saxifragen.

/ˈsaksɪfrɪdʒ/

Forms: Also 1500s saxfrage, saxefrage, sixfrag(e, 1600s saxafrage, saxaphrage, 1700s saxifrige.

Etymology: < Old French saxifrage, saxefrage, sassifrage (13th cent.), < Latin saxifraga (sc. herba ), in Pliny saxifragum (sc. adiantum ): see saxifragine n. Medieval Latin had also saxifragia, -fragium (Italian sassifraga, -fragia). The Latin name (= rock-breaking) was probably given because many species are found growing among stones and in the clefts of rocks. Pliny preferred to derive it from the supposed lithontriptic virtue of the plant ( H.N. xxii. xxi. §64 calculos e corpore mire pellit frangitque), and this view has had great currency; but saxum is far from being synonymous with calculus.

a. Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, esp. S. granulata (White Meadow Saxifrage). The numerous species are mostly dwarf herbs with tufted foliage and panicles of white, yellow or red flowers; many root in the clefts of rocks. Also applied to related plants, as the genus Chrysosplenium ( Golden Saxifrage), Pimpinella Saxifraga ( Burnet or Rough Saxifrage) and P. magna ( Great Saxifrage), Silaus pratensis ( Meadow or Pepper Saxifrage), the genus Seseli ( Meadow Saxifrage).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [noun]

sengreenc1000

wayworta1300

saxifragec1440

stonebreak1548

grass of Parnassus1578

mountain pennywort1578

white liverwort1597

breakstone1688

Parnassia1727

mitella1731

lady's cushion1739

tiarella1759

American bastard sanicle1760

sanicle1760

mitrewort1771

queen's cushion1825

bishop's-cap1839

astilbe1843

coolwort1848

mitrewort1848

rodgersia1874

chrysosplene1877

rockfoil1879

old man's beard1882

foam flower1895

Indian rhubarb1897

mossy1938

piggyback plant1946

heucherella1949

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 442/1 Saxifrage, herbe, Saxifragium, Saxifragia.

c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 163 Saxifragia uel saxifraga similis est pimpinello, radice utimur, g^e. et a^e. saxifrage.

1526 Grete Herball ccccxxxviii. sig. Ziij/2 De Saxifraga minori. The lesse saxifrage.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. H.iiij^v The englishe mens Saxifragia, which they cal Saxifrage, hath leaues lyke smal perseley, & it groweth in middowes.

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. N.vii Mingle it wyth Gillofloures and Sixfrag.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. O iiij Pimpinell or roughe saxifrage.

1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 68 The white Saxifrage with the indented leafe is moste commended for the breakinge of the stone.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cii. 287 Of white Saxifrage or Stone~breake.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cii. 288 Golden Saxifrage.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 887 Burnet Saxifrage. Pimpinella Saxifraga.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 218 So Saxifrage is good, and Harts-tongue for the Stone.

1651 D. Border Πολυϕαρμακος και Χυμιστης 139 The root of Saxafrage drunk with Wine and Vinegar cureth the Pestilence.

1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 132 Whether the Seseli..be a species distinct from our English Meadow Saxifrage?

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 277 Common White Saxifrage flowers early and in great quantities among the grass.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 295 Peucedanum Silaus..Meadow Saxifrage, or Sulphurwort.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 486/1 White or Granulated Meadow Saxifrage.

1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 547/1 Silaus pratensis, Meadow Pepper Saxifrage.

1858 C. Kingsley Chalk-stream Stud. in Misc. (1860) I. 164 The first stars of the white saxifrage,..which shine upon some green cushion of wet moss.

b. (with plural) Any member of the genus Saxifraga or of the N.O. Saxifragaceæ.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ci. 286 The smal Saxifrages growe vnder hedges.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 276 In the second [order] you have all the Saxifrages, forty-two in number.

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 53 The Saxifrages of the division Euaizonia.

†2. Applied to caraway-seed. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > caraway seed

caraway-seed1548

caraway1557

saxifrage1697

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 350 Carum grows plentifully in our Pastures; the seed they call Saxifrage, which they gather and send to London.

3. Misused for sassafras n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > sassafras

sassafras1577

ague tree1597

sassafras-tree1597

saxifrage1670

virgin-tree1866

sassafras laurel1878

1670 D. Denton Brief Descr. N.-Y. 4 The greatest part of the Island is very full of Timber, as..Maples, Cedars, Saxifrage, Beach.

Compounds

attributive, as saxifrage-root, saxifrage-seed, saxifrage-water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [adjective]

saxifrage1547

saxifragaceous1845

saxifragal1846

tiarella1871

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxiiii^v Put therto .iii vnces of saxfrage rotes.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxiiii^v I did take..of saxfrage sedes..an vnce.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 101/2 Strawberry, or Saxifrage-Water.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 486/1 The roots of this species [Saxifraga granulata], forming as they do little granular masses, were at one time sold in the shops under the name of saxifrage seed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	saxifrage
释义	saxifragen. /ˈsaksɪfrɪdʒ/ Forms: Also 1500s saxfrage, saxefrage, sixfrag(e, 1600s saxafrage, saxaphrage, 1700s saxifrige. Etymology: < Old French saxifrage, saxefrage, sassifrage (13th cent.), < Latin saxifraga (sc. herba ), in Pliny saxifragum (sc. adiantum ): see saxifragine n. Medieval Latin had also saxifragia, -fragium (Italian sassifraga, -fragia). The Latin name (= rock-breaking) was probably given because many species are found growing among stones and in the clefts of rocks. Pliny preferred to derive it from the supposed lithontriptic virtue of the plant ( H.N. xxii. xxi. §64 calculos e corpore mire pellit frangitque), and this view has had great currency; but saxum is far from being synonymous with calculus. 1. a. Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, esp. S. granulata (White Meadow Saxifrage). The numerous species are mostly dwarf herbs with tufted foliage and panicles of white, yellow or red flowers; many root in the clefts of rocks. Also applied to related plants, as the genus Chrysosplenium ( Golden Saxifrage), Pimpinella Saxifraga ( Burnet or Rough Saxifrage) and P. magna ( Great Saxifrage), Silaus pratensis ( Meadow or Pepper Saxifrage), the genus Seseli ( Meadow Saxifrage). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [noun] sengreenc1000 wayworta1300 saxifragec1440 stonebreak1548 grass of Parnassus1578 mountain pennywort1578 white liverwort1597 breakstone1688 Parnassia1727 mitella1731 lady's cushion1739 tiarella1759 American bastard sanicle1760 sanicle1760 mitrewort1771 queen's cushion1825 bishop's-cap1839 astilbe1843 coolwort1848 mitrewort1848 rodgersia1874 chrysosplene1877 rockfoil1879 old man's beard1882 foam flower1895 Indian rhubarb1897 mossy1938 piggyback plant1946 heucherella1949 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 442/1 Saxifrage, herbe, Saxifragium, Saxifragia. c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 163 Saxifragia uel saxifraga similis est pimpinello, radice utimur, g^e. et a^e. saxifrage. 1526 Grete Herball ccccxxxviii. sig. Ziij/2 De Saxifraga minori. The lesse saxifrage. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. H.iiij^v The englishe mens Saxifragia, which they cal Saxifrage, hath leaues lyke smal perseley, & it groweth in middowes. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. N.vii Mingle it wyth Gillofloures and Sixfrag. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. O iiij Pimpinell or roughe saxifrage. 1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 68 The white Saxifrage with the indented leafe is moste commended for the breakinge of the stone. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cii. 287 Of white Saxifrage or Stone~breake. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cii. 288 Golden Saxifrage. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 887 Burnet Saxifrage. Pimpinella Saxifraga. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 218 So Saxifrage is good, and Harts-tongue for the Stone. 1651 D. Border Πολυϕαρμακος και Χυμιστης 139 The root of Saxafrage drunk with Wine and Vinegar cureth the Pestilence. 1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 132 Whether the Seseli..be a species distinct from our English Meadow Saxifrage? 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 277 Common White Saxifrage flowers early and in great quantities among the grass. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 295 Peucedanum Silaus..Meadow Saxifrage, or Sulphurwort. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 486/1 White or Granulated Meadow Saxifrage. 1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 547/1 Silaus pratensis, Meadow Pepper Saxifrage. 1858 C. Kingsley Chalk-stream Stud. in Misc. (1860) I. 164 The first stars of the white saxifrage,..which shine upon some green cushion of wet moss. b. (with plural) Any member of the genus Saxifraga or of the N.O. Saxifragaceæ. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ci. 286 The smal Saxifrages growe vnder hedges. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xix. 276 In the second [order] you have all the Saxifrages, forty-two in number. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 53 The Saxifrages of the division Euaizonia. †2. Applied to caraway-seed. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > caraway seed caraway-seed1548 caraway1557 saxifrage1697 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 350 Carum grows plentifully in our Pastures; the seed they call Saxifrage, which they gather and send to London. 3. Misused for sassafras n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > sassafras sassafras1577 ague tree1597 sassafras-tree1597 saxifrage1670 virgin-tree1866 sassafras laurel1878 1670 D. Denton Brief Descr. N.-Y. 4 The greatest part of the Island is very full of Timber, as..Maples, Cedars, Saxifrage, Beach. Compounds attributive, as saxifrage-root, saxifrage-seed, saxifrage-water. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [adjective] saxifrage1547 saxifragaceous1845 saxifragal1846 tiarella1871 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxiiii^v Put therto .iii vnces of saxfrage rotes. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxiiii^v I did take..of saxfrage sedes..an vnce. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 101/2 Strawberry, or Saxifrage-Water. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 486/1 The roots of this species [Saxifraga granulata], forming as they do little granular masses, were at one time sold in the shops under the name of saxifrage seed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.c1440
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