sandaracn.

Brit.

/ˈsandərak/, U.S.

/ˈsændəˌræk/

Forms: 1500s sandarache, 1600s–1700s sandarack, 1600s–1800s sandarach, 1700s sandarick, 1800s sandaric, 1600s sanderick, 1700s sandrick, 1800s sandrake, 1700s–1800s sandrac, 1600s– sandarac.

Etymology: < Latin sandaraca, < Greek σανδαράκη , -άχη (senses 1, 3), probably a foreign word. Compare French sandaraque (Cotgrave 1611 sandarac , -ache ), Spanish sandaraca , Portuguese sandaraca (senses 1, 2), Italian sandaraca , sandracca (sense 1). It is difficult to see any connection between the three senses; possibly two distinct words were already confused in Greek. Sense 2, in modern Latin sandaracha Arabum , represents Arabic sandarūs (Dozy, from P. de Alcalá 1505), also sandalus (Freytag, from Golius); but the word cannot be originally Arabic. According to the Persian and Urdu dictionaries, Persian sandaros , sandara and Urdu sandaros are used both in sense 1 and in sense 2. Connection with Sanskrit sindūra (Hindi sindūr), red lead, vermilion, seems unlikely on the ground of form.

1. Red arsenic sulphide. = realgar n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > realgar

realgara1400

resalgarc1405

arsenic?a1425

rosakerc1430

sandarac?1550

risagallum1565

resegall1610

zarnich1612

ruby of ——1678

red mundic1748

ruby sulphur1753

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxix. 1294 Sandaracha groweþ in Topasyon..and is of reed colour..and is yfounde amonge metalles of golde and of siluer.]

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. Y.ii Take..of Sandarache, whyte and red [etc.].

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 90 Arsenick red and yellow, that is, Orpement and Sandarach may perhaps doe something, as being inflamable.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. i. 41 The Sandarack is an inflamable Fossil substance.

1890 E. Johnson Rise Christendom 264 A hollow bull of bronze was filled with naphtha, sandarac, sulphur and lead.

2. In full gum sandarac. A resin which exudes from the tree Callitris quadrivalvis, native of North-West Africa; it is used in the preparation of spirit varnish and pounce.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. i. 4 Take..Frankinsence and Sandarach, of each two Scruples.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. iv. 321 Spirit of Wine will dissolve some Bodies, as Sanderick, Mastick, Gum-Lac, &c.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 87 A most excellent Varnish..is made of Sandarack and lintseed Oyl.

1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 73 To make the Paper bear Ink well,..rub the Paper with the fine Powder of Gum sandrick, tied in a Rag.

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 87 Gum Juniper, or Sandrake.

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §1046 Callitris quadrivalvis (Thuya articulata), the Arar-tree, supplies a solid resin called Sandarach or Pounce.

attributive.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 744 Sandarac Varnish.1878 J. D. Hooker & J. Ball Jrnl. Tour Marocco 389 The Arar, Thuja or Gum Sandrac Tree.

†3. = bee-bread n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > pollen and related parts

sandarac1623

globulet1671

powder1672

bread1682

farina1721

pollen1723

father-dust1728

rough wax1744

yellow rain1755

dust1776

fovilla1793

anther dust1797

pollen mass1828

pollen tube1830

intextine1835

pollen grain1835

pollen granule1835

exine1839

exintine1839

intine1839

pollinium1849

sulphur shower1854

pollinic mass1857

pollen chamber1863

smoke1868

pollen sac1872

pollinarium1881

sulphur rain1882

pollinic chamber1885

perine1895

pollen content1926

sculpturing1943

monad1947

nexine1948

sexine1948

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) x. sig. V2 Breake the Combes..into three parts: the first sheere Honie and Wax, the second Honie and Wax with Sandarach, the third dry Wax.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 179 This Bee..gathers as the Hive-Bee sandaracha.

1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 113 The Sandrach or Bee-bread.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sandarac
释义	sandaracn. Brit. /ˈsandərak/, U.S. /ˈsændəˌræk/ Forms: 1500s sandarache, 1600s–1700s sandarack, 1600s–1800s sandarach, 1700s sandarick, 1800s sandaric, 1600s sanderick, 1700s sandrick, 1800s sandrake, 1700s–1800s sandrac, 1600s– sandarac. Etymology: < Latin sandaraca, < Greek σανδαράκη , -άχη (senses 1, 3), probably a foreign word. Compare French sandaraque (Cotgrave 1611 sandarac , -ache ), Spanish sandaraca , Portuguese sandaraca (senses 1, 2), Italian sandaraca , sandracca (sense 1). It is difficult to see any connection between the three senses; possibly two distinct words were already confused in Greek. Sense 2, in modern Latin sandaracha Arabum , represents Arabic sandarūs (Dozy, from P. de Alcalá 1505), also sandalus (Freytag, from Golius); but the word cannot be originally Arabic. According to the Persian and Urdu dictionaries, Persian sandaros , sandara and Urdu sandaros are used both in sense 1 and in sense 2. Connection with Sanskrit sindūra (Hindi sindūr), red lead, vermilion, seems unlikely on the ground of form. 1. Red arsenic sulphide. = realgar n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > realgar realgara1400 resalgarc1405 arsenic?a1425 rosakerc1430 sandarac?1550 risagallum1565 resegall1610 zarnich1612 ruby of ——1678 red mundic1748 ruby sulphur1753 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxix. 1294 Sandaracha groweþ in Topasyon..and is of reed colour..and is yfounde amonge metalles of golde and of siluer.] ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. Y.ii Take..of Sandarache, whyte and red [etc.]. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 90 Arsenick red and yellow, that is, Orpement and Sandarach may perhaps doe something, as being inflamable. View more context for this quotation 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. i. 41 The Sandarack is an inflamable Fossil substance. 1890 E. Johnson Rise Christendom 264 A hollow bull of bronze was filled with naphtha, sandarac, sulphur and lead. 2. In full gum sandarac. A resin which exudes from the tree Callitris quadrivalvis, native of North-West Africa; it is used in the preparation of spirit varnish and pounce. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. i. 4 Take..Frankinsence and Sandarach, of each two Scruples. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. iv. 321 Spirit of Wine will dissolve some Bodies, as Sanderick, Mastick, Gum-Lac, &c. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 87 A most excellent Varnish..is made of Sandarack and lintseed Oyl. 1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 73 To make the Paper bear Ink well,..rub the Paper with the fine Powder of Gum sandrick, tied in a Rag. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 87 Gum Juniper, or Sandrake. 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §1046 Callitris quadrivalvis (Thuya articulata), the Arar-tree, supplies a solid resin called Sandarach or Pounce. attributive.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 744 Sandarac Varnish.1878 J. D. Hooker & J. Ball Jrnl. Tour Marocco 389 The Arar, Thuja or Gum Sandrac Tree. †3. = bee-bread n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > pollen and related parts sandarac1623 globulet1671 powder1672 bread1682 farina1721 pollen1723 father-dust1728 rough wax1744 yellow rain1755 dust1776 fovilla1793 anther dust1797 pollen mass1828 pollen tube1830 intextine1835 pollen grain1835 pollen granule1835 exine1839 exintine1839 intine1839 pollinium1849 sulphur shower1854 pollinic mass1857 pollen chamber1863 smoke1868 pollen sac1872 pollinarium1881 sulphur rain1882 pollinic chamber1885 perine1895 pollen content1926 sculpturing1943 monad1947 nexine1948 sexine1948 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) x. sig. V2 Breake the Combes..into three parts: the first sheere Honie and Wax, the second Honie and Wax with Sandarach, the third dry Wax. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 179 This Bee..gathers as the Hive-Bee sandaracha. 1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 113 The Sandrach or Bee-bread. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1550
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