scholarn.

Brit.

/ˈskɒlə/, U.S.

/ˈskɑlər/, Scottish English

/ˈskɔlər/, Irish English

/ˈskʌlər/

Forms:

α. Old English sceolere (rare), Old English scoliere, Old English–1500s scolere, Middle English escolyer, Middle English scoleer, Middle English scolier, Middle English scollere, Middle English skolere, Middle English–1500s scholere, Middle English–1500s scolare, Middle English–1500s skoler, Middle English–1600s scholer, Middle English–1600s scolar, Middle English–1700s scoler, 1500s scolear, 1500s scooler, 1500s skolar, 1500s skoller, 1500s skouler, 1500s–1600s scholler, 1500s–1600s schoolar, 1500s–1600s scollar, 1500s–1600s scoller, 1500s–1600s sholar, 1500s–1600s sholler, 1500s–1600s skollar, 1500s–1700s schollar, 1500s– scholar, 1600s shooler, 1600s skooller, 1500s–1600s 1800s schooler, 1800s scholleare (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 schoiller, pre-1700 scholer, pre-1700 schollar, pre-1700 scholler, pre-1700 scholur, pre-1700 schoolar, pre-1700 schooler, pre-1700 scolar, pre-1700 scolare, pre-1700 scoleir, pre-1700 scolere, pre-1700 scoliler (transmission error), pre-1700 scollair, pre-1700 scollar, pre-1700 scollare, pre-1700 scolleir, pre-1700 scoller, pre-1700 scollere, pre-1700 scollour, pre-1700 scolour, pre-1700 scoolar, pre-1700 scooler, pre-1700 scoollar, pre-1700 scooller, pre-1700 scoular, pre-1700 shoaller, pre-1700 sholar, pre-1700 sholler, pre-1700 shooler, pre-1700 skollair, pre-1700 skollar, pre-1700 skoller, pre-1700 skooller, pre-1700 1700s– scholar, 1700s scholer, 1700s shoollar, 1800s schular, 1800s schuler; N.E.D. (1910) also records a form Middle English scoller.

β. (regional and nonstandard in later use) 1500s–1900s schollard, 1600s– scholard, 1700s–1800s scollard, 1800s scollad, 1800s scollud, 1800s skollard, 1900s– scolard; Irish English 1800s scholart, 1800s skolard; Scottish pre-1700 scollerd, 1900s– scolart.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin scholaris; French escoler, escolier.

Etymology: Originally (i) < post-classical Latin scholaris, scolaris (see below): subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman scoler, Anglo-Norman and Old French escoler, Anglo-Norman and Old French escolier (Middle French escolier , French écolier ) student or pupil taught in a school, person studying at a university (late 12th cent.), disciple, pupil of a master, philosopher, etc. (early 14th cent.) < post-classical Latin scholaris , scolaris pupil, student (from 8th cent. in British sources; from 9th cent. in continental sources), use as noun of scholaris of or relating to a school (4th cent.; < classical Latin schola school n.¹ + -āris -ar suffix¹), with suffix substitution (compare -ier -ier suffix).Compare classical Latin scholāris used in school (restored in the reading of a papyrus), scholārius (perhaps) connected with the schola in which a collegium met (attested in an inscription). The Latin noun was also borrowed or adopted into other European languages. Compare: (i) Middle Low German scholēr student or pupil taught in a school, university student, young prospective cleric, Old High German scuolari student or pupil taught in a school (Middle High German schuolære , schūler also university student, young prospective cleric, German Schüler student or pupil taught in a school, disciple); (reborrowed < Latin) German Scholar student, pupil, (now only) student of a grammar school or university in the Middle Ages (16th cent.); (via French) Middle Dutch scholāre , scholēr , scholier , schoelre (Dutch scholier ); (ii) Catalan escolar (15th cent.), Spanish escolar (13th cent.), Italian scolaro (13th cent.; rare before the 19th cent.). Specific forms. With forms in -er , -ere compare -er suffix¹. With forms in -our , -ur compare -our suffix. In Old English the word is attested earliest in the compound efen-scōlere fellow student (with reference to students of Aristotle) in the first half of the 10th cent. (compare even adj.¹ and n.² Compounds 2). The Old English form scōliere occurs only in the work of Byrhtferð (first half of the 11th cent.) and may be due to the influence of Abbo of Fleury, who had been his teacher at Ramsey; compare Anglo-Norman and Old French escolier , although this is first attested later. The Middle English form escolyer only occurs in the works of William Caxton and represents an apparently isolated adoption of Middle French escolier . Forms with medial -oo- , -ou- , (in Scots) -u- are influenced by school n.¹ With the β. forms compare -ard suffix.

a. A student or pupil who is taught in a school; esp. a boy or girl attending an elementary or primary school. Now Scottish and Irish English.See also day scholar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil

discipleOE

scholarOE

clerka1425

pupil1531

eleve1736

school student1846

pup1871

society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun]

scholarOE

schoolchild1595

student1764

schoolie1966

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iv. ii. 232 We witon þæt iunge clericas þas þing ne cunnon, þeah þa scolieras þe on mynstre synd getydde þisra þinga gymon.

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 51 A fraternite was begonne..of ȝonge scolers.

1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 211 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 300 Þat book scolers lerne in hir childhede.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 641 If any scolere in þe scole his skorne at him makis.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 2 He was never gud mastur that never was scoler.

1580 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 39 Disourdourit barnis and scholaris of the grammer schuil.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 266 Two schoole-maisters and threescore and ten schoolers.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 8 Some unwise friends..perswaded him [sc. my Father] to fasten me upon that School as Master, whereof I was lately a Scholler.

1700 B. H. Fables Young Æsop (ed. 4) 13 Let this Consideration rouse my young Schollar out of that Lethargy of childish Pleasures.

1749 S. Fielding Governess 78 Mrs. Teachum being now come into the Arbour, to see in what manner her little Scholars passed their Time, they all rose up to do her Reverence.

1808 W. Clark Let. 24 Nov. in J. Holmberg Dear Brother (2002) 174 A man..has commenced teaching with 12 Schoolers.

1820 R. Southey Life Wesley II. 162 In two or three months there were twenty-eight scholars, notwithstanding the strictness of the discipline.

1888 Contemp. Rev. July 39 An accurate inquiry disclosed the fact that 38 per cent. of these poor scholars were breakfastless every morning.

1934 Daily Mail 3 Jan. 6 The evergreen imagination of young scholars battling with examination papers probably produces more humour than the combined efforts of all the comic writers in the world.

2016 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 Nov. 37 Gaelic-medium playgroups,..duly followed by primary schools and streams in secondary schools, enabling scholars to experience an entire education through Gaelic.

b. Originally: a person studying at an advanced level, esp. at a university or other higher educational institution; a member of a university or college. In later use: a junior or undergraduate member of a university. Now historical and in official use.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun]

scholara1400

studentc1450

collegian?1462

colligionist1570

velvet-cap1602

college-man1611

collegiate1616

matriculate1712

trencher-cap1721

collegianer1818

bursch1830

matriculator1850

matriculant1860

stude1907

Joe College1932

matriculand1954

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7999 Þe fourþe sone was a scoler, To lerne more he dyde hys power.

1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 3 Lettres patentes, made in Kyng Edward daies þe thridde, to þe scolers of Oxenford.

1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §36. m. 20 Your humble oratours and subgiettes, the chaunceler and scolers of the universite in your toune of Oxonford.

1530–1 Act 22 Henry VIII c. 12 sig. Ciii in Public Gen. Acts Scholers of the vniuersities of Oxforde and Cambrydge that go about beggynge.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 56^v Such a confusion of degrees, that the Scholler knoweth not his duetie to the Bachelor, nor the Bachelor to the Maister.

1613–14 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 94 Gave to ane Hungarian scoller for his supporte..3 lib.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 43 The Schollers here in the night commit many murthers.

1681 London Gaz. No. 1656/2 At the very Entrance whereof, the Scholars were placed; First, the Under-Graduates, then the Batchelors of Arts.

1735 Weekly Oracle 18 Jan. A young Scholar at Oxford..having two lewd Women with him, when the Proctor came upon him and upbraided him with having two such Women with him at a time, said, He could not help it.

1798 A. Wall Acct. Ceremonies Senate House Univ. Cambr. 194 If any of the name or kindred of the founder should happen to be poor, and to be a scholar in the university, he shall be preferred to have the benefit of this maintenance, before any other scholar.

1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. lix. Preamble The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Oxford.

1902 J. Corbin Amer. in Paris iii. 229 At nineteen..the mediæval student might, if he were clever, be a master of arts, lecturing and disputing in schools for the benefit of the bachelors and scholars of the university.

1978 M. Barber Trial of Templars ii. 63 Prominent among those present were the canons, the religious and secular masters, and the bachelors and scholars of the University of Paris.

2014 A. Komine Keynes & his Contemporaries Pref. p. xx My special thanks are due to the following individuals and institutions..: the Masters and Scholars of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

c. A student at a school, college, or university who receives funding towards the cost of his or her education, and sometimes special status or other benefits, usually as a reward for academic or other achievement; the recipient of a scholarship. Cf. scholarship n. 1. This sense gradually emerged from sense 1b. In the medieval and early modern period, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, as well as certain schools such as Eton, Winchester, and Westminster, were originally established as endowed institutions, taking small numbers of scholars who were all maintained by the foundation. From the 16th century onwards they began to admit larger numbers of fee-paying students, and a distinction developed between scholars (students on the foundation) and other ranks of students such as commoners, pensioners, etc.Fulbright scholar, king's scholar, Rhodes scholar, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > financed pupil or student

bursar1567

scholar1593

student?1784

foundationer1839

society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student with scholarship

scholar1593

exhibitioner1679

Rhodes scholar1902

Rhodesian1905

Fulbrighter1953

Rhodes1995

schoolmaster student1997

1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Middlesex i. 45 Queene Elizabeth made it a collegiate Church: instituting a Deane, twelue Prebends, twelue well deseruing soldiers, and fortie schollers: who are thereby termed The Queenes schollers, who, as they become woorthie, are preferred to the Vniuersities.

1634 J. Scot Found. Univ. Cambr. (single sheet) There is now in the same a Master, 6 Fellows, 10 Scholars, 9 Exhibitioners, besides Officers and Servants of the foundation, with other Students, being in all 150.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires iii. Argt. 31 I remember I Translated this Satyr, when I was a Kings-Scholar at Westminster School, for a Thursday Nights Exercise.

1708 Truth of Case 37 As for his Son, particularly, If I liv'd till he was capable of it, I would make him a Queen's-Scholar, have him bred up at the College-School.

a1750 J. Mottley Hist. & Surv. Cities London & Westm. (1753) II. iv. i. 33 Exhibitions. One for a Scholar, at Cambridge. Another for a Scholar, at Oxford, founded by Mr. Thomas Russel.

1831 Oxf. Univ. Herald 11 June 3/2 On Monday last, Mr. Spranger, commoner of Exeter Coll. was elected a Scholar of that Society.

1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green v. 38 A scholar's gown was accordingly produced.

1857 Act 20 & 21 Victoria c. 84 Sched. §71 The foundation scholars at the lower school [of Dulwich College] shall be appointed by the governors.

1912 Univ. Chicago Mag. Dec. 40 A successful examination does not insure the appointment of a candidate to a scholarship, inasmuch as only one scholar is selected in any one year.

1941 World Affairs 104 116/2 He took his M.A. degree at Harvard, was Rhodes scholar at Oxford, England, and studied in Paris.

2016 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 24 Aug. The Victory Scholar Program will pay for $2.3m (£1.74m) in education to the scholars going to nine universities this year. Six will attend Ulster University, with two golf scholars and four in basketball.

a. A person who is highly educated and knowledgeable, usually as a result of studying at a university; (in early use) esp. a person who has knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages and their literature. In later use chiefly: a person who pursues or is expert in a particular field of study, esp. in the humanities.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > educated in the schools

scholarOE

man of schoola1450

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 92 Swa eac þa scolieras witon þe synt getydde on boclicum cræfte..þæt þæt rihtmeteruers sceal habban feower and twentig timan.

c1300 St. Francis (Laud) l. 154 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 58 Bernard, þat was a guod scholer, formest to him cam.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 3077 Ȝyf þou be prout of þy cunnyng, Þat þou hast lerned moche þyng, As sum man ys þat ys scolere.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 20682 (MED) Vnder hyre [sc. Astronomy's] protecciouns I make dyvynaciouns, And by hyr power grauntyd me I have scolerys two or thre Wych that on me euere abyde.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxiv. f. 48^v In the habite of a scholer of philosophye.

1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. f. 38 Will Somer if he liued, by such meanes might dispute with the best Scholer in Englande.

1607 Merrie Iests George Peele 16 Hee goes directly to the Maior tels him he was a scholler and a gentleman.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. i. 74 He is a better scholler then I thought he was.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. vi. 11 An ignorant mans faith..may be as strong as the faith of the greatest Scholler.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 262 He..made me..a much better Scholar in the Scripture Knowledge, than I should ever have been by my own private meer Reading.

1781 S. Johnson Akenside in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 10 A very conspicuous specimen of Latinity, which entitled him to the same height of place among the scholars as he possessed before among the wits.

1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 41 Matthew Field belonged to that class of modest divines who affect to mix in equal proportion the gentleman, the scholar, and the Christian.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiii. 220 Thus the clergy for a thousand years have been the scholars of the nation.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 362/2 Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540–1609), the greatest scholar of modern times.

1951 Princeton Alumni Weekly 28 Sept. 8/2 A Milton scholar, Mr Kelley has been a member of the faculty since he received his Ph.D. at Princeton.

1969 Alcalde June 15/1 You can stay home and see a professor or the best scholar in the world talk about a subject, so the university today has to serve a different purpose.

2008 Ebony Apr. 118/2 A true renaissance man of the African Diaspora..a filmmaker, author, scholar and the chairman of New York University's Africana Studies Program.

†b. depreciative. A person who possesses academic learning or theoretical knowledge but lacks practical skills or worldly experience. Obsolete. The scholar often appeared as a stock character in satires of the early modern period, depicted as an object of ridicule by courtiers and gallants, and mocked for being poor, unfashionable, and socially awkward.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary world > [noun] > literary man

scholarc1600

man of letters1645

literator1710

literarian1740

literary gent1773

literary1801

littérateur1806

c1600 Pilgrimage i, in Three Parnassus Plays (1949) 98 Let schollers be as thriftie as they maye, They will be poore ere theire last dyinge daye.

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. v. sig. I3^v If I had no Musique in me, no Courtship; that I were not a Reueller and could daunce, or had not those excellent qualities that giue a man Life, and Perfection, but a meere poore Scholler as he is, I thinke I should make some desperate way with my selfe.

1606 Returne from Pernassus ii. vi. sig. D3^v Let mee define a meere Scholler... He is one that cannot make a good legge, one that cannot eate a messe of broth cleanly.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xxv. sig. E8 A downe-right Scholler... He is good mettal in the inside, though rough & vnscour'd without, and therefore hated of the Courtier, that is quite contrary.

1697 G. Stanhope tr. P. Charron Of Wisdom I. xxxix. 359 In all Countries, and all Languages, Pedant and Scholar are Terms of Ridicule and Reproach. To do a thing aukwardly, is to do it like a Scholar. To behave one's self like a Clown, and be ignorant of the World, is to be a mere Scholar.

c. In (humorous) representations of uneducated speech: a person whom the speaker regards as well educated; a person who is able to read and write. Frequently in dialect form scholard, schollard, etc. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > person with school-learning

scholara1644

school-scholar1692

literate1875

a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 43 The Vicar of our Parish..being so good a Churchman, and so great a Schollard, and can speake Latine too.

1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all ii. 20 Nay, faith Sir, I am not so good a Schollard to say much.

1678 Quack's Acad. 5 The admiring Patient shall certainly cry you up for a great Schollard; provided always your Nonesense be fluent.

1733 London Mag. Oct. 508/1 Now az he iz my only Cheeld, 'che have broft'n up a Schollard: And 'che thost vor to zendon to the Varsity at Kambridge.

?1774 R. Sanders Lucubrations Gaffer Graybeard III. xxxix. 10 This proposal was overruled by another of the 'squires, who took notice that the schoolmaster was a better schollard than the curate, and he was the most proper person to be employed.

1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 207 He [sc. a lad of thirteen] is a great ‘scholar’, too, to use the country phrase.

1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. i. iii. 17 You know Mark was a schollard, sir, like my poor, poor sister.

1893 F. Peel Spen Valley xiii. 274 When the paper was bought by Law's work-people, they had to seek up John Jowett, or some other scholar to read it aloud to them.

1923 Boy's Own Paper June 510/1 You are a bit of a scholard, Lopez, ready with your fist when a quill is stuck into it, and a pot of ink handy near by. Quite a scholard.

1969 Listener 6 Feb. 109/1 Many Gypsies, on the other hand, despise education. Dick Florence talked in his trailer caravan by a roadside in North Wales..about ‘scholars’—that is literate people—whom he had met in the army.

1993 T. Pears In Place of Fallen Leaves (1995) ix. 83 Her father became such a scholard that he spoilt his ballot paper in the next election by signing his initials, instead of the X that he assumed was merely intended to represent the mark of an uneducated man.

a. A person who is receiving, or has received, his or her instruction or training from a particular teacher, philosopher, artist, etc.; a pupil (of a teacher). Also figurative. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil > pupil of tutor

scholarOE

tutee1927

OE Wulfstan Canons of Edgar (Corpus Cambr.) (1972) x. 4 We lærað þæt ænig preost ne underfo oðres scolere buton þæs leafe þe he ær folgode.

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 250 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 500 His scolers þat ihurde of him gode men were ynouȝ.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Ine þis clergie heþ dame auarice uele scolers.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 195 Pictagoras hadde þis manere by [emended in ed. to by the] seuene sciences: non of his scoleres schulde to fore þe seuenþe ȝere axe resoun noþer skile of his lore.

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 639 (MED) And Musyk hadde..Boece, hire clerke..Forto practyse with sugred melodye, He and his scolers theyre wyttes dydde applye With touche off strenges on orgons eke pleyng Theyre craffte to shewe.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 197^v Hys escolyers that lerned of hym.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iii. vii. f. 53 (MED) This be sothely disciples & scoleres of this wrechid olde, þat ful gladly study in hire lore & haue long tyme contynued hire scole.

1583 in Sc. Notes & Queries (1898) 1st Ser. 11 50/2 That masters instruct their schollers in the falshood of these tenetts.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xv. 102 Thy Master dies thy Scholler; to do thus I learnt of thee.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 31 We are become..the backwardest Schollers, of whom God offer'd to have made us the teachers.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 57 While he was..young, he was Scholar to Thales.

a1742 J. Hammond Love Elegies (1743) xiii. 16 And teach my lovely Scholar all I know.

1798 Monthly Rev. Dec. 423 The Scholar of Plato, Aristotle, an incomparably superior philosopher, actually promised..to explain the nature of signs.

1869 Ld. Tennyson Coming of Arthur 153 Merlin's master (so they call him) Bleys, Who taught him magic; but the scholar ran Before the master.

1896 W. Besant Master Craftsman I. v. 89 It looks like Grinling Gibbons, though. He may have done it—or perhaps one of his scholars.

1919 Bull. Metrop. Mus. Art 14 88/1 For years this artist was confused with Marco Vecellio, a favorite nephew and scholar of Titian, who spent many years in the workshop of this master.

1952 Legislative Assembly Deb. (Gold Coast) No. 3. 583 It is like a question which one of Socrates' scholars asked him.

†b. A person who follows or is influenced by the teaching or example of a particular person; a disciple. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > disciple

discipleeOE

followereOE

childOE

scholara1425

lererc1440

discipless1611

acolyte1623

chela1834

a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 30 (MED) Bot þen is þe vse iuel when it is swollen wiþ pride..& makeþ hem prees for to be holden..proude scolers of þe deuel & maysters of vanite & of falsheed.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. Prol. l. 473 Virgill..Pardon thy scolar.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 10 That they were the ministers of Christ and the Apostles scholers.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. vii. 12 To professe themselues therein schollers and followers of the auncient.

1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices ii. 50 Gower and his Scholler Chaucer.

1759 S. Johnson Idler 4 Aug. 241 The Romans confessed themselves the Scholars of the Greeks.

1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly 39 Your masters, who are his [sc. Rousseau's] scholars.

1842 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. V. viii. 127 They think it a fine thing to..profess themselves the devil's scholars.

4. With qualifying adjective: a person considered with regard to his or her aptitude for learning.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > quick or slow

scholar1440

slow learner1837

slow starter1851

1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 180 A redy, a good skolere, To holy ordres he hastith now.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 275 Þe lest scoler of hors had byn wyse ynogh forto haue ouercome hyr.

1580 J. Tuttoft Let. in A. H. Smith et al. Papers N. Bacon of Stiffkey (1983) II. 125 Tel hur that letel Bety is a great scoller & doth larn as fast as I can tech hur.

a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. C4^v Prince. Dost think thy Lady is of thy opinion? Gent. She's a bad Scholar else, I have brought her up, and she dares owe me still.

1687 in J. G. Dunlop Dunlop Papers (1953) III. 42 The littl ons are very weall. Sandie is a great scholar.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 249 He was the aptest Schollar that ever was.

1733 Duchess of Queensberry Let. 21 Feb. in J. Swift Corr. (1965) IV. 4806 I am concious of only one [good quality]—that is—being an appt Scholar.

1760 W. Romaine 12 Disc. Law & Gospel. i. 35 The natural man is a bad scholar at this humbling lesson. He learns it very slowly, and with great pain and difficulty.

1853 Mass. Teacher 6 250 Girls of a certain age are quicker to learn and better scholars than boys of the same age.

1919 G. Whipple Vital Statistics xii. 400 The frequency with which we find good scholars and poor scholars among both men and women.

1960 O. Manning Great Fortune iv. 233 Always was a poor scholar. Never could remember anything.

2016 washingtonpost.com (Nexis) 19 Apr. Senators are becoming quick scholars of international law.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive, as scholar-craft, scholar phrase, scholar program, etc.

ΚΠ

1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. C4^v That womens will borne common scholler phrase.

1661 Edinb. Test. LXX. f. 130, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Scolarcraft I leive my haill books..to my thrie sones..if they all follow furth the scollercraft according to the callinges they sall follow.

1820 W. Scott Monastery I. x. 309 And since you like scholar-craft so well, Mary Avenel, you will see whether Edward or I have most of it.

2007 K. Merida & M. A. Fletcher Supreme Discomfort xii. 300 The student was in the scholar program at the university's Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs.

b. Appositive, as scholar-critic, scholar-poet, scholar-teacher, etc.

ΚΠ

1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote xviii. 110 The Scholler Poet, son to Don Diego.

1671 J. Eachard Some Observ. Answer to Grounds Contempt of Clergy 22 A Learned Scholar-Preacher can neither keep the People awake, nor make them write after him.

1760 W. Law Coll. Lett. Interesting & Important Subj. xxv. 220 Here now comes the Scholar-Critic, and finds, that Matters stand not thus now.

1815 J. Bentham Chrestomathia ii. 8 Each such class under the direction of its Scholar Teacher.

1894 Dublin Rev. Oct. 340 The serene scholar-saint, the Benedictine, Jean Mabillon.

1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Apr. 312/2 Dr. Mardersteig's position in typographical history as at once an artist-printer and a scholar-publisher.

1992 Sports Illustr. 31 Aug. 1/1 (advt.) Being a scholar-athlete takes more than brains and brawn.

C2.

scholar-in-residence n. (a title given to) a person employed, usually for a specified period, as a lecturer, researcher, etc., at a university, institute, or other organization.

ΚΠ

1944 College Art Jrnl. 4 49 Circumstances..prevented him from returning to America to become the first scholar in residence of the newly established Byzantine Research Institute.

2009 P. B. Stares & M. Zenko Enhancing U.S. Preventive Action 35 He has..been a NATO fellow and a scholar-in-residence at the MacArthur Foundation's Moscow office.

C3. Compounds with scholar's.

scholar's mate n. (also with capital initials) [so called with reference to the simplicity of this form of checkmate (compare fool's mate n. at fool n.¹ and adj. Compounds 4b); compare sense 1a] Chess a form of checkmate, most commonly given on White's fourth move by the queen (defended by a bishop) capturing the pawn on the square f7 which is defended only by the king on e8.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > check or checkmate

matec1330

mating?a1400

checkc1426

checkmatec1440

scholar's mate1614

fool's mate1618

scholar's check1674

perpetual check1750

smothered mate1804

sui-mate1846

selfmate1848

perpetual1966

1614 A. Saul Famous Game Chesse-play i. sig A8^v Then the blacke King shall giue mate at his fourth draught to the white King by taking the white Kings bishops pawne with his Queene, who shal be guarded with his owne Bishop, so that it is a schollers mate, but there is no man of iudgement in Chesse-play will take such a mate.

1787 R. Twiss Chess I. 137 The Scholar's Mate is given in four, and the Fool's Mate in two moves.

1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn I. vi. 68 James..put George on his back by a simple trip, akin to scholar's-mate at chess.

1919 Amer. Math. Monthly 26 311 Two or three experienced players explain the game to them, illustrating by means of simple games based on easy checkmates such as the ‘fool's mate’ and the ‘scholar's mate’.

1997 Times 13 Mar. 41/8 White's crude attempt with his second and third moves to play for Scholar's Mate on f7 is brusquely brushed aside.

† scholar's check n. Chess. Obsolete rare. a form of checkmate, most commonly given on White's fourth move by the queen (defended by a bishop) capturing the pawn on the square f7 which is defended only by the king on e8; = scholar's mate n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > check or checkmate

matec1330

mating?a1400

checkc1426

checkmatec1440

scholar's mate1614

fool's mate1618

scholar's check1674

perpetual check1750

smothered mate1804

sui-mate1846

selfmate1848

perpetual1966

1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 66 Play your Kings Rook one single remove, that there may be way made for the coming forth of Queen one way two houses asloap, and to your Kings Bishop the other way three houses asloap, and so upon the neglect of your adversary he may be put to a Scholars check, at least in danger of it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	scholar
释义	scholarn. Brit. /ˈskɒlə/, U.S. /ˈskɑlər/, Scottish English /ˈskɔlər/, Irish English /ˈskʌlər/ Forms: α. Old English sceolere (rare), Old English scoliere, Old English–1500s scolere, Middle English escolyer, Middle English scoleer, Middle English scolier, Middle English scollere, Middle English skolere, Middle English–1500s scholere, Middle English–1500s scolare, Middle English–1500s skoler, Middle English–1600s scholer, Middle English–1600s scolar, Middle English–1700s scoler, 1500s scolear, 1500s scooler, 1500s skolar, 1500s skoller, 1500s skouler, 1500s–1600s scholler, 1500s–1600s schoolar, 1500s–1600s scollar, 1500s–1600s scoller, 1500s–1600s sholar, 1500s–1600s sholler, 1500s–1600s skollar, 1500s–1700s schollar, 1500s– scholar, 1600s shooler, 1600s skooller, 1500s–1600s 1800s schooler, 1800s scholleare (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 schoiller, pre-1700 scholer, pre-1700 schollar, pre-1700 scholler, pre-1700 scholur, pre-1700 schoolar, pre-1700 schooler, pre-1700 scolar, pre-1700 scolare, pre-1700 scoleir, pre-1700 scolere, pre-1700 scoliler (transmission error), pre-1700 scollair, pre-1700 scollar, pre-1700 scollare, pre-1700 scolleir, pre-1700 scoller, pre-1700 scollere, pre-1700 scollour, pre-1700 scolour, pre-1700 scoolar, pre-1700 scooler, pre-1700 scoollar, pre-1700 scooller, pre-1700 scoular, pre-1700 shoaller, pre-1700 sholar, pre-1700 sholler, pre-1700 shooler, pre-1700 skollair, pre-1700 skollar, pre-1700 skoller, pre-1700 skooller, pre-1700 1700s– scholar, 1700s scholer, 1700s shoollar, 1800s schular, 1800s schuler; N.E.D. (1910) also records a form Middle English scoller. β. (regional and nonstandard in later use) 1500s–1900s schollard, 1600s– scholard, 1700s–1800s scollard, 1800s scollad, 1800s scollud, 1800s skollard, 1900s– scolard; Irish English 1800s scholart, 1800s skolard; Scottish pre-1700 scollerd, 1900s– scolart. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin scholaris; French escoler, escolier. Etymology: Originally (i) < post-classical Latin scholaris, scolaris (see below): subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman scoler, Anglo-Norman and Old French escoler, Anglo-Norman and Old French escolier (Middle French escolier , French écolier ) student or pupil taught in a school, person studying at a university (late 12th cent.), disciple, pupil of a master, philosopher, etc. (early 14th cent.) < post-classical Latin scholaris , scolaris pupil, student (from 8th cent. in British sources; from 9th cent. in continental sources), use as noun of scholaris of or relating to a school (4th cent.; < classical Latin schola school n.¹ + -āris -ar suffix¹), with suffix substitution (compare -ier -ier suffix).Compare classical Latin scholāris used in school (restored in the reading of a papyrus), scholārius (perhaps) connected with the schola in which a collegium met (attested in an inscription). The Latin noun was also borrowed or adopted into other European languages. Compare: (i) Middle Low German scholēr student or pupil taught in a school, university student, young prospective cleric, Old High German scuolari student or pupil taught in a school (Middle High German schuolære , schūler also university student, young prospective cleric, German Schüler student or pupil taught in a school, disciple); (reborrowed < Latin) German Scholar student, pupil, (now only) student of a grammar school or university in the Middle Ages (16th cent.); (via French) Middle Dutch scholāre , scholēr , scholier , schoelre (Dutch scholier ); (ii) Catalan escolar (15th cent.), Spanish escolar (13th cent.), Italian scolaro (13th cent.; rare before the 19th cent.). Specific forms. With forms in -er , -ere compare -er suffix¹. With forms in -our , -ur compare -our suffix. In Old English the word is attested earliest in the compound efen-scōlere fellow student (with reference to students of Aristotle) in the first half of the 10th cent. (compare even adj.¹ and n.² Compounds 2). The Old English form scōliere occurs only in the work of Byrhtferð (first half of the 11th cent.) and may be due to the influence of Abbo of Fleury, who had been his teacher at Ramsey; compare Anglo-Norman and Old French escolier , although this is first attested later. The Middle English form escolyer only occurs in the works of William Caxton and represents an apparently isolated adoption of Middle French escolier . Forms with medial -oo- , -ou- , (in Scots) -u- are influenced by school n.¹ With the β. forms compare -ard suffix. 1. a. A student or pupil who is taught in a school; esp. a boy or girl attending an elementary or primary school. Now Scottish and Irish English.See also day scholar n. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil discipleOE scholarOE clerka1425 pupil1531 eleve1736 school student1846 pup1871 society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] scholarOE schoolchild1595 student1764 schoolie1966 OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iv. ii. 232 We witon þæt iunge clericas þas þing ne cunnon, þeah þa scolieras þe on mynstre synd getydde þisra þinga gymon. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 51 A fraternite was begonne..of ȝonge scolers. 1402 T. Hoccleve Lepistre Cupide (Huntington) l. 211 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 300 Þat book scolers lerne in hir childhede. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 641 If any scolere in þe scole his skorne at him makis. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 2 He was never gud mastur that never was scoler. 1580 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 39 Disourdourit barnis and scholaris of the grammer schuil. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 266 Two schoole-maisters and threescore and ten schoolers. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 8 Some unwise friends..perswaded him [sc. my Father] to fasten me upon that School as Master, whereof I was lately a Scholler. 1700 B. H. Fables Young Æsop (ed. 4) 13 Let this Consideration rouse my young Schollar out of that Lethargy of childish Pleasures. 1749 S. Fielding Governess 78 Mrs. Teachum being now come into the Arbour, to see in what manner her little Scholars passed their Time, they all rose up to do her Reverence. 1808 W. Clark Let. 24 Nov. in J. Holmberg Dear Brother (2002) 174 A man..has commenced teaching with 12 Schoolers. 1820 R. Southey Life Wesley II. 162 In two or three months there were twenty-eight scholars, notwithstanding the strictness of the discipline. 1888 Contemp. Rev. July 39 An accurate inquiry disclosed the fact that 38 per cent. of these poor scholars were breakfastless every morning. 1934 Daily Mail 3 Jan. 6 The evergreen imagination of young scholars battling with examination papers probably produces more humour than the combined efforts of all the comic writers in the world. 2016 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 Nov. 37 Gaelic-medium playgroups,..duly followed by primary schools and streams in secondary schools, enabling scholars to experience an entire education through Gaelic. b. Originally: a person studying at an advanced level, esp. at a university or other higher educational institution; a member of a university or college. In later use: a junior or undergraduate member of a university. Now historical and in official use. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] scholara1400 studentc1450 collegian?1462 colligionist1570 velvet-cap1602 college-man1611 collegiate1616 matriculate1712 trencher-cap1721 collegianer1818 bursch1830 matriculator1850 matriculant1860 stude1907 Joe College1932 matriculand1954 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7999 Þe fourþe sone was a scoler, To lerne more he dyde hys power. 1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 3 Lettres patentes, made in Kyng Edward daies þe thridde, to þe scolers of Oxenford. 1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §36. m. 20 Your humble oratours and subgiettes, the chaunceler and scolers of the universite in your toune of Oxonford. 1530–1 Act 22 Henry VIII c. 12 sig. Ciii in Public Gen. Acts Scholers of the vniuersities of Oxforde and Cambrydge that go about beggynge. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 56^v Such a confusion of degrees, that the Scholler knoweth not his duetie to the Bachelor, nor the Bachelor to the Maister. 1613–14 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 94 Gave to ane Hungarian scoller for his supporte..3 lib. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 43 The Schollers here in the night commit many murthers. 1681 London Gaz. No. 1656/2 At the very Entrance whereof, the Scholars were placed; First, the Under-Graduates, then the Batchelors of Arts. 1735 Weekly Oracle 18 Jan. A young Scholar at Oxford..having two lewd Women with him, when the Proctor came upon him and upbraided him with having two such Women with him at a time, said, He could not help it. 1798 A. Wall Acct. Ceremonies Senate House Univ. Cambr. 194 If any of the name or kindred of the founder should happen to be poor, and to be a scholar in the university, he shall be preferred to have the benefit of this maintenance, before any other scholar. 1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. lix. Preamble The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Oxford. 1902 J. Corbin Amer. in Paris iii. 229 At nineteen..the mediæval student might, if he were clever, be a master of arts, lecturing and disputing in schools for the benefit of the bachelors and scholars of the university. 1978 M. Barber Trial of Templars ii. 63 Prominent among those present were the canons, the religious and secular masters, and the bachelors and scholars of the University of Paris. 2014 A. Komine Keynes & his Contemporaries Pref. p. xx My special thanks are due to the following individuals and institutions..: the Masters and Scholars of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. c. A student at a school, college, or university who receives funding towards the cost of his or her education, and sometimes special status or other benefits, usually as a reward for academic or other achievement; the recipient of a scholarship. Cf. scholarship n. 1. This sense gradually emerged from sense 1b. In the medieval and early modern period, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, as well as certain schools such as Eton, Winchester, and Westminster, were originally established as endowed institutions, taking small numbers of scholars who were all maintained by the foundation. From the 16th century onwards they began to admit larger numbers of fee-paying students, and a distinction developed between scholars (students on the foundation) and other ranks of students such as commoners, pensioners, etc.Fulbright scholar, king's scholar, Rhodes scholar, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > financed pupil or student bursar1567 scholar1593 student?1784 foundationer1839 society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student with scholarship scholar1593 exhibitioner1679 Rhodes scholar1902 Rhodesian1905 Fulbrighter1953 Rhodes1995 schoolmaster student1997 1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Middlesex i. 45 Queene Elizabeth made it a collegiate Church: instituting a Deane, twelue Prebends, twelue well deseruing soldiers, and fortie schollers: who are thereby termed The Queenes schollers, who, as they become woorthie, are preferred to the Vniuersities. 1634 J. Scot Found. Univ. Cambr. (single sheet) There is now in the same a Master, 6 Fellows, 10 Scholars, 9 Exhibitioners, besides Officers and Servants of the foundation, with other Students, being in all 150. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires iii. Argt. 31 I remember I Translated this Satyr, when I was a Kings-Scholar at Westminster School, for a Thursday Nights Exercise. 1708 Truth of Case 37 As for his Son, particularly, If I liv'd till he was capable of it, I would make him a Queen's-Scholar, have him bred up at the College-School. a1750 J. Mottley Hist. & Surv. Cities London & Westm. (1753) II. iv. i. 33 Exhibitions. One for a Scholar, at Cambridge. Another for a Scholar, at Oxford, founded by Mr. Thomas Russel. 1831 Oxf. Univ. Herald 11 June 3/2 On Monday last, Mr. Spranger, commoner of Exeter Coll. was elected a Scholar of that Society. 1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green v. 38 A scholar's gown was accordingly produced. 1857 Act 20 & 21 Victoria c. 84 Sched. §71 The foundation scholars at the lower school [of Dulwich College] shall be appointed by the governors. 1912 Univ. Chicago Mag. Dec. 40 A successful examination does not insure the appointment of a candidate to a scholarship, inasmuch as only one scholar is selected in any one year. 1941 World Affairs 104 116/2 He took his M.A. degree at Harvard, was Rhodes scholar at Oxford, England, and studied in Paris. 2016 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 24 Aug. The Victory Scholar Program will pay for $2.3m (£1.74m) in education to the scholars going to nine universities this year. Six will attend Ulster University, with two golf scholars and four in basketball. 2. a. A person who is highly educated and knowledgeable, usually as a result of studying at a university; (in early use) esp. a person who has knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages and their literature. In later use chiefly: a person who pursues or is expert in a particular field of study, esp. in the humanities. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > educated in the schools scholarOE man of schoola1450 OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 92 Swa eac þa scolieras witon þe synt getydde on boclicum cræfte..þæt þæt rihtmeteruers sceal habban feower and twentig timan. c1300 St. Francis (Laud) l. 154 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 58 Bernard, þat was a guod scholer, formest to him cam. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 3077 Ȝyf þou be prout of þy cunnyng, Þat þou hast lerned moche þyng, As sum man ys þat ys scolere. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 20682 (MED) Vnder hyre [sc. Astronomy's] protecciouns I make dyvynaciouns, And by hyr power grauntyd me I have scolerys two or thre Wych that on me euere abyde. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxiv. f. 48^v In the habite of a scholer of philosophye. 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. f. 38 Will Somer if he liued, by such meanes might dispute with the best Scholer in Englande. 1607 Merrie Iests George Peele 16 Hee goes directly to the Maior tels him he was a scholler and a gentleman. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. i. 74 He is a better scholler then I thought he was. View more context for this quotation 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. vi. 11 An ignorant mans faith..may be as strong as the faith of the greatest Scholler. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 262 He..made me..a much better Scholar in the Scripture Knowledge, than I should ever have been by my own private meer Reading. 1781 S. Johnson Akenside in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 10 A very conspicuous specimen of Latinity, which entitled him to the same height of place among the scholars as he possessed before among the wits. 1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 41 Matthew Field belonged to that class of modest divines who affect to mix in equal proportion the gentleman, the scholar, and the Christian. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiii. 220 Thus the clergy for a thousand years have been the scholars of the nation. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 362/2 Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540–1609), the greatest scholar of modern times. 1951 Princeton Alumni Weekly 28 Sept. 8/2 A Milton scholar, Mr Kelley has been a member of the faculty since he received his Ph.D. at Princeton. 1969 Alcalde June 15/1 You can stay home and see a professor or the best scholar in the world talk about a subject, so the university today has to serve a different purpose. 2008 Ebony Apr. 118/2 A true renaissance man of the African Diaspora..a filmmaker, author, scholar and the chairman of New York University's Africana Studies Program. †b. depreciative. A person who possesses academic learning or theoretical knowledge but lacks practical skills or worldly experience. Obsolete. The scholar often appeared as a stock character in satires of the early modern period, depicted as an object of ridicule by courtiers and gallants, and mocked for being poor, unfashionable, and socially awkward. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary world > [noun] > literary man scholarc1600 man of letters1645 literator1710 literarian1740 literary gent1773 literary1801 littérateur1806 c1600 Pilgrimage i, in Three Parnassus Plays (1949) 98 Let schollers be as thriftie as they maye, They will be poore ere theire last dyinge daye. 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. v. sig. I3^v If I had no Musique in me, no Courtship; that I were not a Reueller and could daunce, or had not those excellent qualities that giue a man Life, and Perfection, but a meere poore Scholler as he is, I thinke I should make some desperate way with my selfe. 1606 Returne from Pernassus ii. vi. sig. D3^v Let mee define a meere Scholler... He is one that cannot make a good legge, one that cannot eate a messe of broth cleanly. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xxv. sig. E8 A downe-right Scholler... He is good mettal in the inside, though rough & vnscour'd without, and therefore hated of the Courtier, that is quite contrary. 1697 G. Stanhope tr. P. Charron Of Wisdom I. xxxix. 359 In all Countries, and all Languages, Pedant and Scholar are Terms of Ridicule and Reproach. To do a thing aukwardly, is to do it like a Scholar. To behave one's self like a Clown, and be ignorant of the World, is to be a mere Scholar. c. In (humorous) representations of uneducated speech: a person whom the speaker regards as well educated; a person who is able to read and write. Frequently in dialect form scholard, schollard, etc. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > person with school-learning scholara1644 school-scholar1692 literate1875 a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 43 The Vicar of our Parish..being so good a Churchman, and so great a Schollard, and can speake Latine too. 1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all ii. 20 Nay, faith Sir, I am not so good a Schollard to say much. 1678 Quack's Acad. 5 The admiring Patient shall certainly cry you up for a great Schollard; provided always your Nonesense be fluent. 1733 London Mag. Oct. 508/1 Now az he iz my only Cheeld, 'che have broft'n up a Schollard: And 'che thost vor to zendon to the Varsity at Kambridge. ?1774 R. Sanders Lucubrations Gaffer Graybeard III. xxxix. 10 This proposal was overruled by another of the 'squires, who took notice that the schoolmaster was a better schollard than the curate, and he was the most proper person to be employed. 1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 207 He [sc. a lad of thirteen] is a great ‘scholar’, too, to use the country phrase. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. i. iii. 17 You know Mark was a schollard, sir, like my poor, poor sister. 1893 F. Peel Spen Valley xiii. 274 When the paper was bought by Law's work-people, they had to seek up John Jowett, or some other scholar to read it aloud to them. 1923 Boy's Own Paper June 510/1 You are a bit of a scholard, Lopez, ready with your fist when a quill is stuck into it, and a pot of ink handy near by. Quite a scholard. 1969 Listener 6 Feb. 109/1 Many Gypsies, on the other hand, despise education. Dick Florence talked in his trailer caravan by a roadside in North Wales..about ‘scholars’—that is literate people—whom he had met in the army. 1993 T. Pears In Place of Fallen Leaves (1995) ix. 83 Her father became such a scholard that he spoilt his ballot paper in the next election by signing his initials, instead of the X that he assumed was merely intended to represent the mark of an uneducated man. 3. a. A person who is receiving, or has received, his or her instruction or training from a particular teacher, philosopher, artist, etc.; a pupil (of a teacher). Also figurative. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil > pupil of tutor scholarOE tutee1927 OE Wulfstan Canons of Edgar (Corpus Cambr.) (1972) x. 4 We lærað þæt ænig preost ne underfo oðres scolere buton þæs leafe þe he ær folgode. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 250 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 500 His scolers þat ihurde of him gode men were ynouȝ. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Ine þis clergie heþ dame auarice uele scolers. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 195 Pictagoras hadde þis manere by [emended in ed. to by the] seuene sciences: non of his scoleres schulde to fore þe seuenþe ȝere axe resoun noþer skile of his lore. ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 639 (MED) And Musyk hadde..Boece, hire clerke..Forto practyse with sugred melodye, He and his scolers theyre wyttes dydde applye With touche off strenges on orgons eke pleyng Theyre craffte to shewe. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 197^v Hys escolyers that lerned of hym. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iii. vii. f. 53 (MED) This be sothely disciples & scoleres of this wrechid olde, þat ful gladly study in hire lore & haue long tyme contynued hire scole. 1583 in Sc. Notes & Queries (1898) 1st Ser. 11 50/2 That masters instruct their schollers in the falshood of these tenetts. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. xv. 102 Thy Master dies thy Scholler; to do thus I learnt of thee. View more context for this quotation 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 31 We are become..the backwardest Schollers, of whom God offer'd to have made us the teachers. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 57 While he was..young, he was Scholar to Thales. a1742 J. Hammond Love Elegies (1743) xiii. 16 And teach my lovely Scholar all I know. 1798 Monthly Rev. Dec. 423 The Scholar of Plato, Aristotle, an incomparably superior philosopher, actually promised..to explain the nature of signs. 1869 Ld. Tennyson Coming of Arthur 153 Merlin's master (so they call him) Bleys, Who taught him magic; but the scholar ran Before the master. 1896 W. Besant Master Craftsman I. v. 89 It looks like Grinling Gibbons, though. He may have done it—or perhaps one of his scholars. 1919 Bull. Metrop. Mus. Art 14 88/1 For years this artist was confused with Marco Vecellio, a favorite nephew and scholar of Titian, who spent many years in the workshop of this master. 1952 Legislative Assembly Deb. (Gold Coast) No. 3. 583 It is like a question which one of Socrates' scholars asked him. †b. A person who follows or is influenced by the teaching or example of a particular person; a disciple. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > disciple discipleeOE followereOE childOE scholara1425 lererc1440 discipless1611 acolyte1623 chela1834 a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 30 (MED) Bot þen is þe vse iuel when it is swollen wiþ pride..& makeþ hem prees for to be holden..proude scolers of þe deuel & maysters of vanite & of falsheed. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. Prol. l. 473 Virgill..Pardon thy scolar. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 10 That they were the ministers of Christ and the Apostles scholers. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. vii. 12 To professe themselues therein schollers and followers of the auncient. 1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices ii. 50 Gower and his Scholler Chaucer. 1759 S. Johnson Idler 4 Aug. 241 The Romans confessed themselves the Scholars of the Greeks. 1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly 39 Your masters, who are his [sc. Rousseau's] scholars. 1842 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. V. viii. 127 They think it a fine thing to..profess themselves the devil's scholars. 4. With qualifying adjective: a person considered with regard to his or her aptitude for learning. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > quick or slow scholar1440 slow learner1837 slow starter1851 1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 180 A redy, a good skolere, To holy ordres he hastith now. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 275 Þe lest scoler of hors had byn wyse ynogh forto haue ouercome hyr. 1580 J. Tuttoft Let. in A. H. Smith et al. Papers N. Bacon of Stiffkey (1983) II. 125 Tel hur that letel Bety is a great scoller & doth larn as fast as I can tech hur. a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. C4^v Prince. Dost think thy Lady is of thy opinion? Gent. She's a bad Scholar else, I have brought her up, and she dares owe me still. 1687 in J. G. Dunlop Dunlop Papers (1953) III. 42 The littl ons are very weall. Sandie is a great scholar. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 249 He was the aptest Schollar that ever was. 1733 Duchess of Queensberry Let. 21 Feb. in J. Swift Corr. (1965) IV. 4806 I am concious of only one [good quality]—that is—being an appt Scholar. 1760 W. Romaine 12 Disc. Law & Gospel. i. 35 The natural man is a bad scholar at this humbling lesson. He learns it very slowly, and with great pain and difficulty. 1853 Mass. Teacher 6 250 Girls of a certain age are quicker to learn and better scholars than boys of the same age. 1919 G. Whipple Vital Statistics xii. 400 The frequency with which we find good scholars and poor scholars among both men and women. 1960 O. Manning Great Fortune iv. 233 Always was a poor scholar. Never could remember anything. 2016 washingtonpost.com (Nexis) 19 Apr. Senators are becoming quick scholars of international law. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, as scholar-craft, scholar phrase, scholar program, etc. ΚΠ 1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. C4^v That womens will borne common scholler phrase. 1661 Edinb. Test. LXX. f. 130, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Scolarcraft I leive my haill books..to my thrie sones..if they all follow furth the scollercraft according to the callinges they sall follow. 1820 W. Scott Monastery I. x. 309 And since you like scholar-craft so well, Mary Avenel, you will see whether Edward or I have most of it. 2007 K. Merida & M. A. Fletcher Supreme Discomfort xii. 300 The student was in the scholar program at the university's Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs. b. Appositive, as scholar-critic, scholar-poet, scholar-teacher, etc. ΚΠ 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote xviii. 110 The Scholler Poet, son to Don Diego. 1671 J. Eachard Some Observ. Answer to Grounds Contempt of Clergy 22 A Learned Scholar-Preacher can neither keep the People awake, nor make them write after him. 1760 W. Law Coll. Lett. Interesting & Important Subj. xxv. 220 Here now comes the Scholar-Critic, and finds, that Matters stand not thus now. 1815 J. Bentham Chrestomathia ii. 8 Each such class under the direction of its Scholar Teacher. 1894 Dublin Rev. Oct. 340 The serene scholar-saint, the Benedictine, Jean Mabillon. 1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Apr. 312/2 Dr. Mardersteig's position in typographical history as at once an artist-printer and a scholar-publisher. 1992 Sports Illustr. 31 Aug. 1/1 (advt.) Being a scholar-athlete takes more than brains and brawn. C2. scholar-in-residence n. (a title given to) a person employed, usually for a specified period, as a lecturer, researcher, etc., at a university, institute, or other organization. ΚΠ 1944 College Art Jrnl. 4 49 Circumstances..prevented him from returning to America to become the first scholar in residence of the newly established Byzantine Research Institute. 2009 P. B. Stares & M. Zenko Enhancing U.S. Preventive Action 35 He has..been a NATO fellow and a scholar-in-residence at the MacArthur Foundation's Moscow office. C3. Compounds with scholar's. scholar's mate n. (also with capital initials) [so called with reference to the simplicity of this form of checkmate (compare fool's mate n. at fool n.¹ and adj. Compounds 4b); compare sense 1a] Chess a form of checkmate, most commonly given on White's fourth move by the queen (defended by a bishop) capturing the pawn on the square f7 which is defended only by the king on e8. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > check or checkmate matec1330 mating?a1400 checkc1426 checkmatec1440 scholar's mate1614 fool's mate1618 scholar's check1674 perpetual check1750 smothered mate1804 sui-mate1846 selfmate1848 perpetual1966 1614 A. Saul Famous Game Chesse-play i. sig A8^v Then the blacke King shall giue mate at his fourth draught to the white King by taking the white Kings bishops pawne with his Queene, who shal be guarded with his owne Bishop, so that it is a schollers mate, but there is no man of iudgement in Chesse-play will take such a mate. 1787 R. Twiss Chess I. 137 The Scholar's Mate is given in four, and the Fool's Mate in two moves. 1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn I. vi. 68 James..put George on his back by a simple trip, akin to scholar's-mate at chess. 1919 Amer. Math. Monthly 26 311 Two or three experienced players explain the game to them, illustrating by means of simple games based on easy checkmates such as the ‘fool's mate’ and the ‘scholar's mate’. 1997 Times 13 Mar. 41/8 White's crude attempt with his second and third moves to play for Scholar's Mate on f7 is brusquely brushed aside. † scholar's check n. Chess. Obsolete rare. a form of checkmate, most commonly given on White's fourth move by the queen (defended by a bishop) capturing the pawn on the square f7 which is defended only by the king on e8; = scholar's mate n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > check or checkmate matec1330 mating?a1400 checkc1426 checkmatec1440 scholar's mate1614 fool's mate1618 scholar's check1674 perpetual check1750 smothered mate1804 sui-mate1846 selfmate1848 perpetual1966 1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 66 Play your Kings Rook one single remove, that there may be way made for the coming forth of Queen one way two houses asloap, and to your Kings Bishop the other way three houses asloap, and so upon the neglect of your adversary he may be put to a Scholars check, at least in danger of it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scholarv. Brit. /ˈskɒlə/, U.S. /ˈskɑlər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: scholar n. Etymology: < scholar n. 1. intransitive. To act like a scholar or learner; to hold the position of a scholar. rare. ΚΠ 1793 F. Burney Diary & Let. 14 Feb. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) II. 14 I have been scholaring all day—& mastering too,—for our lessonings are mutual. 1925 J. G. Cozzens Michael Scarlett iv. 96 After that, since London was grown hot, I came back here where I scholared at Benet, called Christ's Cadaver. 1967 Pharos-Tribune & Press (Logansport, Indiana) 8 May 9/1 Bennett, scholaring at Furman University, made the grade as a freshman. 2016 Chron. Higher Educ. (Nexis) 27 Nov. The technology for print on demand allows publishers to contain inventory and warehousing costs and still satisfy the small but important market that keeps teachers teaching, thinkers thinking, and scholars, um, scholaring. 2. transitive. To educate (a person); to instruct or train (a person, a faculty, etc.). Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] tighta1000 teec1000 thewc1175 forma1340 informc1350 nurturec1475 train1531 breeda1568 train1600 to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612 scholar1807 educate1826 society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] to teach of1297 exercec1374 informc1384 schoolc1456 break1474 instruct1510 nuzzle1519 train1531 train1542 frame1547 experience?c1550 to trade up1556 disciplinea1586 disciple1596 nursle1596 accommodate1640 educate1643 model1665 form1711 to break in1785 scholar1807 1807 Lady Morgan Patriotic Sketches Ireland I. x. 145 The ear..formed to the style of foreign harmony, and scholared into taste by the theories of recondite science, may indeed no longer convey to the heart that poignant thrill of national emotion. 1867 Quiver 16 Mar. 403/2 Thou must go and be scholared, and after a while I will lend thee this book of mine. 1883 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 21 Apr. 5/3 Smith and Kavanagh were scholared by Carey, but the evidence of Kavanagh was insufficient..to corroborate the evidence of Carey. 1918 K. F. Purdon Dinny of Doorstep iv. 101 Of coorse you should be scholared; what use is a body that has no book-l'arning! 1950 Blizzard (Oil City, Pa.) 10 Oct. 4/2 His father was an outstanding attorney, who was scholared in England. 1993 S. Stewart Ramlin Rose ii. 7 She wanted us to come to school to be scholared. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEv.1793
随便看	imitates imitating imitation imitation morocco imitational imitationist imitations imitative imitative arts imitative word imitatively imitativeness imitativenesses imitator imitators imitatorship imitatress imitatresses imitatrices imitatrix imitatrixes imitature immaculable immaculacies immaculacy

scholarn.

Compounds

scholarv.