satin.

Brit.

/ˈsʌtiː/, U.S.

/səˈti/,

/ˈsəˌti/

Forms: 1700s– sati, 1700s– suttee, 1800s–1900s sattee, 1800s–1900s sutti, 1800s– satti, 1800s shuttee.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit satī.

Etymology: < Sanskrit satī good woman, faithful wife, (in later use) specifically one who immolates herself on her husband's funeral pyre, use as noun of the feminine of sant (also with weak stem sat ) real, true, literally ‘existing’ (use as adjective of the present participle of as- to be, live, exist: see be v.). With sense 2 compare the Sanskrit derivative satītva faithfulness of a wife, also used to denote the practice.Although sati is now the preferred form in India and in scholarly use, suttee is still common in non-scholarly use outside India. The form shuttee reflects a Bengali pronunciation. N.E.D. (1918) enters this under the headword suttee and gives the pronunciation as (sɒtī·) /sʌˈtiː/.

1. A woman who follows the Hindu custom of sati (see sense 2a), typically by immolation on her husband's funeral pyre. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > person who commits suicide > [noun] > type of

sati1786

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre

sati1786

1786 in Papers E. India Affairs: Hindoo Widows & Voluntary Immolations (1821) i. 3 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 749) XVIII. 295 We were informed the suttee (for that is the name given to the person who so devotes herself) had passed, and her track was marked by the goolol and betel leaf, which she had scattered as she went along.

1828 Christian Remembrancer July 444/1 How can you tell when it is a woman's fate to be a Suttee?.. Can you discover, before the death of her husband, that it is her fate to be buried alive?

1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 127 Her relations drove her to the faggots, for the family of a suttee are held in much esteem.

1905 Westm. Gaz. 14 Mar. 10/1 The accused Juggernath Missir, beyond saying that his mother died as ‘sati’ on the same day that his father died, refused to make any statement.

2014 Artibus Asiae 74 249 As several Rajput men and women have explained to me, women who perform jauhar are not considered widows, and..neither are satis.

a. A practice followed within some Hindu communities, in which a woman kills herself as an act of piety or devotion soon after the death of her husband, typically by immolation on her husband's funeral pyre; an example or instance of this ritual. Frequently in to commit sati.In some cases a widow may be forced or coerced into committing sati. The custom, which has long been controversial, was outlawed in India in 1829; the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act (1987) made it illegal to support or glorify the ritual as well as to perform or attempt to perform it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > suicide > [noun] > types of

sati1806

satiism1828

hara-kiri1856

junshi1871

seppuku1871

ritual suicide1903

murder-suicide1904

autocide1923

mass suicide1937

doctor-assisted suicide1975

self-deliverance1975

self-deliveration1975

assisted suicide1976

suicide by cop1986

bullycide2001

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre > custom of

widow-burning1767

sati1806

satiism1828

1806 La Belle Assemblée Aug. To Correspondents A curious authentic account of a Suttee which took place last year at Barod, shall appear in our next.

1813 in Papers E. India Affairs: Hindoo Widows & Voluntary Immolations (1821) 33 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 749) XVIII. 295 To require that any express leave..be required, previously to the performance of the act of ‘suttee’.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 778/2 Suttee in native states..he [sc. Lord Dalhousie] kept down with an iron hand.

1949 Bull. Deccan Coll. Post-Grad. & Res. Inst. 1948 9 11 The local tradition ascribed the sculpture to a woman who committed Sati in remote antiquity, and was in consequence worshipped as a devi.

1997 H. Kureishi Love in Blue Time 69 I'm oppressed, you see, beaten up, pig-ignorant with an arranged marriage and certain suttee ahead.

2014 Free Press Jrnl. (India) (Nexis) 15 Dec. A 65-year-old woman..allegedly committed ‘Sati’ by jumping on the funeral pyre of her husband..at Parmaniya village..on Saturday noon.

b. In extended use: any similar custom or practice in which a person chooses to die or is killed after the death of a spouse. Also: (chiefly Archaeology) a funerary rite in which one or more family member, servant, etc., is killed or interred alongside the person who has died; frequently in sati burial.

ΚΠ

1861 All Year Round 28 Sept. 5/2 The Chinese Suttee, when it occurs, is the self-sacrifice of widows, who are also orphans and childless; who consider themselves useless.

1882 Trans. Glasgow Archaeol. Soc. 2 120 The northern nations continued to burn their dead up till the beginning of the Christian era. The cruel custom of suttee was practised till that time by them.

1931 Jrnl. de la Société des Américanistes de Paris 23 137 It is important to add a..note of the existence of suttee among the Chickasaw.

1941 Bull. Mus. Fine Arts 39 7/2 The startling, and to our minds rather horrible, custom of sati-burial,—the placing of servants and members of the household in the tomb with the chief personage, either buried alive or killed for the purpose at the time of the funeral.

2013 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 117 602/1 (note) Scythian women followed the custom of suttee.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts. A thing or (occasionally) person likened to sati (in sense 1 or (more usually) 2); esp. with reference to (a) the withdrawal of a woman from society or from worldly life after the death or departure of a husband or lover (b) deliberate (typically public) action which is disastrously damaging to oneself or one's interests.

ΚΠ

1833 T. Hook Widow vii, in Love & Pride I. 174 Pratt..gave an account of the proceedings at one of these European suttees.

1841 Standard 24 Nov. Whig Radicalism may be said to have performed suttee.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Let. 25 Dec. (1945) II. 616 You dear Suttees—you get ready and glorify in being martyrized.

1887 Queanbeyan (New S. Wales) Age 6 Aug. Suppl. She made an ‘effort to induce’ the young duchess to imitate her own ostentatious widowhood, but the young woman very sensibly refused to perform this moral suttee.

1932 Cheltenham Chron. 3 Sept. 4/5 Moths that commit imperfect suttee against the electric bulbs and drop into the tea cup.

1982 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 22 Nov. Eric Murray's retirement does not oblige me to commit ‘sati’.

2007 New Yorker 26 Nov. 161/1 He had fought in the Crimea, had witnessed the bloody suttee of that campaign, where men willingly sacrificed themselves on that national pyre, and for nothing.

Derivatives

ˈsatiism n. (more usually sutteeism) the practice of sati.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > suicide > [noun] > types of

sati1806

satiism1828

hara-kiri1856

junshi1871

seppuku1871

ritual suicide1903

murder-suicide1904

autocide1923

mass suicide1937

doctor-assisted suicide1975

self-deliverance1975

self-deliveration1975

assisted suicide1976

suicide by cop1986

bullycide2001

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre > custom of

widow-burning1767

sati1806

satiism1828

1828 Eclectic Rev. 29 Gen. Index The increased frequency of Sutteeism in Bengal.

1829 J. Tod Ann. & Antiq. Rajasthan I. 635 Hindu missionaries, who might be brought to advocate the abolition of Satiism.

1867 Eclectic Rev. 13 94 The Sutteeism of China is by self-strangulation.

1935 Daily Mail (Hull) 25 May 3/5 The lot of women in the Turkish Empire was degrading. In India it was distressing—to name only Sutteeism.

2003 A. Durham Young Men surviving Child Sexual Abuse i. 4 Historically, patriarchal relations have been responsible for circumstances of extreme violence against women across the world: Indian sutteeism..; Chinese foot-binding; African genital mutilation; [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	sati
释义	satin. Brit. /ˈsʌtiː/, U.S. /səˈti/, /ˈsəˌti/ Forms: 1700s– sati, 1700s– suttee, 1800s–1900s sattee, 1800s–1900s sutti, 1800s– satti, 1800s shuttee. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit satī. Etymology: < Sanskrit satī good woman, faithful wife, (in later use) specifically one who immolates herself on her husband's funeral pyre, use as noun of the feminine of sant (also with weak stem sat ) real, true, literally ‘existing’ (use as adjective of the present participle of as- to be, live, exist: see be v.). With sense 2 compare the Sanskrit derivative satītva faithfulness of a wife, also used to denote the practice.Although sati is now the preferred form in India and in scholarly use, suttee is still common in non-scholarly use outside India. The form shuttee reflects a Bengali pronunciation. N.E.D. (1918) enters this under the headword suttee and gives the pronunciation as (sɒtī·) /sʌˈtiː/. 1. A woman who follows the Hindu custom of sati (see sense 2a), typically by immolation on her husband's funeral pyre. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > person who commits suicide > [noun] > type of sati1786 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre sati1786 1786 in Papers E. India Affairs: Hindoo Widows & Voluntary Immolations (1821) i. 3 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 749) XVIII. 295 We were informed the suttee (for that is the name given to the person who so devotes herself) had passed, and her track was marked by the goolol and betel leaf, which she had scattered as she went along. 1828 Christian Remembrancer July 444/1 How can you tell when it is a woman's fate to be a Suttee?.. Can you discover, before the death of her husband, that it is her fate to be buried alive? 1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 127 Her relations drove her to the faggots, for the family of a suttee are held in much esteem. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 14 Mar. 10/1 The accused Juggernath Missir, beyond saying that his mother died as ‘sati’ on the same day that his father died, refused to make any statement. 2014 Artibus Asiae 74 249 As several Rajput men and women have explained to me, women who perform jauhar are not considered widows, and..neither are satis. 2. a. A practice followed within some Hindu communities, in which a woman kills herself as an act of piety or devotion soon after the death of her husband, typically by immolation on her husband's funeral pyre; an example or instance of this ritual. Frequently in to commit sati.In some cases a widow may be forced or coerced into committing sati. The custom, which has long been controversial, was outlawed in India in 1829; the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act (1987) made it illegal to support or glorify the ritual as well as to perform or attempt to perform it. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > suicide > [noun] > types of sati1806 satiism1828 hara-kiri1856 junshi1871 seppuku1871 ritual suicide1903 murder-suicide1904 autocide1923 mass suicide1937 doctor-assisted suicide1975 self-deliverance1975 self-deliveration1975 assisted suicide1976 suicide by cop1986 bullycide2001 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre > custom of widow-burning1767 sati1806 satiism1828 1806 La Belle Assemblée Aug. To Correspondents A curious authentic account of a Suttee which took place last year at Barod, shall appear in our next. 1813 in Papers E. India Affairs: Hindoo Widows & Voluntary Immolations (1821) 33 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 749) XVIII. 295 To require that any express leave..be required, previously to the performance of the act of ‘suttee’. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 778/2 Suttee in native states..he [sc. Lord Dalhousie] kept down with an iron hand. 1949 Bull. Deccan Coll. Post-Grad. & Res. Inst. 1948 9 11 The local tradition ascribed the sculpture to a woman who committed Sati in remote antiquity, and was in consequence worshipped as a devi. 1997 H. Kureishi Love in Blue Time 69 I'm oppressed, you see, beaten up, pig-ignorant with an arranged marriage and certain suttee ahead. 2014 Free Press Jrnl. (India) (Nexis) 15 Dec. A 65-year-old woman..allegedly committed ‘Sati’ by jumping on the funeral pyre of her husband..at Parmaniya village..on Saturday noon. b. In extended use: any similar custom or practice in which a person chooses to die or is killed after the death of a spouse. Also: (chiefly Archaeology) a funerary rite in which one or more family member, servant, etc., is killed or interred alongside the person who has died; frequently in sati burial. ΚΠ 1861 All Year Round 28 Sept. 5/2 The Chinese Suttee, when it occurs, is the self-sacrifice of widows, who are also orphans and childless; who consider themselves useless. 1882 Trans. Glasgow Archaeol. Soc. 2 120 The northern nations continued to burn their dead up till the beginning of the Christian era. The cruel custom of suttee was practised till that time by them. 1931 Jrnl. de la Société des Américanistes de Paris 23 137 It is important to add a..note of the existence of suttee among the Chickasaw. 1941 Bull. Mus. Fine Arts 39 7/2 The startling, and to our minds rather horrible, custom of sati-burial,—the placing of servants and members of the household in the tomb with the chief personage, either buried alive or killed for the purpose at the time of the funeral. 2013 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 117 602/1 (note) Scythian women followed the custom of suttee. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts. A thing or (occasionally) person likened to sati (in sense 1 or (more usually) 2); esp. with reference to (a) the withdrawal of a woman from society or from worldly life after the death or departure of a husband or lover (b) deliberate (typically public) action which is disastrously damaging to oneself or one's interests. ΚΠ 1833 T. Hook Widow vii, in Love & Pride I. 174 Pratt..gave an account of the proceedings at one of these European suttees. 1841 Standard 24 Nov. Whig Radicalism may be said to have performed suttee. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Let. 25 Dec. (1945) II. 616 You dear Suttees—you get ready and glorify in being martyrized. 1887 Queanbeyan (New S. Wales) Age 6 Aug. Suppl. She made an ‘effort to induce’ the young duchess to imitate her own ostentatious widowhood, but the young woman very sensibly refused to perform this moral suttee. 1932 Cheltenham Chron. 3 Sept. 4/5 Moths that commit imperfect suttee against the electric bulbs and drop into the tea cup. 1982 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 22 Nov. Eric Murray's retirement does not oblige me to commit ‘sati’. 2007 New Yorker 26 Nov. 161/1 He had fought in the Crimea, had witnessed the bloody suttee of that campaign, where men willingly sacrificed themselves on that national pyre, and for nothing. Derivatives ˈsatiism n. (more usually sutteeism) the practice of sati. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > suicide > [noun] > types of sati1806 satiism1828 hara-kiri1856 junshi1871 seppuku1871 ritual suicide1903 murder-suicide1904 autocide1923 mass suicide1937 doctor-assisted suicide1975 self-deliverance1975 self-deliveration1975 assisted suicide1976 suicide by cop1986 bullycide2001 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow > by self-immolation on husband's pyre > custom of widow-burning1767 sati1806 satiism1828 1828 Eclectic Rev. 29 Gen. Index The increased frequency of Sutteeism in Bengal. 1829 J. Tod Ann. & Antiq. Rajasthan I. 635 Hindu missionaries, who might be brought to advocate the abolition of Satiism. 1867 Eclectic Rev. 13 94 The Sutteeism of China is by self-strangulation. 1935 Daily Mail (Hull) 25 May 3/5 The lot of women in the Turkish Empire was degrading. In India it was distressing—to name only Sutteeism. 2003 A. Durham Young Men surviving Child Sexual Abuse i. 4 Historically, patriarchal relations have been responsible for circumstances of extreme violence against women across the world: Indian sutteeism..; Chinese foot-binding; African genital mutilation; [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1786
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