be elected as hereinafter provided.
1908 Times 10 Oct. 6/5 If the clergy, school committees, and others interested will make application to the superintendent of the park..they will receive early intimation of the number of plants that can be allotted to each applicant.
1961 Carterton District School Centennial Celebration 3 The school committee..agreed that a school rate of one pound per household would be levied in order that the school need not close its doors.
1998 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 20 Sept. 1 h At their best, school committees receive, shape and implement the local community's intentions.
school council n. a body of people elected or appointed to advise or govern a school; (now spec.) a council of students representing the pupils of a school.
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1838 Examiner 11 Feb. 3/1 Could a reverend gentleman who writes in this fashion hope..to obtain a vote for the school council?
1978 High School Jrnl. 61 256 The school council, as defined by the Department of Education, was to be a consultative body within each school.
2009 K. Brown & S. Fairbrass Citizenship Teacher's Handbk. v. 79 As with any school council, it will flourish or wither based on the capacity of students and teachers to work together in partnership.
school councillor n. (a) [after German Schulrat (17th cent.)] (in Prussia) a government official in charge of education for a particular region (now historical); (b) a member of a school council.
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1833 Amer. Ann. Educ. Dec. 552 This regency..has within it a number of departmental-councillors..charged with different functions, and among others a special councillor for the primary schools, styled School councillor.
1928 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 11 Jan. 8/3 The new members were told features of the junior high school by L. P. Farris, principal, and Miss Lou De La Mater, school councillor.
1983 Central European Hist. 16 46 (note) Every school councillor directed local schools in accordance with his own judgment.
2011 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 19 Nov. 36 The four Year 6 School Councillors..represented St. Michael's School at the Remembrance Sunday Parade.
school counsellor n. †(a) [after German Schulrat (see school councillor n.)] = school councillor n. (a) (obsolete rare); (b) a person trained to give guidance to students on academic, vocational, or personal matters.
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1829 Biblical Repertory 5 131 The first of these divisions, together with the ‘clerical and school counsellors’, constitutes the third governing body.
1915 School Rev. 23 111 The vocational counselor, or perhaps we should say the school counselor, may properly conceive her duties as..the functions indicated immediately preceding. She should..be a source of guidance..to the child in his several relations in the home, the school, and the workshop.
1926 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 5 Mar. 22/8 Miss Allen acts as school counselor in Seymour School.
2006 R. Schollaert Spirals of Change xviii. 273 After a year the school counsellor observed considerable improvement in the interpersonal relationships of the group members.
school crossing n. (originally) a level crossing situated near a school; (later) a supervised road crossing for schoolchildren near the entrance to a school.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > part where pedestrians can cross > supervised crossing
school crossing1951
1892 Ann. Rep. Board of Railroad Commissioners Iowa Index 935 School crossing.
1908 J. Richman & I. R. Wallach Good Citizenship xii. 101 The policeman at the school crossing would be glad to have the club help him get the little children safely over the street.
1951 Sunday Pict. 21 Jan. 4/3 The warning signs brandished by Bristol's school-crossing wardens are so large that wardens find it hard to keep both feet on the ground in a strong wind.
2010 Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 July Opponents of speed cameras are always depicted as..Top Gear-addicted petrolheads who..are hell-bent on mowing down children on school crossings.
schooldame n. now historical the mistress of a small school for young children; = dame n. 3; also figurative.
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society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > elementary teacher
schooldame1577
abecedary1596
dame1641
kindergarten teacher1863
kindergartener1868
infant mistress1921
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Oiijv Compare your former luste, vnto your after witte, For wisedome sayes for Vertues schoole dame Follie is not fitte.
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. v. 94 We could suppose our Senses to be the School-Dames that first taught us the Alphabet of this learning.
1709 J. Green Diary 2 Dec. in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1869) X. 84 Paid ye school dame.
1852 T. Parker Ten Serm. Relig. (1863) i. 10 He must study the anicular lines on the school-dame's slate.
1919 A. J. Todd Sci. Spirit & Social Work viii. 165 They represent the same unproductive state of mind manifested by the old schooldame who said, ‘It's but little they pays me and it's but little I teaches them’.
2003 Hist. Educ. Q. 43 367 In the 1690s almost all towns transformed the traditional Latin master into the town schoolmaster,..whose work was sometimes supplemented by that of female teachers called schooldames.
school desegregation n. U.S. (now historical) the abolition of racial segregation in schools.
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1953 Washington Post 14 Nov. 6/3 Mrs Butcher..will speak on ‘Why School Desegregation?’
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 20 June 11- e/6 President Ford heard pro and con views on busing as a remedy for school desegregation from school superintendents and principals.
2004 P. C. Murray Methodists & Crucible of Race vii. 166 The success of desegregation of public facilities and the widening of school desegregation undermined the forces of continued resistance.
school dinner n. (originally) a dinner party given by a school; (later) a (cooked) meal provided for schoolchildren in the middle of the day; cf. school lunch n. at Compounds 1a, school meal n. at Compounds 1a.
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1812 H. B. Wilson Hist. Merchant-Taylors School 387 The company had appointed but two stewards, instead of three, to bear the expense of the school-dinner.
1891 T. H. Teegan Elem. Educ. in France xvii. 121 About £20000 is now annually expended in supplying school dinners for children... These dinners are given free to those who are unable to pay, or at a fixed rate to those who can.
1963 New Society 22 Aug. 5/1 That inevitable horror, the school dinner.
2007 Park Home & Holiday Caravan Jan. 79/2 Patronising and sadistic teachers, pointless lessons and sick-making school dinners characterised many an unhappy adolescence.
school dinner lady n. British a woman employed to prepare, serve, or supervise the midday meal at a school; = dinner lady n. at dinner n. Compounds 3.
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1969 Guardian 25 Aug. 13/5 Their father could have worked on a farm and I could have been a school dinner lady.
1990 R. Pilcher September (1991) 73 She was the school dinner-lady and served out the midday meal.
2002 Independent 13 Mar. i. 4/3 A group of school dinner ladies, cleaners and caretakers are to share almost £1m after waiting three years for the outcome of an equal pay case.
school district n. North American a geographical area, typically comprising several towns, in which public schools are jointly administered.
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society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > district
school district1794
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > for other specific purposes
school rick1773
school district1794
district1854
highway parish1862
catchment area1945
1794 Acts & Laws Connecticut 478 That the several School districts in this State..shall have power and authority to tax themselves for the purpose of building and repairing a school-house in every such district.
1849 E. Chamberlain Indiana Gazetteer (ed. 3) 196 There are in the County..school houses in which schools are kept, a portion of the year, in most of the school districts.
1903 A. B. Hart Actual Govt. 542 The smallest unit of school administration is the school district, which in many States has its own board, raises its own taxes, and appoints its own teachers.
2001 Sat. Night (Toronto) 23 June 26/1 The man I married had been hired by the local school district.
school drilling n. now rare training in military exercises given at school.
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1824 A. Dods Pathol. Observ. Spine iv. 150 If school-drilling, and the different instruments used in it, be wholly laid aside, and shall give place to the sergeant's, then I consider it may have a good effect.
1865 Social Sci. Rev. 1 June 535 In my opinion..school drilling and training would prove of the utmost consequence to the boys in after life.
1914 E. R. Pennell Our Philadelphia ix. 214 There was no special training for the patriot when I was young—no school drilling, with flags, to national music.
school eleven n. the cricket team of a school.
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1841 Bell's Life in London 18 July A match was played..between the school eleven and an eleven [of] Oxonians.
1939 D. Whipple Priory xv. 178 He had captained his school eleven with such distinction that his head master..said with some emotion that he hoped to see him captain England.
2002 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 16 Nov. 38 More than 1600 matches against school elevens and other collections of young players.
school feast n. now historical a tea party or picnic given for village schoolchildren.
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the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > tea-party
school feast1708
tea1738
tea-treatc1748
tea-visit1765
tea-party1778
tea-drinking1781
thé1788
tea junketing1820
tea-night1823
tea-shine1838
tea-fight1849
tea soirée1850
muffin-worry1859
kettledrum1861
muffin-fight1876
pink tea1883
bun-worry1889
train tea1895
tea-meeting1897
bun-struggle1899
American tea1915
silver tea1921
bunfight1928
society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > tea- or coffee-party > for school-children
school feast1708
tea-treatc1748
the world > food and drink > food > meal > picnic or packed meal > [noun]
picnic1748
tea-treatc1748
a kettle of fish1791
scram1831
picnic meal1839
box supper1851
basket-meeting1859
picnic lunch1865
picnic tea1869
school feast1879
basket picnic1882
box lunch1889
basket dinner1892
basket lunch1905
packed lunch1906
sack lunch1972
brown-bag lunch1976
1708 H. Nelson (title) Charity and unity. In a sermon preach'd at the Hertford School-feast, August 19. 1707.
1879 M. E. Braddon Vixen I. xvii. 325 The school-feast was fixed..for the Wednesday in Whitsun week.
2005 Mod. Lang. Rev. 100 204 Treats such as school feasts and picnics were introduced together with..clubs for wives and mothers.
school fee n. a payment made for tuition (and sometimes boarding) at a school (usually in plural).
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > payments for other specific services
barber feec1380
alnage1418
school fee1512
pinlocka1525
warden-fee1531
wait fee1563
fullage1611
pipe-moneya1637
marriage money1674
sharping-corn1681
spy-money1713
crimpage1732
cooperage1755
stirrup money1757
stub-money1776
membership fee1860
1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 242 In haill payment of half ane ȝeris burd and scoile fee.
1680 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 62 I Andrew Ross delyver to Maister Walter Ross..£20 Scots in the first end of his skool fies.
1761 tr. Frederician Code II. ii. vii. 270 School-fees should not be included in the legitim, because they belong to the education of children.
1870 Act 33 & 34 Victoria c. 75 §25 The school board may, if they think fit,..pay the whole or any part of the school fees payable at any public elementary school by any child [etc.].
1958 ‘J. Castle’ & A. Hailey Flight into Danger 17 Pay off the bills—the new water tank, school fees, instalments on the Chev.
2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 29 June (Money & You section) 3/1 Parents are favouring direct debits..for paying school fees in the competitive independent education market.
school fete n. a festival at a school; spec. an event organized by a school (typically to raise money for a charity or for the school itself), and featuring bazaars, amusements, competitions, etc.
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1820 W. Wilberforce in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce Life W. Wilberforce (1838) V. xxxiv. 51 A great party at his school fête.
1900 All Ireland Rev. 1 4 I was at a very pleasant school fete yesterday.
2007 R. A. Collins Can't you control your Child xii. 108 On one occasion, at the school fête, a female police officer was sitting in her panda car when Daniel stuck his hand in the window and blasted the horn.
school French n. the French language as learnt in school, esp. when basic or incorrect; cf. schoolboy French n. at schoolboy n. Compounds 3, schoolgirl French n. at schoolgirl n. Compounds 2.
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1799 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 1798 2 194 So off she flew, to learn the sharp and flat, To jabber school-French, and the Lord knows what.
1837 J. C. Maitland Lett. from Madras (1843) xv. 145 About half of them know the language well, and the rest speak it like school-French.
1974 H. Secombe Twice Brightly 141 ‘Bonjour,’ he said, risking his school French.
2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 6 Feb. a17 Her school French is imperfect.
† school gait n. Obsolete = school pace n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > special movements performed by trained horse > [noun] > step or manoeuvre taught in school
school gait1705
school pace1705
school air1884
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. i. at School A School Pace, Gait or Going, is the same with Ecoutè [Fr. un pas d'école, ou un pas ecouté].
1885 T. A. Dodge Patroclus & Penelope 130 The traverse is a School gait rarely needed on the road.
school gallop n. now rare a slow, controlled gallop, as used by a horse in performing dressage; cf. hand-gallop n. 1.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > special movements performed by trained horse > [noun] > types of gallop
gallopade1753
school gallop1759
1759 T. Wallis Farrier's & Horseman's Compl. Dict. at Gallop A short light gallop, i. e. a slow gallop. We also say a hand gallop, a canterbury gallop, a school gallop &c.
1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship 148 The School Gallop is a pace of four beats, and is procured from the ordinary gallop by demanding a close union, and by sustaining the forehand with the reins [etc.].
1911 M. C. Grimsgaard Orig. Handbk. for Riders 318 The Terre a Terre is a school-jump executed with all four legs and while in the school-gallop.
school-goer n. a person that attends school.
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1843 Physical & Moral Condition of Children & Young Persons employed in Mines & Manuf. x. 214 They pay the school-goers short-time wages.
1975 Times Lit. Suppl. 31 Oct. 1295/3 Bonvesin is mainly known to the Italian school-goer for a gloomy and somewhat conventional account of the torments of hell.
2009 Ireland's Eye Jan. 17/4 The library will be used as a place of study and recreation by adults and school-goers alike.
school-going n. and adj. (a) n. attendance at school; (b) adj. that attends school.
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society > education > learning > [adjective] > going to school
school-going1815
schooling1836
society > education > learning > [noun] > attendance at school
schoolOE
school-going1896
1815 Philanthropist 5 195 In every two families there is one child of the school-going age.
1847 J. Gregg Observ. Sunday-school Instr. 62 If they are sick, visit them; a house-going teacher will have a school-going class.
1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago 78 School-going was a practice best never begun.
1900 Daily News 1 June 6/4 93,000 school-going children.
1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Colour Mag.) 6/4 Her..two elder brothers, Dipu and Rajan (also schoolgoing) struck a chord in me.
2001 J. Seabrook Freedom Unfinished vi. 204 You can learn in the pagoda, but school-going is very low.
school hall n. [attested earlier in a surname: John de Scolehalle (1375); compare earlier schoolhouse n.] †(a) the room or building in which university disputations were held (obsolete); (b) the assembly hall of a school.
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society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > lecture or disputation rooms
school hallc1450
public school1582
golgotha1726
lecture-room1817
lecture-theatre1849
lecture-hall1967
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 46 (MED) Oonis y siȝ him spute in þe scoole halle; He..argued aȝens þe maistris alle.
1509 Parlyament Deuylles (de Worde) sig. A.iiiv I wyst hym [sc. Jesus] neuer go to scole And yet I sawe hym dyspute in the scole hall.
1693 Mem. for Ingenious Jan. lviii. 19 The ancient Philosopher, who to elude the objection drawn from the impossibility of motion,..began to walk into his School-hall.
1783 tr. Comtesse de Genlis Adelaide & Theodore II. 215 The day before yesterday, that I intended for the funeral, I went at the time appointed into the school-hall.
1866 Contemp. Rev. 1 92 It has often gone to our heart to see the poor little new-boy, forlorn..amid the unsympathizing throng in the school-hall.
1933 A. Thirkell High Rising viii. 161 Amy took Laura over to the school hall.
1998 G. Phinn Other Side of Dale (1999) xv. 162 Mums and dads, grannies and grampas,..filled the school hall for the nativity play, the highlight of the school year.
† school hire n. Obsolete = school wage n.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for tuition
school hire1440
school wage1542
culet1550
feec1616
tutorage1721
premium1765
tuition1828
school penny1841
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 449 Scole hyre, scolagium.
c1460 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Royal 17 D.xv) (1940) l. 302 Scole huyre [c1405 Hengwrt He..gan for the soules preye Of hem that yaf hym wher with to scoleye].
1588 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 182 For schole heir of the childer, for twoe wekes, 1s. 2d. More paid to Mr. Turpen, that was owne for Abraham schole heir, 8s.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1099 Schooling or school-hire, minerval.
school holiday n. each of the periods of the year between terms during which there is no school; usually in plural.
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society > education > educational administration > [noun] > session or term > holidays
vacationc1456
school vacation1718
summer holiday1746
school holiday1777
society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > holidays > specific type
summer vacation1507
public holiday1736
summer holiday1746
school holiday1777
Cook's tour1856
alcoholiday1877
busman's holiday1893
caravan holiday1899
caravanning holiday1924
staycation1944
spring break1956
farm stay1957
charter1959
ski pack1969
staycation2008
1777 tr. in J. Brand Observ. Pop. Antiq. App. 364 Nicholas, Bishop. School Holidays [L. Scholarum feriae].
1870 Dublin Univ. Mag. Oct. 397/2 Most of us remember what interest we took in a game of cricket during those school holidays.
1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. i. 17 Harry must often have remembered Wishwood—The nursery tea, the school holiday.
1994 G. Lehmann Spring Forest 9 In the long school holidays in summer I'd be out in the orchard.
school hour n. (in plural) the time during which a day's school takes place.
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the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > a calculated space of time > office, business, or school hours
school hour1581
hours of business1693
business hours1767
schoolday1840
times1847
hours1852
society > education > learning > [noun] > attendance at school > time of
school hour1581
schooldays1597
year1607
school years1738
school time1754
school-tide1808
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 277 All children cannot kepe all houres, though the schoole houres must still be certaine.
1682 J. Collins Let. 16 May in I. Newton Corr. (1960) II. 377 In revising ye proofs whereof, out of Schoole-hours, ye pains of such a person will be of singular use.
1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 137 Out of School-Hours.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 60 The school hours were long and Tom's patience short.
1949 L. G. Green In Land of Afternoon 145 Itinerant teachers..were nevertheless expected to help in the farm work after school hours.
2005 L. Leblanc Pretty in Punk Appendix 246 She..spends much of her time outside school hours traveling around the country.
school inspector n. an officer appointed, typically by the state, to inspect and report on the condition of schools and teaching.
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society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > inspector
scholarch1756
school inspector1797
1797 J. Robison Proofs of Conspiracy ii. 203 The Illuminati..Socher, School Inspector.
1838 F. B. Hawkins Germany xii. 201 Every department has a board of education, which employs school-inspectors.
1924 M. Kennedy Constant Nymph xiv. 190 He knows too much about everything..being a school inspector.
2008 A. Crumey Sputnik Caledonia iii. vii. 491 The arse-licking toady free-lunched his way from Trotskyite shop steward to respectable school inspector.
school inspectorship n. the position or office of school inspector.
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society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > inspector > office of
scholarchate1762
school inspectorship1827
1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. P. F. Richter in German Romance III. 272 It brought a soft benignant warmth over his heart, to think that he, who had once ducked under a School-inspectorship [Ger. Scholarchat], was now one himself.
1911 H. Walpole Mr. Perrin & Mr. Traill iii. 47 He saw himself at Eton or Harrow, or a school-inspectorship.
1996 Guardian (Nexis) 10 June 6 A head teacher..has had the offer of a school inspectorship temporarily withdrawn.
school journal n. New Zealand (the title of) a periodical containing a range of educational material, published by the State and distributed free to all primary schools.
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1907 App. Jrnls. House of Representatives N.Z. (3rd Sess. 16th Parl.) III. E.–1 e. 6 I might mention..the School Journal, because it will give an opportunity of explaining the place it should occupy in the school system.
1935 ‘J. Guthrie’ Little Country v. 102 The word [sc. Australasia] was expurgated from school journals.
2005 Evening Standard (Palmerston North, N.Z.) (Nexis) 11 June 22 Her comments about her work for school journals, the Sunshine books and other educational publishing.
school land n. land belonging to a school (also as a count noun, usually in plural); spec. (North American) land set apart for the financial support of a school or schools (cf. school section n.) (now historical).
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the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of
pounds worthOE
school land1466
shot1478
ground1548
officiary1594
canton1643
lotment1651
bovate1688
fraction1789
mahal1793
erf1812
fractional section1815
forty1845
tan1871
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > land yielding income > for specific purpose
school land1648
1466 in J. Cooper Cartularium Eccl. St. Nicholai Aberdonensis (1892) II. 330 Betuix the scoule lande on the west syde and the lande of..Duncane of buchan on the est syde.
c1567 in Trans. Shropshire Archaeol. Soc. (1880) 5 7 [The] woods growing..in and upon the Schoole lands, to be from tyme to tyme ymployed to the use of the repar'con of the Schoole house of the said town.
1648 in Suffolk Deeds (Suffolk County, Mass.) (1880) I. 91 Humphrey Johnson of Roxbury granted vnto Willim Chenie of Roxbury twenty Acres of land in Roxbury bounded with..the schoole lands.
1775 Let. 28 Feb. in Coll. New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. (1889) IX. 89 I might..lay out for the Clearing the School Lands to the amount of £500 Sterlg.
1885 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 147 Others claim they have purchased their lands from the State of Nevada under the school-land grant.
1952 D. F. Putnam Canad. Regions 372/2 Another factor in the land pattern was the reservation of certain parcels as school lands.
1996 Categories of Land Grants in Texas 4 Sale of the school lands began in 1874.
school law n. (a) a regulation governing the behaviour of pupils at a school; (b) a law regarding the institution or management of schools.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > body or system of > specific
church order1549
school rule?1574
school law1614
Law of Robotics1944
1614 J. Brinsley tr. M. Cordier Dialogues iv. xxxii. 443 There is a schoole law [L. lex est scholastica]: wherof this is the summe: Let boyes neither sell any thing, nor buy, nor change, nor alienate by any other meanes, without the commandement of their parents.
?1792 J. Stewart Trav. Most Interesting Parts Globe I. 65 They are assembled here as in a state of Nature, subject only to relaxed school laws.
1826 Republican Compiler (Pennsylvania) 8 Feb. An act repealing the school law of 1824, passed a third reading.
1893 Kilburn Man. Elem. Teaching xiii. 209 We must take care to keep the school laws.
1964 D. G. Petersen Elem. School Teacher iii. 114 Miss Cunningham's reaction did not mean that she was not seriously concerned about Rudy's breaking a school law.
1997 L. M. Getz Schools of their Own i. 18 The 1891 school law required school visitations and institutes to prepare teachers for certification.
school learning n. †(a) the knowledge of the schools (sense 12b); (also as a count noun) a particular doctrine or teaching; (b) education or knowledge received at school (cf. book learning n.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > intellectual command, mastery > [noun] > learning of the schools
school learningc1443
scholarism1588
society > education > [noun] > systematic education > education at school
schoolOE
schooling?1577
schoolation?1578
public education1581
schoolage1603
school learning1751
schoolmastering1830
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 465 (MED) Þis same seid symple leuyng to scripture and to doctouris schendiþ our verry scole leernyng and clergie.
a1583 H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 10 In the vniuersities men study onely schole learninges.
1682 Duke of Buckingham Chances i. vi. 7 Have I Known..all the ways of Wenches, Their Snares and Subtilties? have I read over All their School-learning, div'd into their Quiddits?
1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless I. i. 8 He having finished his school-learning, and was soon to go to the university.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 84 Mahomet..had no school-learning; of the thing we call school-learning none at all.
2004 W. Mosley Man in my Basement v. 33 Clarance usually tried to articulate in the ways of school learning... But when he got angry, he talked street.
school leaver n. a person who has just finished his or her time at school.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > one about to leave
Abiturient1842
leaver1910
school leaver1919
1919 Standards of Child Welfare U.S. Dept. Labor: Children's Bureau Publ. No. 60. 133 In general, one may assume that it is altogether too easy for school leavers to get jobs.
1966 P. Willmott Adolescent Boys E. London vi. 105 In theory, the youth employment service is available to help school leavers find suitable work.
2002 Australian 22 Jan. (Brisbane ed.) 6/1 The University of Melbourne yesterday tentatively claimed to have outscooped rivals in attracting the cream of school leavers.
school-leaving n. the completion of a person's time at school.Recorded earliest in school leaving certificate n.
ΚΠ
1868 M. Arnold Schools & Univ. on Continent xx. 228 For inscription on the university register the production of the school leaving certificate..is indispensable.
1964 in C. Hamblett & J. Deverson Generation X 144 There wasn't teenagery then; youth was school-leaving, job, National Service, and then marriage.
2005 K. MacNeil Stornoway Way 22 We're at that age—equidistant between school-leaving and being middle-aged—where we..dwell with a lazy intensity on the perfect strangers we were as we thresholded adulthood.
school-leaving age n. = leaving age n. at leaving n. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun] > specific age
yearOE
scorea1400
seventeena1568
threescorea1616
jubileea1640
military age1656
legal age1658
tecnogoniaa1676
sixty1717
forty1732
fifty1738
seven-year-old1762
teen1789
septuagenarianism1824
sexagenarianism1824
day-old1831
seventeen-year-old1858
centenarianism1863
roaring forties1867
twenties1874
leaving age1875
school-leaving age1881
octogenarianism1883
reading age1906
three1909
teenage1912
eleven-plus1937
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > school leaving age
leaving age1875
school-leaving age1881
1881 York Herald 15 Nov. 6/5 I would appeal to all that the young people in our midst,..when they reach the school-leaving age, shall have no let or hindrance put in their way.
1965 F. Sargeson in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1976) 2nd Ser. 9 I have my university qualifications, I am by profession an accountant... I am the end product of what may happen if you raise the school leaving age.
2009 Observer (Nexis) 19 Apr. 4 Darling... has also faced calls to bring forward plans to raise the school-leaving age from 16 to 18.
school leaving certificate n. (in various education systems) a certificate showing a person has completed his or her time at school, sometimes requiring the passing of an exam or exams.
ΚΠ
1868School leaving certificate [see school-leaving n.].
1901 Daily Chron. 21 Nov. 3/6 A..school-leaving certificate.
1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies iii. v. 266 Today she was coming home for good with a school leaving certificate under her belt.
school-made adj. made by a school or schools; (also) made at school.In quot. 1835: taught at a university; see sense 12b.
ΚΠ
1835 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 112 What the theological student is taught is, a school-made divinity compounded of what is called natural religion, metaphysical reasoning, and revealed articles of faith.
1847 Minutes Comm. Council Educ. 1846 II. 186 Each monitor has his appropriate manuscript manual of arithmetic and geography, and his school-made map, to help him in these departments.
1912 Educ. Bi-monthly Oct. 199 The parents, as well as the children, are beginning to recognize the economy of the school-made garment as compared with the ready-made articles.
1941 G. C. Booth (title) Mexico's school-made society.
2006 Western Mail (Nexis) 25 Mar. 27 The highlight of my day is likely to be seeing her face light up when I see her school-made gift.
† school mamma n. Obsolete = school mother n.
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society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolgirl > senior
school mother1826
school mamma1850
1850 J. F. Cooper Ways of Hour xxiv. 399 I see that all the useful lessons I gave you, as your school-mamma, are already forgotten.
1876 C. M. Yonge Womankind v. 31 The institution of ‘school mammas’ may secure a protector for each.
school method n. (a) the method of argument used in the schools (see sense 12b) (obsolete); (b) a theory of schoolteaching; the teaching system to be followed by a teacher in training (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > school-teaching > school method
school method1846
1650 G. Goodman Proposition sig. Bv I doe much commend the School method, which is first to make the strongest objections; then laying open the naked truth, and fortifying it with sound demonstrations and reasons.
1659 C. Hoole Disticha de Moribus sig. A2 I shall now freely impart my School Method.
1732 Bibliotheca Sacra in S. D'Oyly & J. Colson tr. A. Calmet Hist. Dict. Holy Bible III. 350/1 He is adverse to the School Method, and his way of explaining Scripture is very pleasing to M. Simon.
1846 Minutes Comm. Council Educ. 1845 II. 335 One part of school method forms the art of communicating knowledge, whether to numbers or to individuals.
1917 J. D. Beresford & K. Richmond W. E. Ford ix. 194 A description of a typical staff-meeting discussion of school method.
2004 W. Robinson Power to Teach 14 In 1905, Dexter and Garlick's work on school method, argued that the art of teaching was the medium of the ‘what’ (curriculum) and the ‘how’ (method) of teaching.
school milk n. milk provided to children in school, esp. at a reduced cost or free of charge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > milk provided at school
school milk1886
1886 Harper's Mag. Dec. 32/2 As old Squeers said about the school milk, ‘There's richness for you!’
1935 Times 14 Jan. 18/6 Some 2,000,000 children received school milk daily during that month.
2005 J. More in V. Shaw & M. Lawson Clin. Paediatric Dietetics (ed. 3) xxvii. 534/1 Subsidised school milk is available for primary school children. In England schools choose whether they wish to offer it.
school mother n. a person who takes the role of a mother for a child or children at school; spec. an older girl at a girls' school chosen to look after one or more younger ones (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolgirl > senior
school mother1826
school mamma1850
1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 30 I..provided myself with a school-mother, a fine tall blooming girl.
1891 ‘Embe’ Stiya i. 4 My school-mother, in a voice so tender I shall never forget, said, ‘My dear girl, you must stop crying’.
1907 Bk. Rev. Digest 3 405/2 A boarding-school story for girls whose chief interest centers about a contest which is designed to reveal the girl best fitted to become the school-mother of a motherless child.
2002 F. Ware in J. J. Irvine In Search of Wholeness ii. 37 The teachers in Lipman's work were school mothers and advocates for students who were identified as at risk.
school night n. (a) an evening or night on which schooling takes place (now rare); (b) a night before a morning on which one must get up for school or (humorously) work.
ΚΠ
1772 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 22 Sept. Mr. Patence begs leave to inform the Public in general, that his School Nights begin on Wednesday evening next.
1852 S. Osborn Stray Leaves from Arctic Jrnl. 169 If it was school night, the voluntary pupils went to their tasks, the masters to their posts.
1920 N. W. Shefferman Employm. Methods 495 On the last school night of each week the teacher will give each man a card showing his attendance for that week.
1931 J. K. Folsom Social Psychol. viii. 376 In the upper three years of high school the chief source [of friction] is the number of times they go out on school nights and the hour they get in at night.
1991 Life Nov. 54 (caption) Up late on a school night, Miss Terry wonders, ‘What if five hours' sleep and strong coffee won't cut it’?
2001 K. Izzo & C. Marsh Fabulous Girl's Guide to Decorum 288 ‘OK, gang, it's a school night and I've got to get to bed’ is not rude.
school pace n. [after French pas d'école (1682 in the passage translated in quot. 1705)] any of the paces used by a horse in performing dressage; cf. school gait n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > special movements performed by trained horse > [noun] > step or manoeuvre taught in school
school gait1705
school pace1705
school air1884
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. i. at School A School Pace, Gait or Going, is the same with Ecoutè [Fr. un pas d'école, ou un pas ecouté].
1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. ii. 66 When steady, ‘Trot Short’—Collect the horses to the school pace again.
1906 C. S. Goldman tr. F. von Bernhardi Cavalry in Future Wars ii. ii. 190 It is not to be expected that these school paces should be ridden as yet in perfect form.
2006 P. Schofler Flight without Wings ix. 132 The test includes all the school paces and all the fundamental airs of the Classical High School.
school penny n. British (now historical) (in plural as school pence) a small sum of money paid weekly for tuition in an elementary school; cf. penny n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for tuition
school hire1440
school wage1542
culet1550
feec1616
tutorage1721
premium1765
tuition1828
school penny1841
1841 30th Ann. Rep. National Soc. for promoting Educ. of Poor 22/2 (advt.) The Stipend offered is 45l. per annum, together with the School Pence.
1889 19th Cent. Oct. 741 The parents are to pay schoolpence.
1999 T. May Victorian Schoolroom 13 (caption) Some children, including many orphans, were utterly destitute and were quite unable to pay the ‘school pence’ demanded by voluntary schools.
school phobia n. Psychology excessive and apparently irrational anxiety about or fear of attending school.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > irrational fears
pneumatophobia1678
hydrophobia1760
aerophobia1771
panophobia1784
phobia1786
pantophobia1807
necrophobia1833
phoby1834
syphilomania1838
hippophobia1840
phonophobia1841
syphilophobia1842
scotophobia1844
astrophobia1855
sitomania1859
sitophobia1859
thanatophobia1860
Satanophobia1861
batrachophobia1863
panphobia1870
agoraphobia1871
bogyphobia1872
pathophobia1873
aquaphobia1875
toxiphobia1876
claustrophobia1879
cynophobia1879
mysophobia1879
siderodromophobia1879
phthisiophobia1883
sitiophobia1884
ochlophobia1885
sitiomania1887
acrophobia1888
zoophobia1888
leprophobia1889
nosophobia1889
pamphobia1890
bacteriophobia1894
tuberculophobia1894
taeniiphobia1897
thalassophobia1897
topophobia1899
dysmorphophobia1900
akathisia1903
cremnophobia1903
musicophobia1903
ailurophobia1905
brontophobia1905
phobism1914
arachnophobia1925
school phobia1930
coprophobia1934
mycophobia1957
arachniphobia1966
computer phobia1972
coulrophobia1997
1930 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 3 Oct. 28/4 (headline) Parents think boy has school phobia.
1941 A. M. Johnson in Amer. Jrnl. Orthopsychiatry Oct. 702 The syndrome, often referred to as ‘school phobia’, is recognizable by the intense terror associated with being at school.
1959 Times 24 Nov. 13/3 Wherein is school-phobia different from the traditional reluctance which was met by old-fashioned compulsion?
1980 Daily Tel. 19 Nov. 15/5 By that time, the more timid boy had been brought to the verge of school-phobia by it all.
2005 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Apr. 836/1 School phobia, also called school refusal, is defined as a persistent and irrational fear of going to school.
school-phobic n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > having irrational fears
hydrophobous1748
necrophobic1857
pantophobic1857
agoraphobic1878
claustrophobic1889
pantophobous1893
phobic1897
ailurophobic1905
claustrophobiac1934
scotophobic1936
phobiac1944
mycophobic1957
school-phobic1960
aquaphobic1968
ochlophobic1976
computer-phobic1983
arachniphobe1984
1960 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 27/2 In the case of the school phobic, the basic fear was largely that of leaving mother.
1977 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 22 Oct. 28/7 A psychiatrist..said mothers of school-phobic children are over-protective.
1981 Lancashire Life Jan. 25/2 We now have a new word for it... The ‘school-phobic’ says Lancashire Education Authority, is clearly intimidated by being required to attend school.
2008 Sunday Express (Nexis) 31 Aug. (Features section) 64 Lucy became schoolphobic, with tears over the breakfast table every morning.
school photo n. = school photograph n.
ΚΠ
1895 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 28 Dec. 3 School photos, made by the American View company.
1984 L. Erdrich Love Med. (1989) v. 77 Part of Bev's pitch, and the one that usually sold the books, was to show the wife or husband a wallet-sized school photo of his son.
2009 Illawarra (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 2 Oct. 14 A black and white school photo from class 4B in 1973, in which every child is named except for one boy.
school photograph n. a (formal) photograph taken at school of a student, class, the whole school, etc.
ΚΠ
1858 M. Carpenter Let. 5 July in J. E. Carpenter Life & Work Mary Carpenter (1879) vii. 250 I showed him an old school photograph which I keep in my Kingswood relic box; he was much pleased and went off to get me one stylishly got up of his present self.
1944 Life 9 Oct. 65/1 (caption) School photographs of the innkeeper's son.
2004 V. McDermid Torment of Others (2005) 6 The school photograph resembled a million others.
school reader n. originally and chiefly U.S. a school textbook or reading book; cf. reader n. 6.
ΚΠ
1823 J. Pierpont Amer. First Class Bk. 3 Such deviations... relate principally to the omission of some things that are usually deemed essential to a school-reader.
1912 K. F. Oswell & C. B. Gilbert 3rd Reader p. v While children are interested in fairy tales, they are also interested in real people, and this interest should be fostered in the school readers.
2008 M. Fox Reading Magic xv. 149 The book he or she is trying to read may be..too difficult, or a total yawn: a school reader for example.
school recess n. (originally) a school holiday; (later also) (chiefly North American) a break between school classes, typically used for loosely organized recreational activities; cf. recess n. 5b.
ΚΠ
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 367 They have her, at all her little School Recesses, at their House, and are very kind to her.
1843 H. B. Stowe Mayflower 158 Mr. William..found himself unaccountably lonesome during school recess for dinner.
1904 World's Work Feb. 4487/1 Facilities offered in the higher schools for the pupils to purchase healthful food at low prices during the school recesses.
1959 E. Mphahlele Down Second Ave iv. 31 We missed going to the market to work for a few shillings..during school recess.
2003 T. Kay Valley of Light xvii. 145 Once, Jack Purvis and some of his friends had pulled him away at school recess and had stripped him of his clothes behind a hedgerow.
school report n. = report n. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > report
report1835
school report1840
report card1869
1840 Common School Jrnl. (Boston) 15 June 186 If such cards were printed in large quantities, with no other heading than the words, ‘School Report’, so that they might be used by any teacher, they could..be furnished extremely cheap.
1874 C. M. Yonge Lady Hester ix. 205 Feeling very happy over the best school report of our boy we had ever had.
1958 J. Cannan And be Villain iv. 109 As his school reports revealed..he was useless at games.
2009 S. Waters Little Stranger vi. 167 He sounded almost sulky now—like a boy trying to argue down a bad school report.
school reunion n. originally U.S. (originally) a school social gathering; (later) spec. a social gathering attended by former pupils of a school, college, or university, often organized to mark a certain number of years since graduation; cf. class reunion n. at class n. and adj. Compounds 1c.
ΚΠ
1856 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 13 Oct. 3/3 Mr. Swett's School Reunion. On Saturday the pupils of Grammar School No. 1, under charge of Mr. Swett, spent the afternoon very pleasantly at Rass' Gardens.
1869 Cambr. City (Indiana) Tribune 23 Dec. 3/4 The people of town..are taking..such a lively interest in the school reunion and festival to be held at the new building this evening.
1914 Libraries May 219/2 There were 53 present at the school reunion at the Hotel Gordon.
2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 May 16 I'm facing a 20-year school reunion this summer, and realised that I've only stayed in touch with those with whom I played sport.
school rider n. a horse rider who has been taught in a riding school, esp. in the performance of dressage.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > rider > [noun] > skilled rider
horseman1583
school rider1852
workman1868
1852 L. E. Nolan Training of Cavalry Remount Horses 56 This article..will take from the mountebank the sort of superiority assumed over ‘school riders’.
1905 Country Life 5 Aug. 179/2 A school-rider cannot be too careful to avoid unrestrained and exaggerated leg-motion.
2004 M. Russell & A. W. Steele Lessons in Lightness (2007) i. 3 The competitive school rider actively uses the leg, seat, and hand in the horse's gymnasticing process.
school riding n. horse riding as taught in a riding school; dressage.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding
equitation1562
horsemanship1566
cavalry1591
cavallerice1607
manège1814
school riding1859
equestrianism1872
equestrianizing1886
monkey drill1906
1859 J. R. Dunbar Park Riding 4 Riding masters..insist that it [sc. the menage] must ever remain to be the foundation of all good riding. This for school riding is quite correct.
1901 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 715/2 Exhibitions of school riding are often given in a circus.
2008 G. R. Gems et al. Sports in Amer. Hist. i. 19 These displays—as well as school riding generally, with its predetermined configurations—necessitated a move to special outdoor and indoor arenas.
schoolrod n. [compare German Schulrute (Middle High German schuolruot)] now historical a stick or cane used as an instrument of punishment for schoolchildren; cf. rod n.1 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > cane
reedOE
cane1590
schoolrod1633
rattan1657
rattan cane1681
rattan stick1812
swish-whip1845
swish1860
swish-cane1891
starter1905
1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore v. sig. I2 A Schoole-rod keepes a child in awe.
1861 J. Vickers New Koran of Pacifican Friendhood xxvi. 544/1 Thou shalt rule them with a barbarous and old-fashioned school-rod rather than let them rebel.
1994 M. C. Glenn in R. D. Gray & M. A. Morrison New Perspectives on Early Republic iv. 466 The antebellum campaign against the schoolrod reflected this larger reassessment of physical coercion.
school rule n. (originally) a principle or doctrine of the schools (sense 12b); (later) a regulation governing the behaviour of pupils at a school.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > body or system of > specific
church order1549
school rule?1574
school law1614
Law of Robotics1944
?1574 C. Vitell tr. H. Niclaes Dicta xvi. f. 38 The first Schoole-rule [Du. Schoel-recht] of ye gracious Woorde and his Seruice of Loue. That is, to make-manifest their whole Heart by their Elder in the Familie of the Loue of Iesu Christ.
1641 H. L'Estrange Gods Sabbath 113 That School-rule may fit them well, They oblige alwayes, but not upon all occasions.
1714 J. Wyng Reasons Humbly Offer'd 20 According to School-Rules, no Man is oblig'd to prove a Negative.
1769 Welch Piety 26 Richard Williams..hath behaved well and agreeable to the School Rules.
1864 M. Creighton Let. 24 Aug. in Life & Lett. (1904) I. i. 12 Fellows won't stand being pulled up for breaking one school rule, when they know you break another.
1936 A. Huxley Eyeless in Gaza vi. 65 It was against the school rules to go up into the dorms during the day.
1997 J. K. Rowling Harry Potter & Philosopher's Stone ix. 115 Harry felt he was pushing his luck, breaking another school rule today.
school run n. (a) Rugby School any of several cross-country races; (b) British a journey taken by car to convey (one's) children to and from school, esp. on a regular basis.
ΚΠ
1865 Bell's Life in London 7 Jan. 7/4 Throughout the months of October and November there are always six or seven Big Side i.e. School runs, besides in many cases the same number of ‘house runs’ which a boy has an opportunity of running.
1903 Sat. Rev. 14 Mar. 321/1 ‘Runs’, which other schools call paper chases, are as great an institution at Rugby as ever they were; there are house runs and school runs.
1930 Windsor Mag. Mar. 456/1 It is not, however, ‘Barby Hill’, but ‘Crick’ which is the most famous of the School runs.
1969 Spectator 6 Sept. 298/2 The school run is a twenty-five mile round trip, so a car depreciates more quickly and we get through a lot of petrol.
2005 Asian Women Feb. 244/1 You can keep your fat gas-guzzling Chelsea tractors for your ubiquitous one-mile school runs.
school-scholar n. now chiefly U.S. (historical and rare) a person who is being or has been educated at a school.In early use chiefly with modifying adjective indicating degree of competence, as good, moderate, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > person with school-learning
scholara1644
school-scholar1692
literate1875
1692 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 226 He was a good School-scholar, had a command of his Engl. and Lat. pen.
a1734 R. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North (1744) 2 In the End, he came out a moderate School-scholar.
1806 R. Cumberland Mem. 195 My eldest son Richard went through Westminster with the reputation of an excellent school-scholar.
1899 Gen. School Laws Michigan 102 Any five or more persons of full age..may associate and incorporate themselves together for the purpose of establishing loan-funds for the benefit of school scholars and students of this State.
1964 A. G. Sneller Vanished World 335 There was no other kind of scholar in town, but ‘school-scholar’ was so generally said that we never thought of it as queer.
school section n. North American an area of land of which the revenue is used by a government for the building and maintenance of schools; cf. school land n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > section of land set apart for public schools
school section1812
1812 J. Melish Trav. in U.S.A. II. xxv. 229 The whole of the township was good, and so much improved that the school section was leased for 56 dollars per annum.
1881 Edmonton Bull. 5 Nov. 3/2 Sections which should be available for school sections are already occupied..by the Syndicate for station grounds and other purposes.
1996 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 30 Nov. 15 The U.S. government is still refusing to turn over land of equal value for school sections that were allotted to Utah when it became a state.
school ship n. now chiefly U.S. a ship used for instruction and training in practical seamanship; a training vessel. [Compare French école school ship (1691, obsolete in this sense), vaisseau-école (1862 or earlier), German Schulschiff (1798 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > [noun] > educational institution > other types of
academya1583
military school1673
evening school1742
city farm1750
night school1780
school ship1785
neighbourhood school1842
academy school1852
writing school1928
juku1962
society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > other types of educational buildings
school ship1785
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > vessel used for seamanship training
school ship1785
1785 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 905/2 A small vessel, as an hospital ship,..should attend the great school-ship.
1841 Southern Literary Messenger 7 7/2 The means of creating officers [for the navy]..are to be derived from the school-ship.
1932 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 19/1 The U.S.S. Newport..was the next school ship.
2008 Jrnl. Commerce (Nexis) 6 Oct. 34 Next year, it will fit the school ship Golden Bear, operated by the California Maritime Academy, to provide a test platform on the West Coast.
school spirit n. chiefly North American a spirit of pride or camaraderie among the students of a school (or college, etc.), (in later use) esp. in the context of expressing support for the school's sports teams.
ΚΠ
1853 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 30 Mar. 1/2 In respect of school-spirit, order and general deportment some improvement has been made.
1920 Sunday Times (New Brunswick, New Jersey) 7 Mar. 16/1 The school held a mass meeting in the auditorium to practice cheers and instill school spirit into the students for the game with Rutgers Prep.
2005 M. Doscher College Prowler: Yale Univ. 122 School spirit is strong at Yale. When you walk down the street, you see students parading in Yale clothing and accessories.
school subject n. a subject of study at school.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > class-subject
class subject1838
school subject1846
1846 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 9 194 At Oxford he finds all these school subjects admitted as essential requisites for academical honours.
1922 H. E. Palmer Everyday Sentences in Spoken Eng. p. v English is no longer either an abhorred school-subject nor a fascinating literary hobby.
1992 Stornoway Gaz. 18 Apr. 2/6 Over the past ten years or so there has been a marked increase in interest in, and demand for, Gaelic as a school subject.
school-tide n. now poetic and rare = school time n. (b).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [noun] > attendance at school > time of
school hour1581
schooldays1597
year1607
school years1738
school time1754
school-tide1808
1808 W. Scott Autobiogr. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) I. 45 My greatest intimate, from the days of my school-tide was Mr John Irving.
1892 M. O'Connor Morris Memini ii. 30 My school tide was spent in Worcestershire.
1910 Woodland (Calif.) Daily Democrat 15 June As school-tide nears, the pulsing years Take up lifes choral harmony.
school time n. (a) the time at which the school day starts, or the period of the day during which school takes place; (b) the period of a person's life during which he or she is at school; a person's schooldays.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > set time of attendance > school day according to duration
school time1612
Continental day1981
society > education > learning > [noun] > attendance at school > time of
school hour1581
schooldays1597
year1607
school years1738
school time1754
school-tide1808
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxx. 299 Without running out to the Campo (as they tearme it) at schoole times.
1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 191 Such Boys..will be at liberty out of School-time.
1754 J. M. Magens tr. P. S. Nakskow Art. Faith Holy Evangelical Church xxxi. 214 When they..become Men, and have the Benefit of their Learning and School, then they are of Opinion, that their School-time was too short.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lvi. 512 The introduction of crackers in school-time.
1912 D. J. MacDonald Radicalism of Shelley & its Sources v. 112 He begins The Prelude by telling about his childhood and schooltime.
2000 M. O'Donnell & S. Sharpe Uncertain Masculinities v. 186 A significant amount of such crime seems to be carried out by truants during school time.
school vacation n. now chiefly U.S. = school holiday n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > [noun] > session or term > holidays
vacationc1456
school vacation1718
summer holiday1746
school holiday1777
1718 J. Clarke tr. M. Cordier Corderii Colloquiorum Centuria Selecta 102/2 I writ once only, that the School Vacation [L. vacationem scholasticam] was at hand.
1815 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 552 To have 20 pupils, ten youths or Adults, and ten Boys—; to give the latter three Hours daily, from 11 to 2, with exception of the usual School-vacations, in the elements of English, Greek, and Latin.
1918 Laryngoscope 28 43 Teachers argue that stutterers in their classes who spend their school vacation in the country are much improved when they return to school in the fall.
2009 C. Welles Feder In my Father's Shadow iii. 54 They could not have sounded more miserable if they had heard all school vacations would be cancelled for the next year.
school voucher n. †(a) a record of school attendance, esp. as required of a child who works part-time in a factory (obsolete); (b) (originally U.S.) a credit voucher, issued by a government or local authority, which can be used by parents to pay for a child's education in a school (esp. a private one) of their choice; (c) British a voucher offered to customers in return for money spent with a particular retailer (esp. a supermarket), and which can be exchanged for educational or sports equipment for local schools.
ΚΠ
1837 R. H. Greg Factory Question 151 Should you allow a servant to bring in breakfast without first exhibiting a school voucher, you are liable to punishment.
1873 J. N. Murphy Terra Incognita xxx. 420 The employer is bound to obtain the school voucher proving the attendance.
1970 N.Y. Times 7 June iv. 11/1 (heading) School vouchers: Can the plan work?
1988 Time 25 Jan. 10 Pete du Pont promotes school vouchers that just might sink a lot of Iowa community schools already pressed to keep up the high quality established when corn sold high.
1990 D. Kavanagh Thatcherism & Brit. Politics (ed. 2) x. 305 A scheme of school vouchers was considered and abandoned.
1993 Independent (Nexis) 11 July 10 The sudden enthusiasm for ‘school vouchers’ by three chainstores..follows the success of Tesco's ‘Computers for Schools’ promotion last year.
2009 Wilts. Gaz. & Herald (Nexis) 2 July Children from Lea and Garsdon School are appealing for anyone with unwanted Sainsbury's school vouchers to donate them so they can get the last 50 they need for sports equipment.
school wage n. [compare earlier school fee n., school hire n., and schoolage n.1] now historical a payment made for education; frequently in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for tuition
school hire1440
school wage1542
culet1550
feec1616
tutorage1721
premium1765
tuition1828
school penny1841
1542 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 36 To finde John Fell meate and drinke, clothing, boks, and scolewaige to goo to the scole..to he be xxvi yeares of aige.
1660 Kirk Session Rec. Dumfries 8 Mar. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Scule-wage The session ordains..thair thesaurer to furnish the lad books & that he pay for his schoole wages.
1788 in J. Leyland Mem. Abram (1882) 91 Paid Mrs Arrowsmith Scholwage for Child Widow Battersbys.
1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. iii. 30 He is now about to be taught several things;—and will have to pay his school-wages as he goes.
1996 L. Weatherill Consumer Behaviour & Material Culture (ed. 2) vi. 121 A few shillings were spent on ‘school wages’ for sending children to school.
b. With the first element in plural form. Chiefly British.
schools broadcast n. = school broadcast n. at Compounds 5a.
ΚΠ
1930 Times 10 Oct. 12/4 All the BBC stations will be closed until the time for the schools broadcasts.
2010 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 Apr. 25 He taught at Balwyn High School, tutored in German at Melbourne University and produced German for schools broadcasts.
schools broadcasting n. = school broadcasting n. at Compounds 5a.
ΚΠ
1928 1st Ann. Rep. B.B.C. 6, in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 3123) VII. 121 The Kent Education Committee undertook an enquiry into the efficacy of schools broadcasting.
2000 C. Yates & T. Tilson in C. Yates & J. Bradley Basic Educ. at Distance i. 12 Both schools broadcasting and Interactive Radio Instruction are basically concerned with improving learning and teaching quality within the classroom.
schools programme n. = schools broadcast n.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > schools broadcast
school broadcast1927
schools television1952
schools programme1971
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > types of
news bulletin1857
news summary1875
police message1886
newsflash1904
headline1908
play-by-play1909
feature1913
spot ad1916
magazine1921
news1923
time signal1923
outside broadcast1924
radiocast1924
amateur hour1925
bulletin1925
serial1926
commentary1927
rebroadcast1927
school broadcast1927
feature programme1928
trailer1928
hour1930
schools broadcast1930
show1930
spot advertisement1930
spot announcement1930
sustaining1931
flash1934
newscast1934
commercial1935
clambake1937
remote1937
repeat1937
snap1937
soap opera1939
sportcast1939
spot commercial1939
daytimer1940
magazine programme1941
season1942
soap1943
soaper1946
parade1947
public service announcement1948
simulcasting1949
breakfast-time television1952
call-in1952
talkathon1952
game show1953
kidvid1955
roundup1958
telenovela1961
opt-out1962
miniseries1963
simulcast1964
soapie1964
party political1966
novela1968
phone-in1968
sudser1968
schools programme1971
talk-in1971
God slot1972
roadshow1973
trail1973
drama-doc1977
informercial1980
infotainment1980
infomercial1981
kideo1983
talk-back1984
indie1988
omnibus1988
teleserye2000
kidult-
1934 Times 14 Aug. 43/3 It then falls to the B.B.C. schools programme official concerned to find appropriate travellers who are also good broadcasters.
1971 C. Storr Thursday viii. 92 ‘Heaps of people do say it [sc. bloody]. Even on television.’ ‘But not on schools programmes.’
2002 K. Warwick I, Cyborg (2004) v. 65 A Channel 4 schools programme on robots.
schools television n. television broadcasting for schools.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > schools broadcast
school broadcast1927
schools television1952
schools programme1971
society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > a television broadcast > types of
nemo1927
telecinema1928
teletalkie1929
telecine1935
colourcast1947
schools television1952
pilot1953
instructional television1954
telepolitics1958
tele-vérité1964
access1970
telefilm1971
bottle show1976
reality television1978
bottle episode2003
1952 Times 21 Feb. 8/6 The result would depend whether education authorities all over the country would ask the B.B.C. to cooperate in schools television.
1973 Listener 31 May 707/1 Of the 30 channels in the system, three are to be made available..for schools television.
2008 Independent (Nexis) 29 Nov. (Information section) 39 Much of the evening..resembles a jumbled history play for schools television in the bad old days.

Derivatives

school-like adv. and adj. [compare Middle High German schuollich, adjective] †(a) adv. in the manner of the schools (sense 12b) (obsolete); (b) adj. characteristic or reminiscent of the schools, or of a school.Apparently not recorded in 18th cent.
ΚΠ
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 20/1 Such as more distinctly and scholelike discusse this matter.
1583 J. Cox tr. A. de Chandieu Treat. Word of God sig. A.v That great Orator Tullie, comparing Oratorie with this sharp and schoole like Disputation,..saith thus [etc.].
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster v. i. sig. K2v His Learning labours not the Schoole-like Glosse.
1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 23 Such a methodical and School-like way of defining.
1870 Harper & Brother's List New Bks. 4 in C. Reade Put yourself in his Place (end matter) Some of the drawings are very spirited and schoollike.
1996 S. Schley in C. Lucas Multicultural Aspects Socioling. in Deaf Communities iii. 98 These children are exposed to both informal and school-like versions of ASL.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

schooln.2

Brit. /skuːl/, U.S. /skul/
Forms:

α. Middle English scoll, Middle English–1600s scole, Middle English–1600s scul, Middle English–1600s sculle, 1500s skoole, 1500s–1600s skole, 1500s–1600s skoule, 1500s–1600s skul, 1500s–1800s skull, 1500s–1800s (1900s– regional) scull, 1600s scoale, 1600s scoole, 1600s skoale, 1600s–1800s scool, 1900s– scoal (Caribbean); English regional 1800s scoo (Lancashire), 1800s– scull (southern), 1800s– skeeyul (Northumberland), 1800s– skuel (Northumberland), 1800s– skuil (Northumberland), 1800s– skule (Northumberland), 1800s– skyul (Northumberland), 1900s– scool (Cornwall), 1900s– scule (Cornwall), 1900s– skul (Cornwall); also Scottish pre-1700 scuill, pre-1700 scule, pre-1700 scull, pre-1700 skole, pre-1700 1800s skull, 1800s skule, 1900s– sküle (Shetland).

β. 1600s schole, 1700s–1800s schull, 1800s scholl (regional), 1800s– school; English regional 1700s schoel (Cornwall), 1800s schule (Cornwall); also Scottish pre-1700 scholl, pre-1700 schule; also Irish English (northern) 1800s– schull, 1900s– schule.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch schōle.
Etymology: < Middle Dutch schōle flock of animals, shoal of fish (Dutch school shoal of fish; compare North Frisian (Sylt, Föhr) skööl shoal of fish), specific sense of Middle Dutch schōle troop, band (compare Old English scolu , Old Saxon skola , both in sense ‘troop, band, host’), all ultimately borrowings < classical Latin schola (see school n.1 and discussion at that entry). An alternative etymology (compare N.E.D. (1910)) deriving the Germanic words < the same base as shill v.2 (with an underlying sense ‘division of a larger group’) is no longer generally accepted. Compare later shoal n.2Some of the β. forms are ambiguous and may show examples of shoal n.2 (compare forms at that entry). Compare the following apparently isolated borrowing into Anglo-Norman as scoue (perhaps implying earlier currency in English, or perhaps directly < Middle Dutch):1386 in L. Wright Sources London Eng. (1996) 97 En swefe temps & mol que le scoue of smelt & goions se tret plus enuers la terre qil ne fait en froid temps & dur.
1. A shoal or large number of fish, porpoises, whales, etc., swimming together whilst feeding or migrating. Also in a school, in or by schools.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [noun] > shoal
schoolc1425
shoal1579
flote1603
sea-shoal1738
run1771
mountain1880
the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > aquatic (group of)
schoolc1425
shoal1834
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 14205 (MED) Thei falle thikkere than heryng fletes In-myddes the se In here scole.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 450 Sculle, of a fysshe [?a1475 Winch. scul of fysh], examen.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvii A Scoll of ffysh.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 58 They [sc. bream] appere in May in mightti Sculles. so that sumtime they breke large Nettes.
1589 J. Jane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 780 We saw to the west of those Isles three or foure Whales in a skul.
1599 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 108 And this skole of fish continued with our ship for the space of fiue or sixe weekes.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. v. 22 And there they flie or die, like scaling sculls, Before the belching Whale.
1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) x. 237 Repaire to the River, where you have seen them to swim in skuls or shoales in the Summer time.
1673 H. Stubbe Further Iustification War against Netherlands Apol., etc. 127 The latter should not fish within eighty miles of the Coast, least the Scholes of Herrings should be interrupted.
1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) I. 391 A great Shoal, or, as they call it, a Scool of Pilchards, came swimming..into the Harbour.
1791 Gen. Lincoln in J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. (1792) III. 456 These fish..take each schull its proper river.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 36 Great skulls o' haddock, cod and ling.
1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 285 The smolts assemble in sculls of from forty to seventy together.
1884 Leisure Hour Jan. 64/1 A ‘school’ of porpoises gambolling in mid ocean.
1939 Geogr. Jrnl. 93 482 There were schools of river dolphins, but few other signs of life.
1969 F. Mowat Boat who wouldn't Float (1976) xii. 135 Pothead whales... so busy pursuing schools of unseen squid that some of them surfaced and blew within a stone's throw of us.
2010 E. O. Wilson Anthill xi. 112 In sunlight it was possible to catch glimpses of gar and spiny soft-shelled turtles as they glided past schools of bream.
2.
a. A crowd; a group of people. Also: a large number; a mass of things.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous
legiona1325
rout?c1335
multitudec1350
thrave1377
cloudc1384
schoola1450
meiniec1450
throng1538
ruckc1540
multitudine1547
swarm1548
regiment1575
armya1586
volley1595
pile1596
battalion1603
wood1608
host1613
armada1622
crowd1628
battalia1653
squadron1668
raffa1677
smytrie1786
raft1821
squash1884
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered
weredc725
trumec893
thrumOE
wharfOE
flockOE
farec1275
lithc1275
ferd1297
companyc1300
flotec1300
routc1300
rowc1300
turbc1330
body1340
numberc1350
congregation1382
presencec1390
meiniec1400
storec1400
sum1400
manya1425
collegec1430
peoplec1449
schoola1450
turm1483
catervea1492
garrison?a1513
shoal1579
troop1584
bevy1604
roast1608
horde1613
gross1617
rhapsody1654
sortment1710
tribe1715
a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A scole of clerkys.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. D.ijv About him ronnes of boyes & girles ye skull [L. 238–9 Pueri circum innuptæque puellae Sacra canunt].
1567 T. Drant in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie To Rdr. sig. *vv So greate a scull of amarouse Pamphlets haue so preoccupyed the eyes, and eares of men.
1570 J. Foxe tr. Prudentius Death Cassianus in Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 131/2 The youth in sculs flocke and runne together.
1831 Bouquet 31 Dec. 117/3 A whole school of blue and white beads, scampering..about the floor.
1893 Albany Law Jrnl. 20 May 381/2 Queer and novel questions of law..seem to run in schools, like crimes, accidents, and natural convulsions.
1905 J. B. Connolly Deep Sea's Toll 281 Man, but there's whole schools of girls'd jump to marry you.
1992 R. Pearson Hard Fall ii. 37 It was his experience that problems ran in schools, like barracuda.
2007 U.S. News & World Rep. 26 Mar. 42/4 Schools of sightseers on guided bike tours are a common sight.
b. A flock or group of animals, esp. when swimming or flying together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock
herda1000
flockc1200
routc1300
flowinga1382
rabblec1400
meinie1481
many1579
school?1590
plump1591
charm1801
band1824
mob1828
the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock > of aquatic animals
school?1590
shoal1593
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > pigeon > flock of
kit1880
school1880
loft1899
?1590–1 J. Burel Passage of Pilgremer i, in Poems sig. N3 Ane fellon tryne [sc. of birds], com at his [sc. the eagle's] taill, Fast flichtren through the skise, Bot suddenly, that scull did skaill..To fle the flichts of fudder.
1592 J. Lyly Midas iv. iii Ile warrant hee hath by this started a couey of Bucks, or roused a scull of Phesants.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. vi. iii. sig. Nn2v When we dip them [sc. oysters] in Vinegar, we may, for sauce to one bit, devour alive a schole of little Animals.
1858 K. H. Digby Children's Bower II. 13 Sitting on their heels by the margin of a pond to feed what they call the school of ducks that gathers round them.
1861 P. B. Du Chaillu Explor. Equatorial Afr. xiii. 194 A school of hippopotami.
1880 Times 24 Nov. 10/3 The Macclesfield tipplers [pigeons], which fly in schools or ‘kits’ for hours against another school.
1912 Eng. Jrnl. 1 381 A more serious condition was settling upon the school of birds upon this estate.
1962 Transatlantic Rev. 11 53 A school of gulls laying siege to The entrance of a port.
2000 M. Segal & B. Bardige Your Child at Play vii. 53 Bobby looked at a school of crabs crawling on the beach and announced that they were having a convention.

Compounds

school bass n. chiefly U.S. any of various marine perciform fishes, esp. small or young sciaenid sea bass, which habitually school; (also) a sea bass present or found in a school.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > sciaena ocellata (red drum)
bass1530
drummer1615
drum1649
red drum1709
drummer fish1725
red fish1763
red sciaena1803
red bass1837
spot1864
school bass1869
channel bass1873
spotfish1875
masooka1884
red horse1884
red1958
1869 J. G. Fennell Rail & Rod No. 4 70 They are frequently taken with the white fly in a rippling tideway off a headland at sea..and the small or school bass (school signifying shoal) high up the estuaries of large rivers.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 372 The smaller fish of the species [Sciæna ocellata] are called simply ‘Bass’ or ‘School Bass’.
1955 Waco (Texas) Tribune-Herald 5 Sept. 11/6 This is considerably larger than the usual run of black bass caught in schools, since school bass are ordinarily the little fellows.
2004 B. Sampson Best Fishing Trips in Connecticut v. 59 There may be school bass, especially around dusk.
school cod n. U.S. (now rare) a cod (genus Gadus) that typically occurs in schools, esp. the Atlantic cod, G. morhua; (also) a cod present or found in a school.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > genus Gadus > gadus morhua (common cod) > defined by habitat
rock cod1634
red coda1705
rock codfish1796
school cod1814
shoal-cod1836
shelf cod1935
1814 S. L. Mitchill in Amer. Med. & Philos. Reg. 4 621 There is a remarkable variety, denominated..The Shoal-cod, or School-cod; (Gadus arenosus) which is specifically the same with the preceding, but has less of the yellow complexion.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 201 Still another class of fish is known..as ‘Deep-water Cod’, ‘Bank Cod’, and ‘School Cod’.
2000 D. Dobbs Great Gulf iv. i. 127 The school cod tended to be bigger fish. A lot of them fifty pound or more.
school fish n. chiefly North American, New Zealand, and Australian any of various fishes which habitually school or shoal; (also) a fish that is present or found in a school.
ΚΠ
1860 G. Suckley in Rep. Explor. & Surv. Railroad Route (U.S. War Dept.) XII. ii. 363 According to Mr. Geo. Gibbs, the principal species of small ‘school-fish’ which frequent Puget Sound are of four kinds.
1873 Argus Suppl. (Melbourne) 1 Feb. 1/2 He never hooks a school fish, because they never leave the open sea, and he never leaves the bay.
1874 New S. Wales Rep. Royal. Comm. Fisheries (1880) 10 The ordinary schnapper, or count fish, implies that all of a certain size are to count as twelve to the dozen, the shoal or school-fish, eighteen or twenty-four to the dozen.
1947 A. W. B. Powell Native Animals N.Z. 67 School Trevally is a common school fish in North Auckland waters.
1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Feb. 4/1 He is not one of those press-the-flesh professional politicians..who plunge into crowds like porpoises into school fish.
school shark n. chiefly Australian and New Zealand the tope, Galeorhinus galeus, a shark which often swims in schools.
ΚΠ
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes I. xii. 390 The ‘school-shark’ is dealt with as above. But if the ‘grey-nurse’, or old solitary shark be hooked, the cable is cut [etc.].
1886 R. A. A. Sherrin Handbk. Fishes N.Z. 116 Tope... is the ‘school-shark’ of the Sydney fishermen.
1936 N. Caldwell Fangs of Sea 160 A small school shark set out after the bait.
2002 J. A. Musick & B. McMillan Shark Chrons. (2003) x. 204 In Australia, the same animal (called the school shark there) was declared overfished.
school snapper n. (also school schnapper) Australian and New Zealand the young of the Australasian snapper, Pagrus auratus, which habitually schools.
ΚΠ
1880 Rep. Royal Comm. Fisheries New S. Wales 13 The time of the appearance of the ‘school schnapper’ is the early part of summer.
1972 W. Doak Fishes 40 Many young snapper from 15cm upwards swim in silvery schools and are called ‘bream’ or ‘school snapper’ by the fishermen, each school of uniform size and age.
2010 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 11 June cm2 67 School snapper (3-4kg) have turned up around Wathumba.
school whale n. now historical and rare a whale that habitually swims as part of a group; spec. a young female whale.
ΚΠ
1707 M. Tunstall Smith in J. E. Rattray & T. Twomey Discovering Past: Writings of Jeannette Edwards Rattray (2001) 29 Feb. 24—My company killed a school whale, which made 35 barrels.
1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain III. 89 The very young females..called by the English fishermen school-whales swim so close to one another that they frequently get more than half out of water.
1888 C. M. Newell Isle Palms ix. 67 Both the school-whales and the lone bull were heading along the Equator to the west.
1934 Transcript Rec. by Miles Hanley for Ling. Atlas New Eng. in Jrnl. Eng. Linguistics (1986) 19 212 It wasn't a very big whale. They were what they call school whales.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

schoolv.1

Brit. /skuːl/, U.S. /skul/
Forms: see school n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: school n.1
Etymology: < school n.1 Compare post-classical Latin scholare to study, be a student (from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), Anglo-Norman escoleier to be a student, attend school or university (a1415 or earlier), Middle French escoler to teach, instruct (c1185 in Old French; French †écoler ), and also Anglo-Norman escolé learned, knowledgeable (in a subject) (c1170). Compare scoleye v.
1.
a. transitive. To educate or train (a person, the mind, etc.); (of experience, God, etc.) to make wise, skilful, or tractable by training or discipline; (more generally) to impart wisdom or understanding to. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)]
to teach of1297
exercec1374
informc1384
schoolc1456
break1474
instruct1510
nuzzle1519
train1531
train1542
frame1547
experience?c1550
to trade up1556
disciplinea1586
disciple1596
nursle1596
accommodate1640
educate1643
model1665
form1711
to break in1785
scholar1807
c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 228 (MED) Schalt not thou leerne it of hem, whiche ben scolid bi manye ȝeeris of labour in the kingis lawe of Ynglond?
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus iii. xiv, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 308 The Emperoure Iulian..made a lawe that the christians shoulde not be schooled in the doctrine of the Gentils.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 855 For he was school'd by kinde in all the skill Of close conveyance.
1609 G. Benson Serm. 7 May To Rdr. sig. A2 I thanke my good God, who hath set me in the country to be schooled by experience.
1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 59 Visited of God with sickness, and so scholed, and enlightned by him therein and thereby.
1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. iv. vi. 364 A teacher of the gentiles, schooled by heaven, and whose professor and master was Jesus Christ himself.
1762 O. Goldsmith Life R. Nash 174 A mind neither schooled by philosophy, nor encouraged by conscious innocence.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. iv. 32 Leila, thou hast been nurtured with tenderness, and schooled with care.
?1852 P. Egan London Apprentice II. xviii. 180/2 Although it taught him a bitter lesson, it had not so far schooled him in what was just, as [etc.].
1899 W. W. Hunter Hist. Brit. India I. 7 The English in India, schooled for a hundred years under the rod of the mighty Moguls, brought a deeper experience and wider conceptions to a harder task.
1900 W. E. Connelley J. Brown Index 421 Sevier,..schooled on the frontier in the ways of men.
1988 A. Rice Queen of Damned iii. viii. 382 How magnificent it would have been if the centuries had schooled me in forgiveness.
2000 E. Aron Highly Sensitive Person in Love (2001) 4 Facing our deep-rooted temperament differences has schooled us, developed our characters.
b. transitive (reflexive). To bring oneself under control; to direct oneself to do something or into a particular state by a process of self-control; to bring into or out of a particular mood or state by self-discipline or determination. Also with the mind, feelings, etc., as object.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > bring under control
temec897
subdue1483
subjugate?1518
to hold or have in leash1564
school1579
to saddle and bridle1646
to grab (also take) by the balls1934
society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > discipline
chastec1200
school1579
disciplinate1584
discipline1711
enregiment1831
to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 42 I haue seene many of you whiche were wont to sporte your selues at Theaters, when you perceiued the abuse of those places, schoole your selues, & of your owne accorde abhorre Playes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. ii. 15 My deerest Cooz, I pray you schoole your selfe. View more context for this quotation
1657 J. Trapp Comm. Psalms xlii. 6 Though before he had schooled himself out of his distempers.
a1762 T. Hayter Remarks Mr. Hume's Dialogues (1780) i. 18 They..are happy men: they have not yet schooled themselves into discontent.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. 173 Now must Matilda stray apart, To school her disobedient heart.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia III. 61 She had too long and too fondly schooled herself to look upon the outraged wife as the only victim.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. x. 241 Clara schooled herself into a resolution to bear it with good humour.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. xcv. 337 But the ambition of American statesmen has been schooled to flow in constitutional channels.
1918 S. Rohmer Tales Secret Egypt i. ii. 46 Strictly though I have schooled my emotions, my heart was beating in a most uncomfortable fashion.
1960 W. Harris Palace of Peacock ii. 28 He had schooled himself to keep his own counsel.
1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover iv. iii. 406 Who would have protected me if I had not schooled myself to triumph over my temper.
2002 J. Spencer-Fleming In Bleak Midwinter (2003) xvii. 196 Clare tried to school her shock at the size of the woman who embraced the..girl.
c. transitive. In passive. To be educated in a particular belief, habit, outlook, etc. With in, into, to, or infinitive.
ΚΠ
1708 R. South Serm. Martyrdom Charles I 8 Nor their Children like to become Christians, unless they were Schooled to Treason, and Catechiz'd to Rebellion.
1759 O. Goldsmith Enq. Present State Polite Learning x. 143 Men..schooled by continued adversity into an hatred of their kind.
1786 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 799/1 The present King..has been schooled in the discipline of his predecessor.
1841 E. Miall in Nonconformist 1 529 We..have been so schooled in modern ecclesiastical phraseology that we cease to regard it as singular.
1861 E. Bulwer-Lytton in All Year Round Aug. 459/2 Their seniors are cramped by the dogmas they were schooled to believe when the world was some decades the younger.
1950 Times 22 Mar. 3/5 We were being schooled, as it were..to the acceptance of a more or less regimented scheme of distribution.
1971 R. C. Tucker Soviet Polit. Mind (1972) Pref. p. xii A movement whose membership had been schooled for a generation in the Stalinist view of things.
2001 J. Litton Come back to Me 161 Men, women, and children..whom she had been schooled to think of as enemies were cheering her.
2.
a. transitive. To instruct or provide with instruction in (also about, †to) a particular discipline, subject, activity, etc.; to train for a particular occupation or career. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > prepare by teaching
schoolc1475
prepare1801
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 8 (MED) [A] multitude of clerkis not scolid in dyuynite.
1615 J. Greene Refut. Apol. Actors 2 I was neuer schooled in the arts of Humanitie, nor practized in Rhethoricke & Eloquence.
1638 R. Brathwait Surv. of Hist. 392 Such, who had bin sufficiently schooled in Philosophy, and had read what weake trust was to be reposed in prosperity.
1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 10 One who was taught, schooled, or disciplined to the Work [sc. of Minister] by long Exercise and Study.
1770 A. Brice Mobiad ii. 39 Might he revolve in anguish'd Heart, had he Been school'd in Letters and Greek History.
1809 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 419 Melior was the empress of Constantinople, early schooled by her father in the arts of magic.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 114 Among these was Xanthippus,..one who had been well schooled in war by the admirable training which the Spartan discipline still gave.
1897 Street Railway Jrnl. Oct. 635/2 New..men..after being schooled for a few days are given..independent control of a car running through crowded city thoroughfares.
1920 Pop. Mech. Mag. Aug. 268/2 [They] will be brought to a training camp near New York City where they will be schooled for one year..in the arts of pugilism.
1943 National Geographic Mag. Dec. 660/2 Today there are 15 or 20 times as many meteorologists, all schooled by the Army, Navy, and Weather Bureau since Pearl Harbor.
1958 H. R. Isaacs Scratches on our Minds i. 43 The vagueness of the way in which we are schooled about the geography of Asia.
2007 D. White She touched my Heart i. 23 I felt like I was sitting in college being schooled for a career in which I did not want to pursue.
b. transitive. To inform or advise on a particular matter; to make privy to pertinent information; to instruct (a person) how to act in a particular situation or how to do something. Frequently with about, in, on.In later use sometimes merging with sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > teach how
ken1362
learna1400
instruct1477
show1519
school1577
to show someone (also put someone up to) the ropes1802
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 75/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Wherefore it was blazed in Irelande, that the King [sc. Henry VII.]..had scholed a boy to take vppon hym the Earle of Warwikes name.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 227 So schooled the Gate [i. e. goat] her wanton sonne, That answerd his mother, all should be done.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iv. 9 But sir here comes your boy, Twere good he were school'd . View more context for this quotation
1767 N. Hooke Rom. Hist. VIII. ix. i. 384 He omitted Brutus in his deposition,..which shewed, that he had been well schooled and instructed the night before.
1841 Amer. Phrenol. Jrnl. & Misc. 3 393 The phrenologists must indeed be sorry dialecticians, if Professor Smith is entitled to school them about logic and consistency.
1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist vii. 440 Herodias schooled Salome in the part she was to play.
1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 271 Schooled by my guide, it was not difficult to realise the scene [etc.].
1920 System Aug. 266/2 I would carefully school him to make a nice little speech in which he would request the pleasure of [etc.].
1978 Jet 28 Sept. 15/1 Fashion Fair commentator Shayla..has already schooled them on the ABC's of fashion for Fall/Winter.
2009 L. Roy No Right to remain Silent iv. 92 Everyone had been schooled about how to deal with the media.
3.
†a. transitive. To punish, chastise; to use force to teach (someone) a lesson. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment
thewc1175
castea1200
chaste?c1225
amendc1300
chastyc1320
chastise1362
corrigec1374
correct1377
scourgec1384
disple1492
orderc1515
nurturec1520
chasten1526
whip1530
discipline1557
school1559
swinge1560
penance1580
disciple1596
castigatea1616
to serve out1829
1559 T. Mowntayne Mem. in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 261 Thow haste lyke a shamles man: offendyd yn bothe [treason and heresy] & yt shalte thow knowe: I wyl scole ye my selue than he callyd for the marshall or some of hys men.
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) iii. sig. Fv I say thou art too presumptuous, and the officers shall schoole thee.
1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine iii. iii. 25 Then wil we schoole you, ere you and we part hence. [They fight.]
1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy v. 75 Take hence the wag, and schoole him for't.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 5 Late he learned humility Perforce, like those whom Gideon schooled with briars.
b. transitive. In early use: †to reprimand, scold, admonish (obsolete). To tell (a person) he or she is wrong about something; to dictate to (a person); to criticize, correct, ‘lecture’. Now colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]
threac897
threapc897
begripea1000
threata1000
castea1200
chaste?c1225
takec1275
blame1297
chastya1300
sniba1300
withnima1315
undernima1325
rebukec1330
snuba1340
withtakea1340
reprovec1350
chastisea1375
arate1377
challenge1377
undertake1377
reprehenda1382
repreync1390
runta1398
snapea1400
underfoc1400
to call to account1434
to put downc1440
snebc1440
uptakec1440
correptc1449
reformc1450
reprise?c1450
to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450
control1451
redarguec1475
berisp1481
to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522
checkc1530
admonish1541
nip1548
twig?1550
impreve1552
lesson1555
to take down1562
to haul (a person) over the coals1565
increpate1570
touch1570
school1573
to gather up1577
task1580
redarguate?1590
expostulate1592
tutor1599
sauce1601
snip1601
sneap1611
to take in tax1635
to sharp up1647
round1653
threapen1671
reprimand1681
to take to task1682
document1690
chapter1693
repulse1746
twink1747
to speak to ——1753
haul1795
to pull up1799
carpet1840
rig1841
to talk to1860
to take (a person) to the woodshed1882
rawhide1895
to tell off1897
to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900
to get on ——1904
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
strafe1915
tick1915
woodshed1935
to slap (a person) down1938
sort1941
bind1942
bottle1946
mat1948
ream1950
zap1961
elder1967
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 10 This is the wai that thes fellonli men have taken to school and coole me, silli soul.
1592 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 160 She [sc. Elizabeth I] schooled Dr. John Rainolds for his obstinate preciseness.
1606 J. Carpenter Schelomonocham xxii. f. 91 He hearkened to..his mother when shee schooled him.
a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) i. i Nay school us not old man, some of us are too old to learn.
a1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 272 That's my Landlord's fault, for which I shall school him.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xlv. 98 The doctor,..was infinitely surprized to find himself schooled by one in my appearance; and..cried, ‘Upon my word! you are in the right, Sir—.’
1798 Oracle & Daily Advertiser 21 Dec. He..had been so often schooled and lectured by the Right Honourable Professor, that he was become at last callous to his rebukes.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 163 ‘I ken a' that as weel as—I mean to say,’ he resumed, checking the irritation he felt at being school'd.
1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi Introd. 13 Many will prefer to draw their own conclusions from them rather than to be schooled by us.
1897 O. Thant Bk. True Lovers (1899) 233 She is one of those loud-voiced, shrieking women who like to argue... I told Agnes frankly that I didn't like being schooled by her friend.
1909 S. K. Wiley Dante & Beatrice i. 11 Dante Alighieri, I am not schooled By you, though you are learned.
1997 ‘Q’ Deadmeat 250 ‘Normally, I shouldn't even be allowed to let you in because you haven't got any credits, but we'll take your money...’ ‘I ain't being schooled by you.’
†4. transitive. To have as a follower or a member of one's school. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > have as member of one's school
schoolc1570
c1570 in Coll. Black-letter Ballads & Broadsides (1867) 115 It seemes, by your doynges, that Cressed doth scoole ye,—Penelopeys vertues are cleane out of thought.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iv. xxviii. 74 This man was first schooled by Valentinus.
5.
a. transitive. To educate (a child) at a school; to provide (a person) with a formal education, typically at a school, college, or university. Frequently in passive.In quot. 1884: to take or send (a child) to school as a daily requirement.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school
to set to lore (also to book, to school)a1225
to put to schoola1300
to send to school, college1531
school1577
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande vii. f. 24 v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Schooled in the vniuersitie of Parise.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. i. 156 Yet hee's gentle, neuer school'd, and yet learned, full of noble deuise.
1633 Earl of Strafford Lett. & Disp. (1739) I. 157 It is required to that their Children..be school'd at Douay, or some other Seminary College beyond the Seas.
1745 C. Lichfield Let. 1 Feb. in A. P. Jenkins Corr. T. Secker (1991) 127 'Tis true indeed I receive such a Salary; and considering the Duty requir'd, of..schooling 18 Charity Boys,..I humbly hope, it will not be thought too great..a Stipend.
1782 Biogr. Hist. Sir W. Blackstone Index He was schooled at the Charter-house.
1846 Eng. Rev. 6 138 The number actually schooled in the State schools was no less than 2,021,421.
1879 Golden Hours Feb. 65/1 All the children were schooled at home except Samuel..who attended a man's school for a while.
1884 G. Allen Philistia II. 13 Eight children to be washed and dressed and schooled daily.
1920 Rotarian Oct. 176/1 Born in Renick, Missouri,..he was schooled in the grammar schools of that village.
1988 Economist (Nexis) 16 July 84 Born in England, brought up in California, schooled at Eton, Oxford and Harvard and employed by Time magazine.
2003 Oxf. Times 21 Nov. 2/3 She lived in Cowley, but had been schooled in Shropshire.
b. intransitive. To attend school. Cf. schooling adj.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [verb (intransitive)] > go to school
scoleyea1400
to start to ——1836
school1857
1857 W. Chase Life-line of Lone One 259 Found..a Dr. Hook, with whom he schooled in old Gilmanton.
1943 Troppo Tribune (Mataranka, Austral.) 25 Jan. 1 He schooled at St. Pat's East Melbourne.
1972 Straits Times 23 Nov. 15/4 ‘It's incredible,’ says the amiable 32-year-old Globe Silk Store proprietor who has schooled in England.
2006 J. Betts Time Restored iii. 67 Radford..had schooled at Charterhouse.
6.
a. transitive. To train (an animal, esp. a horse). Cf. educate v. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > training horses in specific ways
manage1561
pace1595
school1608
way1639
supple1753
traffic-proof1971
1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light x. Sig. E2v Least their Iades should shew too many horse-trickes in Smith-field.., their maisters doe therefore Schoole them at home after this manner.
1848 G. F. Duckett Technol. Mil. Dict. (rev. ed.) 439/1 Zureiten, to train, break-in or school a horse.
1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. xix The way you had schooled him [sc. a horse].
1896 Outing Dec. 239/2 Hounds schooled to drive hares are a nuisance on a deer hunt.
1939 J. Cannan They rang up Police 9 Delia..had been schooling a young horse in the paddock.
1941 Pop. Mech. Apr. 520/1 Patrolmen..accompanied by alert Doberman pinschers schooled to help catch law-breakers.
1997 Your Horse Nov. 30/1 Having..schooled several horses to Medium dressage and Intermediate eventing level.
b. intransitive. Chiefly Hunting. To ride straight across country. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > ride across country for exercise
walka1450
lark1813
school1868
1868 C. Clarke Lord Falconberg's Heir I. xix. 245 I went out schooling on the new horse... He'll make a magnificent hunter.
1885 Field 4 Apr. 428/2 We schooled back to the Poorhouse Gorse, and a couple of fences of the order intricate had to be jumped, under the penalty of a long round.
1915 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ In Mr Knox's Country vi. 156 Flurry came over with the horse for Andrew for the paper-chase, and Andrew and Meg went out schooling.
7. transitive. To rear (a plant) in a nursery. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > rear plant in nursery
school1873
nursery1885
1873 I. Campbell-Walker Rep. Forest Managem. Germany, Austria, & Great Brit. i. 20 The young oaks are 'schooled' for two years, then cut over and planted out.
1894 J. Nisbet Brown's Forester (ed. 6) II. x. 196 Osier plants should always be reared from cuttings which are schooled in the nursery for one year previous to planting them out permanently.
1902 C. J. Cornish Naturalist on Thames 122 The young osiers..should be taken from a nursery in which they have been ‘schooled’ for one year.
8. intransitive. slang. To gamble in a school (school n.1 11b). rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > play games of chance [verb (intransitive)] > in a 'school'
school1935
1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down i. ii. 17 Some colliers..that made up the gambling school in ordinary times... They were not schoolin' now, they had no coppers for schoolin'.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to school away
1. transitive. To remove or eradicate by education or self-control.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > unteach (a person) > unteach (a thing)
unteach1562
to school away1758
1758 O. Goldsmith tr. J. Marteilhe Mem. Protestant II. 87 What will not Men do, who have, if I may be allowed the Expression, schooled away every Principle.
1833 T. Chalmers On Power Wisdom & Goodness of God I. i. v. 194 It may at least school away those prepossessions of the fancy or of the taste that would lead us to resist or to dislike such evidence when offered.
1992 C. Bernstein A Poetics 176 Our mutual incomprehensibility to each other is not a matter that can be legislated, or schooled, away.
2003 D. Durgin Angel: Impressions 174 It was her turn to frown. She quickly schooled away the bumpy brow effect.
2. transitive. To direct (a person) away from a habit, attitude, etc., by education or training.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > unteach (a person)
unteach?1533
unlearn1615
unschool1820
unscholar1823
to school away1917
1917 Rec. Christian Work Feb. 155/1 We need to accept the mastery of Christ's conception of duty. We are being slowly schooled away from it to-day.
1934 M. Cowley Exile's Return (1994) Prol. 9 The generation..was uprooted, schooled away and almost wrenched away from its attachment to any region or tradition.
2007 P. S. Fass Children of New World iii. vii. 209 State officials increasingly insisted that the children..needed to be schooled away from their parents' habits and language.
 to school down
transitive. To subdue or reduce (a person, etc.) by training or circumstance.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)]
wieldOE
i-weldeOE
onwaldOE
overwieldlOE
amaistera1250
underlaya1300
daunt1303
underbringc1320
yoke?c1335
undercasta1340
afaitec1350
faite1362
subjecta1382
to make subjectc1384
distraina1400
underlouta1400
underthewa1400
underset1422
subjectc1460
subjuge?1473
submise?1473
dompt1480
suppedit?1483
to keep under1486
abandon1487
bandon?a1500
suppeditatec1545
to bring under1563
reduce1569
assubject1579
overpower1597
envassal1606
assubjugate1609
vassal1612
subact1619
vassalize1647
vassalate1659
to school down1818
to ride herd on (also over)1895
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > by training
to school down1818
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject or subdue [verb (reflexive)]
subduec1425
vassal1615
to school down1867
1818 Eclectic Rev. July 30 If this green and hasty age..would..suffer itself to be schooled down into a little more of the carefulness, and laboriousness, and seriousness, which distinguished times that are passed.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea (ed. 3) II. ii. 63 Lord Raglan..was so schooled down by long years of flat office labour that it shocked him to see a man..armed to the teeth.
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lii. 90 At home she had schooled herself down into quiescence.
1908 P. Fitzgerald Shakespearean Representation v. 83 The performers..had not been schooled down to inanity, or oppressed by the overpowering presence of an actor-manager.
1938 R. Davies & C. Hunt Eng. Artists 1600 to 1851 xii. 136 By a wiser course of study he might have schooled down his imagination.
2004 D. A. Reisman Schumpeter's Market 268 Today's thinkers effectively perceive that which they have been schooled down to see.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

schoolv.2

Brit. /skuːl/, U.S. /skul/
Forms: see school n.2
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: school n.2
Etymology: < school n.2 Compare shoal v.3 and the Germanic parallels cited at that entry.
intransitive. Of fish and sea mammals: to collect or swim together in a school (school n.2 1) or shoal. Frequently in to school up: to collect or crowd close together at or near the surface of the water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [verb (intransitive)] > shoal
school1597
shoal1610
1597 N. Breton Wits Trenchmour sig. C The Herings seldom scull, but in a thick misty morning.
1606 S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 45 Fishes of each kind skull togeather.
1726 P. Dudley in Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 264 Let the Wind blow which Way it will, that Way they [sc. dead whales] will scull a Head, tho' right in the Eye of the Wind.
1845 Colonial Mag. & East India Rev. 6 443 At that season the fish were schooling in myriads in the bay.
1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Menhaden do not school up until the beginning of the summer.
1903 Hunter-Trader-Trapper Sept. 18 They were schooling on top of the water and it is quite a sight to see several hundred large fish..leaping and jumping.
1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams vi. 206 Harp seals and flocks of seabirds were drawn to fish schooling in the nutrient-rich waters.
2004 B. Sampson Best Fishing Trips Connecticut x. 196 They [sc. scup] tend to concentrate around reefs and rocky areas, but will school up along the beaches.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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