sandhin.
/ˈsandi/, /ˈsandhiː/, U.S. /ˈsændi/, /ˈsɑndi/ Philology.
The term applied originally by Sanskrit grammarians to assimilative changes occurring in Sanskrit in the final and initial sounds of words in a sentence ( external sandhi), and in the final sounds of stems in word-formation ( internal sandhi); extended by modern philologists to analogous phenomena in other languages.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in
analogy1569
deflection1603
epenthesis1656
sandhi1806
relic1835
anamorphosis1862
metanalysis1914
drift1921
adstratum1939
grammaticalization1955
relexification1962
1806 W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. i. iii. 15 (heading) Of Sundhi, or the permutation of letters occasioned by the junction of syllables.
1841 H. H. Wilson Introd. Gram. Sanskrit Lang. ii. 8 The changes to which letters are subject for the sake of euphony are numerous, and carefully defined, forming that part of Sanskrit grammar which is termed..Sandhi, ‘a holding together’, ‘a function’.
1874 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 13 Consonant influence on consonants..what is called sandhi in Sanskrit and mutation in the Celtic languages.
1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 15 An equally primitive stage is preserved in the Sanskrit sandhi, only here it is generally the end of a word that is modified.
1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 501 Owing to the scantiness of the Umbrian–Samnitic materials, handed down to us, it remains doubtful at what period certain processes of sandhi took place in Latin.
1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. ii. § 135 ‘Sandhi’ in Latin.
1901 A. A. Macdonell Sanskrit Gram. p. ii The rules of Sandhi are based chiefly on the avoidance of hiatus and on assimilation.
1933 Eng. Stud. XV. 41 O[ld] E[nglish] æt þam ende, which became atten ende, and then, through sandhi, at an ende.
1939 L. Bloomfield in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague VIII. 105 The present paper describes..the internal sandhi or morphophonemics of the language.
1952 A. Cohen Phonemes of Eng. 39 In general, independent nuclear words are first examined, i.e. words which do not carry morphological characteristics in the shape of phonemes and which do not show ‘outer sandhi’ (= external open juncture).
1976 Language 52 212 There is ample evidence that much of Sanskrit external sandhi is the result of sweeping generalizations.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > [adjective] > terms relating to language change or development
primitive1687
inorganic1861
polygenetic1863
anomalistic1881
sandhi1888
language contact1911
processual1918
neo-linguistic1937
superstrate1958
adstrate1963
adstratal1968
1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 488 The fettered language of the Vedas already furnishes the proof that the sandhi-system of the classical Sanskrit is not a thing of natural growth.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxiii. 418 There resulted sandhi-alternants of words like water:..[´wɔtə]..[´wɔtər iz]... This..resulted in the sandhi-form the idea-r is... English sandhi-alternation is limited largely to cases like the above.
1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 The sandhi customs are different in English from what they are in Dutch.
1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 A preliminary statement of the sandhi rules of the dialect or language studied.
1945 Mod. Lang. Notes Dec. 539 The sandhi-affricate formed in the sequence right here.
1961 R. E. Keller German Dial. 264 This sandhi-lenition is not indicated in the orthography of the Lux[emburger] W[ör]t[er]b[uch].
1969 Eng. Stud. Suppl. p. lxxxi At a conservative estimate twenty-two of the above twenty-eight instances support a spoken sandhi-distribution of voiced and voiceless final consonants.
1975 Language 51 551 Words may have more than one form, due to sandhi processes such as French liaison and elision.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1806