Sayboltn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈseɪbəʊlt/, U.S.

/ˈseɪˌboʊlt/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Saybolt.

Etymology: < the name of George M. Saybolt (1853–1924), U.S. oil chemist.

Chiefly U.S.

A. n.

I. Compounds

1. attributive. Designating instruments, methods, and concepts devised by or associated with Saybolt; (also) with reference to the use of such instruments, methods, and concepts; as Saybolt method, Saybolt reading, etc.Quot. 1880 refers to U.S. Patent 218,066 (1879), which describes an electrical instrument for determining the flashpoint of an oil.

ΚΠ

1880 Rep. N.Y. Produce Exchange 1879 207 The burning test of Refined Petroleum shall be determined by the use of the Saybolt Electric Instrument.

1921 Lubrication May 5/1 This is in no way a criticism of the Saybolt readings for commercial work.

1969 J. Flack et al. Marine Combustion Pract. i. 39 The Saybolt instruments are referred to as Saybolt Universal and Saybolt Furol.

2011 R. Michell Which Oil? iii. 27 Given that the Saybolt method of measurement uses gravity, its result is related to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid.

a. Saybolt viscometer n. (also Saybolt viscosimeter) a viscometer invented by Saybolt for measuring the viscosity of petroleum based liquids, typically consisting of an oil tube surrounded by a heated bath which controls the temperature of the liquid (see Saybolt viscosity n. at sense A. 2b).The original Saybolt viscometer was subsequently termed the Saybolt universal viscometer, to distinguish it from a modified version called the Saybolt Furol viscometer (see Furol n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > unit

Saybolt viscometer1886

Redwood unit1912

Saybolt viscosity1912

Redwood second1922

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > instrument

viscosimeter1868

viscometer1883

Saybolt viscometer1886

Redwood viscometer1896

Saybolt1904

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > specific

Saybolt viscometer1886

Saybolt viscosity1912

specific viscosity1935

1886 B. Redwood in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 29 Mar. 124/2 The Saybolt viscosimeter is not,..as at present constructed, suitable for use at very high temperatures.

1900 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 22 781 For technical work the Saybolt, Redwood, or Engler viscosimeter should be employed.

1925 A. B. Thompson Oil-field Explor. & Devel. I. xi. 520 The viscosity of oils is generally measured in one or other of three types of instruments, the Engler, Redwood and Saybolt viscosimeters, or viscometers.

1977 H. L. Stewart Hydraul. & Pneumatic Power for Production (ed. 4) ii. 2 In North America, the Saybolt Universal Viscosimeter is the recognized standard for oils of normal viscosity.

2006 Fuel 85 1010 In order to obtain the kinematic viscosities of biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300 ℃, a modified Saybolt viscometer was designed.

b. Saybolt viscosity n. the time a fixed quantity of a given liquid takes to flow through a Saybolt viscometer under certain conditions, used as a measure of kinematic viscosity.Regarding Saybolt universal viscosity and Saybolt Furol viscosity see the note at sense A. 2a (and cf. Furol n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > unit

Saybolt viscometer1886

Redwood unit1912

Saybolt viscosity1912

Redwood second1922

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > specific

Saybolt viscometer1886

Saybolt viscosity1912

specific viscosity1935

1912 T. T. Gray in Orig. Communications Eighth Internat. Congr. Appl. Chem. 10 158 Engler results can readily be converted into Saybolt viscosities, and vice versa.

1942 Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, & Pipe (Engin. & Res. Div., Crane Company) i. 7/2 The table on page 62 gives the relationship between Saybolt Universal viscosity and kinematic viscosity.

1968 Encycl. Industr. Chem. Anal. VI. 295 The Saybolt Furol viscosity of a bituminous material is the time..that it takes 60 ml of sample to flow through the calibrated Furol orifice of the Saybolt viscometer tube.

2014 J. G. Speight & D. I. Exall Refining Used Lubricating Oils 373 Commercial viscosity such as Saybolt viscosity is expressed in arbitrary units of time, usually seconds.

3. Saybolt second n. the unit of measurement for Saybolt viscosity.The Saybolt second is equal in duration to a second, being distinguished only in its application to the measurement of Saybolt viscosity. Regarding Saybolt universal second and Saybolt Furol second (etc.) see the note at sense A. 2a (and cf. Furol n.).

ΚΠ

1916 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 8 433/1 The practical world speaks of Saybolt seconds, Engler numbers, etc.

1955 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIV. 763 Viscosity is normally reported simply as Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol seconds, but it may be converted to centistokes by means of appropriate tables.

1993 J. W. Murdock Fund. Fluid Mech. for Practicing Engineer i. 36 The time required for a gravity flow of 60 cm³..is called SSU (Saybolt Seconds Universal).

2003 A. Hebra Measure for Measure xii. 164 Saybolt seconds..are not true units of viscosity, but a measure of viscosity.

4. Saybolt colour n. a number on a scale, running from −16 to 30, devised by Saybolt as a means of classifying light coloured petroleum based liquids according to how dark or light they are; the colour corresponding to such a number.

ΚΠ

1920 Oil Weekly 26 June 66/1 It requires .0048 grams of potassium dichromate per liter to color water to No. 21 Saybolt colour, which is the standard for water white kerosene.

1950 D. B. Judd Colorimetry 47/2 Such an oil would have Saybolt color equal to about −14; this corresponds nearly to the yellowest oil indicated on the Saybolt scale.

1972 Code of Federal Regulations: 21: Food & Drugs (Office of Federal Register, U.S.) 317/2 Technical white mineral oil meets the following specifications: (i) Saybolt color 20 minimum as determined by ASTM Method D-156. (ii) Ultraviolet absorbance limits as follows.

2007 Energy & Fuels 21 1396 Three wax fractions of similar composition, but of different saybolt color, were used as feed.

II. Simple uses.

5. A Saybolt viscometer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > instrument

viscosimeter1868

viscometer1883

Saybolt viscometer1886

Redwood viscometer1896

Saybolt1904

1904 National Engineer Feb. 10/1 Of the orifice type of viscosimeters there are a number of different makes, the best known and the most commonly used are the 'Tagilabue', the 'Scott', the 'Engler' and the 'Saybolt'.

1921 Lubrication May 5/1 The Saybolt is the simplest and most reliable instrument yet devised for every day routine work.

1973 P. J. King et al. in G. D. Hobson & W. Pohl Mod. Petroleum Technol. (ed. 4) vi. 125 Conversion of efflux times from such instruments as the Redwood, Saybolt or Engler into dynamic or kinematic viscosities is only possible by complicated and inaccurate correlations.

2001 W. A. Gould & R. W. Gould Total Quality Assurance Food Industr. (ed. 3) xxiii. 322 The Saybolt is the standard for the petroleum industry.

B. adj.

As postmodifier.Regarding second Saybolt universal and second Saybolt Furol see the note at sense A. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [adjective] > specifically in scientific use

viscous1830

Saybolt1908

1908 Finance Comm. City of Boston I. 507 The viscosity shall not be less than 130 seconds (Saybolt) taken at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

1920 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 12 284/2 Equation 5 does not apply for viscosities less than about 0.15 poise or 90 seconds, Saybolt.

1973 J. G. C. Pope in G. D. Hobson & W. Pohl Mod. Petroleum Technol. (ed. 4) xviii. 654 The viscosity of relatively mobile oils is recorded as so many seconds Redwood I @ 100° F, or seconds Saybolt Universal @ 122° F.

2006 D. S. J. Jones in D. S. J. Jones & P. R. Pujadó Handbk. Petroleum Processing i. 8 In the oil industry it is usual to quote viscosities either in centistokes (which is the unit for kinematic viscosity), seconds Saybolt universal, seconds Saybolt furol, or seconds Redwood.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	saybolt
释义	Sayboltn.adj. Brit. /ˈseɪbəʊlt/, U.S. /ˈseɪˌboʊlt/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Saybolt. Etymology: < the name of George M. Saybolt (1853–1924), U.S. oil chemist. Chiefly U.S. A. n. I. Compounds 1. attributive. Designating instruments, methods, and concepts devised by or associated with Saybolt; (also) with reference to the use of such instruments, methods, and concepts; as Saybolt method, Saybolt reading, etc.Quot. 1880 refers to U.S. Patent 218,066 (1879), which describes an electrical instrument for determining the flashpoint of an oil. ΚΠ 1880 Rep. N.Y. Produce Exchange 1879 207 The burning test of Refined Petroleum shall be determined by the use of the Saybolt Electric Instrument. 1921 Lubrication May 5/1 This is in no way a criticism of the Saybolt readings for commercial work. 1969 J. Flack et al. Marine Combustion Pract. i. 39 The Saybolt instruments are referred to as Saybolt Universal and Saybolt Furol. 2011 R. Michell Which Oil? iii. 27 Given that the Saybolt method of measurement uses gravity, its result is related to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid. 2. a. Saybolt viscometer n. (also Saybolt viscosimeter) a viscometer invented by Saybolt for measuring the viscosity of petroleum based liquids, typically consisting of an oil tube surrounded by a heated bath which controls the temperature of the liquid (see Saybolt viscosity n. at sense A. 2b).The original Saybolt viscometer was subsequently termed the Saybolt universal viscometer, to distinguish it from a modified version called the Saybolt Furol viscometer (see Furol n.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > unit Saybolt viscometer1886 Redwood unit1912 Saybolt viscosity1912 Redwood second1922 the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > instrument viscosimeter1868 viscometer1883 Saybolt viscometer1886 Redwood viscometer1896 Saybolt1904 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > specific Saybolt viscometer1886 Saybolt viscosity1912 specific viscosity1935 1886 B. Redwood in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 29 Mar. 124/2 The Saybolt viscosimeter is not,..as at present constructed, suitable for use at very high temperatures. 1900 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 22 781 For technical work the Saybolt, Redwood, or Engler viscosimeter should be employed. 1925 A. B. Thompson Oil-field Explor. & Devel. I. xi. 520 The viscosity of oils is generally measured in one or other of three types of instruments, the Engler, Redwood and Saybolt viscosimeters, or viscometers. 1977 H. L. Stewart Hydraul. & Pneumatic Power for Production (ed. 4) ii. 2 In North America, the Saybolt Universal Viscosimeter is the recognized standard for oils of normal viscosity. 2006 Fuel 85 1010 In order to obtain the kinematic viscosities of biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300 ℃, a modified Saybolt viscometer was designed. b. Saybolt viscosity n. the time a fixed quantity of a given liquid takes to flow through a Saybolt viscometer under certain conditions, used as a measure of kinematic viscosity.Regarding Saybolt universal viscosity and Saybolt Furol viscosity see the note at sense A. 2a (and cf. Furol n.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > unit Saybolt viscometer1886 Redwood unit1912 Saybolt viscosity1912 Redwood second1922 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > specific Saybolt viscometer1886 Saybolt viscosity1912 specific viscosity1935 1912 T. T. Gray in Orig. Communications Eighth Internat. Congr. Appl. Chem. 10 158 Engler results can readily be converted into Saybolt viscosities, and vice versa. 1942 Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, & Pipe (Engin. & Res. Div., Crane Company) i. 7/2 The table on page 62 gives the relationship between Saybolt Universal viscosity and kinematic viscosity. 1968 Encycl. Industr. Chem. Anal. VI. 295 The Saybolt Furol viscosity of a bituminous material is the time..that it takes 60 ml of sample to flow through the calibrated Furol orifice of the Saybolt viscometer tube. 2014 J. G. Speight & D. I. Exall Refining Used Lubricating Oils 373 Commercial viscosity such as Saybolt viscosity is expressed in arbitrary units of time, usually seconds. 3. Saybolt second n. the unit of measurement for Saybolt viscosity.The Saybolt second is equal in duration to a second, being distinguished only in its application to the measurement of Saybolt viscosity. Regarding Saybolt universal second and Saybolt Furol second (etc.) see the note at sense A. 2a (and cf. Furol n.). ΚΠ 1916 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 8 433/1 The practical world speaks of Saybolt seconds, Engler numbers, etc. 1955 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIV. 763 Viscosity is normally reported simply as Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol seconds, but it may be converted to centistokes by means of appropriate tables. 1993 J. W. Murdock Fund. Fluid Mech. for Practicing Engineer i. 36 The time required for a gravity flow of 60 cm³..is called SSU (Saybolt Seconds Universal). 2003 A. Hebra Measure for Measure xii. 164 Saybolt seconds..are not true units of viscosity, but a measure of viscosity. 4. Saybolt colour n. a number on a scale, running from −16 to 30, devised by Saybolt as a means of classifying light coloured petroleum based liquids according to how dark or light they are; the colour corresponding to such a number. ΚΠ 1920 Oil Weekly 26 June 66/1 It requires .0048 grams of potassium dichromate per liter to color water to No. 21 Saybolt colour, which is the standard for water white kerosene. 1950 D. B. Judd Colorimetry 47/2 Such an oil would have Saybolt color equal to about −14; this corresponds nearly to the yellowest oil indicated on the Saybolt scale. 1972 Code of Federal Regulations: 21: Food & Drugs (Office of Federal Register, U.S.) 317/2 Technical white mineral oil meets the following specifications: (i) Saybolt color 20 minimum as determined by ASTM Method D-156. (ii) Ultraviolet absorbance limits as follows. 2007 Energy & Fuels 21 1396 Three wax fractions of similar composition, but of different saybolt color, were used as feed. II. Simple uses. 5. A Saybolt viscometer. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > specifically in scientific use > measurement of > instrument viscosimeter1868 viscometer1883 Saybolt viscometer1886 Redwood viscometer1896 Saybolt1904 1904 National Engineer Feb. 10/1 Of the orifice type of viscosimeters there are a number of different makes, the best known and the most commonly used are the 'Tagilabue', the 'Scott', the 'Engler' and the 'Saybolt'. 1921 Lubrication May 5/1 The Saybolt is the simplest and most reliable instrument yet devised for every day routine work. 1973 P. J. King et al. in G. D. Hobson & W. Pohl Mod. Petroleum Technol. (ed. 4) vi. 125 Conversion of efflux times from such instruments as the Redwood, Saybolt or Engler into dynamic or kinematic viscosities is only possible by complicated and inaccurate correlations. 2001 W. A. Gould & R. W. Gould Total Quality Assurance Food Industr. (ed. 3) xxiii. 322 The Saybolt is the standard for the petroleum industry. B. adj. As postmodifier.Regarding second Saybolt universal and second Saybolt Furol see the note at sense A. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [adjective] > specifically in scientific use viscous1830 Saybolt1908 1908 Finance Comm. City of Boston I. 507 The viscosity shall not be less than 130 seconds (Saybolt) taken at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. 1920 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 12 284/2 Equation 5 does not apply for viscosities less than about 0.15 poise or 90 seconds, Saybolt. 1973 J. G. C. Pope in G. D. Hobson & W. Pohl Mod. Petroleum Technol. (ed. 4) xviii. 654 The viscosity of relatively mobile oils is recorded as so many seconds Redwood I @ 100° F, or seconds Saybolt Universal @ 122° F. 2006 D. S. J. Jones in D. S. J. Jones & P. R. Pujadó Handbk. Petroleum Processing i. 8 In the oil industry it is usual to quote viscosities either in centistokes (which is the unit for kinematic viscosity), seconds Saybolt universal, seconds Saybolt furol, or seconds Redwood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1880
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