Samsonn.

Brit.

/ˈsams(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈsæms(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English– Sampson, 1500s– Samson. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Samson.

Etymology: < Samson (post-classical Latin Samson , Sampson (Vulgate), Hellenistic Greek Σαμψών (Septuagint), Hebrew Šimšōn ), the name of the biblical Hebrew hero whose exploits are recorded in Judges 13–16. Compare Delilah n.Specific forms. In form Sampson originally after post-classical Latin Sampson (itself after Hellenistic Greek Σαμψών ); in more recent use probably showing independent development of excrescent p . Specific senses. In sense 2 apparently as folk-etymological alteration of samlet n. The biblical name is attested in English contexts from the Old English period onwards (in Old English as Samson, in Middle English as Samson, Sampson, Sampsoun, Sansun). It is attested as a male forename in England from the late 11th cent. onwards, and as a surname from the 12th cent.

1. A person, esp. a man, likened to the biblical figure Samson; esp. a person of enormous strength, or one who is (literally or figuratively) blind. Also figurative. Cf. Delilah n.In the biblical story of Samson (see Judges 13–16), Samson, an enemy of the Philistines, is seduced by Delilah into revealing that the source of his great strength lies in his hair. Delilah then causes Samson's hair to be cut while he is asleep on her lap, and hands him over to the Philistines, who imprison and blind him. Eventually his hair begins to grow back, and on being taken to a Philistine temple, Samson prays for his strength to be restored. His prayer being granted, Samson pushes against the pillar on which he is resting and the temple collapses, killing him and all the Philistines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person > strong man

Samsonc1460

Hercules1567

Samsonian1654

strongman1701

muscle man1805

butchy1891

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > blindness > person

blindc1000

blindmanc1325

Samsonc1460

blindling1549

groper1699

darkie1807

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 238 This name Jhesus, by interpretacioun, Is for to seyne our blyssid Saviour, Our strong Sampson that stranglyd the lioun.

1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. iii. v. f. 147 Such mighty Samsons, such constant Laurences, your ioyly gospell breedeth.

1678 Young Man's Calling 52 Foolishness..is a Sampson, whose eyes are out, the scorn and derision of all.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vi. 399 Such as no Sampson could overthrow.

1887 Times (Weekly ed.) 1 July 14/3 Intellectual Samsons toiling with closed eyes in the mills and forges of Manchester and Birmingham.

1944 A. Waugh His Second War (2012) (e-book ed.) xvii The heart of a Samson beats behind the mild manners of a city clerk.

2007 A. Sabar My Father's Paradise xxv. 109 Receiving the unwashed hordes were fair-skinned giants in rakish felt berets—Samsons, Yona thought.

†2. English regional (midlands). A young salmon, formerly supposed to be a distinct species. Cf. samlet n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > young

gilling1366

salmonet1576

springling1647

samlet1653

skegger1653

Samson1769

skirling1776

salmon sprint1790

summer cock1790

palmer trout1836

girling1861

springling1873

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 254 Near Shrewsbury (where they [sc. the samlet] are called Samsons).

1788 Gentleman's Mag. May 412/2 The Parrs or Samsons, which are extremely numerous,..cannot be either the abortive or mature offspring of the fish.

1838 New Sporting Mag. May 327 It [sc. the brandling] is the samlet and skegger of the Thames; in Devonshire it is called the heppar; in the Severn they are known as samsons.

3. Woodworking. A rectangular metal clamp for holding pieces together firmly for joining, used esp. by wheelwrights. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] > clamp

benda1250

clam1399

clamer1556

cramp1669

clamp1688

grapple1768

dog1833

shackle1838

Samson1842

1842 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. 156 Sergent,..Sampson [1852 reads Samson], used by joiners, &c., for closing joints.

1923 G. Sturt Wheelwright's Shop xxviii. 150 Somebody, probably the blacksmith, put the ‘Samson’ ready for use, oiling its two nuts if need be.

1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts 163 There was a samson, for drawing felloes together when the strakes were being nailed on.

4. North American (chiefly U.S., esp. New England). Forestry and in the logging industry. Any of various devices, typically consisting of a long pole with a hook or spike at one end, used as a lever or brace, esp. to direct the fall of a tree. More fully Samson pole. Cf. kilhig n. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > lumberer's hook

pike-pole1765

picaroon1837

pickpole1837

fid-hook1851

driving-pike1877

swamp-hook1877

peavey1878

Samson1905

1905 Forest & Stream 8 Apr. 271/1 The log is then raised slightly, rolled up against the ‘Sampson’ by the jackscrew, and the barking completed.

1971 Christian Sci. Monitor 13 May Then comes into use the Samson pole... By rigging two lengths of poles, the men contrive a simple leverage, and they can push the tree the way they want it to go, and get their saw out.

2014 B. Lindstrom Villain or Victim? (e-book ed.) v. Often the bottom of the skid would get hung up on a snag and a ‘sampson’ or long stick would be necessary to loosen the skid.

Compounds

† Samson bar n. Nautical Obsolete rare A strong pillar or stanchion passing through the hold of a ship; = Samson's post n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > bitts or Samson post

bitta1614

Samson's post1769

riding bitt1794

loggerhead1840

strongback1867

snubbing-post1875

snub-post1875

Samson bar1889

1889 Eastern Morning News (Hull) 10 Apr. 3/8 The prisoner lashed him to the sampson bar and mizenmast.

Samson fish n. (also Samsonfish) Australian a large marine fish native to the Indo-Pacific ocean and popular as a game fish, Seriola hippos (family Carangidae).

ΚΠ

1871 Sydney Mail & New S. Wales Advertiser 22 Apr. 250/1 The great strength of these fishes is remarkable, and which probably is the cause that gave it the name of Samson Fish, as sailors or shipwrights give to the name of a strong post, resting on the keelson of a ship.

1974 T. D. Scott et al. Marine & Freshwater Fishes S. Austral. 203 Samson Fish. Seriola hippos..colour bluish-green above, sides golden, white below.

2009 @nicedesign 6 June in twitter.com (accessed 5 Feb. 2020) Been chasin samson fish around the basin, those fish are huge!

Samson fox n. a fox, esp. a red fox ( Vulpes vulpes), having fur in which the long guard hairs are lacking and the undercoat has a tightly curled, woolly texture, caused by a recessive mutation. [With reference to the biblical story recounted in Judges 15 in which Samson ties burning torches to the tails of foxes and releases them in the grain fields of the Philistines to destroy the crops.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes fulva (red fox)

black fox1586

red fox1706

silvery fox1781

patch fox1836

Samson fox1842

1842 Z. Thompson Hist. Vermont i. 36/1 There is another variety in Vermont, which is not uncommon, called the Sampson Fox. The fur is coarse resembling wool and of little value.

1948 A. L. Rand Mammals E. Rockies 105 The Samson fox is a freak, in which the guard hairs are lacking.

2009 Outdoor Times (Pennsylvania) Feb. 18/2 An opossum is a grinner, while a red fox might be called a Reynard, Sampson fox, or a burnt fox.

† Samson-passion n. poetic Obsolete (perhaps) a strong passion.With allusion to the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1).

ΚΠ

1929 E. Blunden Near & Far 49 Joy's masque and fashion of Time's Samson-passion Deceived no lark that springs from weed and clod.

Derivatives

ˈSamsoness n. [ < Samson n. + -ess suffix¹] a woman likened to the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person > strong woman

Samsoness1697

1697 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Fortune in her Wits 6 I am a Female Sampsoness [Sp. Sansona femenina], for all my strength lies in my Hair.

1872 Punch 6 Apr. 145/1 The weaker sex, indeed! one had really need to be a Samsoness to stand it.

2014 @Songbirdnemesis 20 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 10 Apr. 2020) The bigger my hair the more powerful I am. #samsoness.

ˈSamson-like adv. and adj. (a) adv. after the manner of the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1); (b) adj. resembling or characteristic of Samson.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adverb]

pithily1522

Samson-like1570

strengthily1883

1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Spirituall Husbandry i. in tr. Popish Kingdome f. 74^v Who doth not Comedes his wicked act detest, That Samson like in furious rage, a schoole of boyes opprest?

1609 J. Melton Sixe-folde Politician ii. ii. 129 Depriue your minde of all her Sampson-like locks of resistance, and strength.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ix. 359 By experience rous'd shall man at length Dash down his Moloch-gods, Samson-like And burst his fetters.

a1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan (1956) iii. lvii. variant line 8 And make him Samsonlike—more fierce with blindness.

1903 Whitstable Times 18 Apr. 8/5 It would seem as though he braced himself, Samson-like, for one supreme effort before laying down his brush for ever.

2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 May 40/2 Sometimes a Samson-like hirsuteness has been the ideal.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	samson
释义	Samsonn. Brit. /ˈsams(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈsæms(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English– Sampson, 1500s– Samson. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Samson. Etymology: < Samson (post-classical Latin Samson , Sampson (Vulgate), Hellenistic Greek Σαμψών (Septuagint), Hebrew Šimšōn ), the name of the biblical Hebrew hero whose exploits are recorded in Judges 13–16. Compare Delilah n.Specific forms. In form Sampson originally after post-classical Latin Sampson (itself after Hellenistic Greek Σαμψών ); in more recent use probably showing independent development of excrescent p . Specific senses. In sense 2 apparently as folk-etymological alteration of samlet n. The biblical name is attested in English contexts from the Old English period onwards (in Old English as Samson, in Middle English as Samson, Sampson, Sampsoun, Sansun). It is attested as a male forename in England from the late 11th cent. onwards, and as a surname from the 12th cent. 1. A person, esp. a man, likened to the biblical figure Samson; esp. a person of enormous strength, or one who is (literally or figuratively) blind. Also figurative. Cf. Delilah n.In the biblical story of Samson (see Judges 13–16), Samson, an enemy of the Philistines, is seduced by Delilah into revealing that the source of his great strength lies in his hair. Delilah then causes Samson's hair to be cut while he is asleep on her lap, and hands him over to the Philistines, who imprison and blind him. Eventually his hair begins to grow back, and on being taken to a Philistine temple, Samson prays for his strength to be restored. His prayer being granted, Samson pushes against the pillar on which he is resting and the temple collapses, killing him and all the Philistines. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person > strong man Samsonc1460 Hercules1567 Samsonian1654 strongman1701 muscle man1805 butchy1891 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > blindness > person blindc1000 blindmanc1325 Samsonc1460 blindling1549 groper1699 darkie1807 c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 238 This name Jhesus, by interpretacioun, Is for to seyne our blyssid Saviour, Our strong Sampson that stranglyd the lioun. 1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. iii. v. f. 147 Such mighty Samsons, such constant Laurences, your ioyly gospell breedeth. 1678 Young Man's Calling 52 Foolishness..is a Sampson, whose eyes are out, the scorn and derision of all. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. vi. 399 Such as no Sampson could overthrow. 1887 Times (Weekly ed.) 1 July 14/3 Intellectual Samsons toiling with closed eyes in the mills and forges of Manchester and Birmingham. 1944 A. Waugh His Second War (2012) (e-book ed.) xvii The heart of a Samson beats behind the mild manners of a city clerk. 2007 A. Sabar My Father's Paradise xxv. 109 Receiving the unwashed hordes were fair-skinned giants in rakish felt berets—Samsons, Yona thought. †2. English regional (midlands). A young salmon, formerly supposed to be a distinct species. Cf. samlet n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > young gilling1366 salmonet1576 springling1647 samlet1653 skegger1653 Samson1769 skirling1776 salmon sprint1790 summer cock1790 palmer trout1836 girling1861 springling1873 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 254 Near Shrewsbury (where they [sc. the samlet] are called Samsons). 1788 Gentleman's Mag. May 412/2 The Parrs or Samsons, which are extremely numerous,..cannot be either the abortive or mature offspring of the fish. 1838 New Sporting Mag. May 327 It [sc. the brandling] is the samlet and skegger of the Thames; in Devonshire it is called the heppar; in the Severn they are known as samsons. 3. Woodworking. A rectangular metal clamp for holding pieces together firmly for joining, used esp. by wheelwrights. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] > clamp benda1250 clam1399 clamer1556 cramp1669 clamp1688 grapple1768 dog1833 shackle1838 Samson1842 1842 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. 156 Sergent,..Sampson [1852 reads Samson], used by joiners, &c., for closing joints. 1923 G. Sturt Wheelwright's Shop xxviii. 150 Somebody, probably the blacksmith, put the ‘Samson’ ready for use, oiling its two nuts if need be. 1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts 163 There was a samson, for drawing felloes together when the strakes were being nailed on. 4. North American (chiefly U.S., esp. New England). Forestry and in the logging industry. Any of various devices, typically consisting of a long pole with a hook or spike at one end, used as a lever or brace, esp. to direct the fall of a tree. More fully Samson pole. Cf. kilhig n. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > lumberer's hook pike-pole1765 picaroon1837 pickpole1837 fid-hook1851 driving-pike1877 swamp-hook1877 peavey1878 Samson1905 1905 Forest & Stream 8 Apr. 271/1 The log is then raised slightly, rolled up against the ‘Sampson’ by the jackscrew, and the barking completed. 1971 Christian Sci. Monitor 13 May Then comes into use the Samson pole... By rigging two lengths of poles, the men contrive a simple leverage, and they can push the tree the way they want it to go, and get their saw out. 2014 B. Lindstrom Villain or Victim? (e-book ed.) v. Often the bottom of the skid would get hung up on a snag and a ‘sampson’ or long stick would be necessary to loosen the skid. Compounds † Samson bar n. Nautical Obsolete rare A strong pillar or stanchion passing through the hold of a ship; = Samson's post n. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > bitts or Samson post bitta1614 Samson's post1769 riding bitt1794 loggerhead1840 strongback1867 snubbing-post1875 snub-post1875 Samson bar1889 1889 Eastern Morning News (Hull) 10 Apr. 3/8 The prisoner lashed him to the sampson bar and mizenmast. Samson fish n. (also Samsonfish) Australian a large marine fish native to the Indo-Pacific ocean and popular as a game fish, Seriola hippos (family Carangidae). ΚΠ 1871 Sydney Mail & New S. Wales Advertiser 22 Apr. 250/1 The great strength of these fishes is remarkable, and which probably is the cause that gave it the name of Samson Fish, as sailors or shipwrights give to the name of a strong post, resting on the keelson of a ship. 1974 T. D. Scott et al. Marine & Freshwater Fishes S. Austral. 203 Samson Fish. Seriola hippos..colour bluish-green above, sides golden, white below. 2009 @nicedesign 6 June in twitter.com (accessed 5 Feb. 2020) Been chasin samson fish around the basin, those fish are huge! Samson fox n. a fox, esp. a red fox ( Vulpes vulpes), having fur in which the long guard hairs are lacking and the undercoat has a tightly curled, woolly texture, caused by a recessive mutation. [With reference to the biblical story recounted in Judges 15 in which Samson ties burning torches to the tails of foxes and releases them in the grain fields of the Philistines to destroy the crops.] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes fulva (red fox) black fox1586 red fox1706 silvery fox1781 patch fox1836 Samson fox1842 1842 Z. Thompson Hist. Vermont i. 36/1 There is another variety in Vermont, which is not uncommon, called the Sampson Fox. The fur is coarse resembling wool and of little value. 1948 A. L. Rand Mammals E. Rockies 105 The Samson fox is a freak, in which the guard hairs are lacking. 2009 Outdoor Times (Pennsylvania) Feb. 18/2 An opossum is a grinner, while a red fox might be called a Reynard, Sampson fox, or a burnt fox. † Samson-passion n. poetic Obsolete (perhaps) a strong passion.With allusion to the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1). ΚΠ 1929 E. Blunden Near & Far 49 Joy's masque and fashion of Time's Samson-passion Deceived no lark that springs from weed and clod. Derivatives ˈSamsoness n. [ < Samson n. + -ess suffix¹] a woman likened to the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person > strong woman Samsoness1697 1697 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Fortune in her Wits 6 I am a Female Sampsoness [Sp. Sansona femenina], for all my strength lies in my Hair. 1872 Punch 6 Apr. 145/1 The weaker sex, indeed! one had really need to be a Samsoness to stand it. 2014 @Songbirdnemesis 20 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 10 Apr. 2020) The bigger my hair the more powerful I am. #samsoness. ˈSamson-like adv. and adj. (a) adv. after the manner of the biblical figure Samson (see sense 1); (b) adj. resembling or characteristic of Samson. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adverb] pithily1522 Samson-like1570 strengthily1883 1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Spirituall Husbandry i. in tr. Popish Kingdome f. 74^v Who doth not Comedes his wicked act detest, That Samson like in furious rage, a schoole of boyes opprest? 1609 J. Melton Sixe-folde Politician ii. ii. 129 Depriue your minde of all her Sampson-like locks of resistance, and strength. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ix. 359 By experience rous'd shall man at length Dash down his Moloch-gods, Samson-like And burst his fetters. a1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan (1956) iii. lvii. variant line 8 And make him Samsonlike—more fierce with blindness. 1903 Whitstable Times 18 Apr. 8/5 It would seem as though he braced himself, Samson-like, for one supreme effort before laying down his brush for ever. 2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 May 40/2 Sometimes a Samson-like hirsuteness has been the ideal. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † samsonv. Forms: 1900s sampson. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Samson n. Etymology: < Samson n. (compare sense 4 at the entry). North American. Forestry and in the logging industry. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To use a Samson (Samson n. 4) to direct the fall of (a tree). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [verb (transitive)] > direct fall of tree gun1905 samson1905 1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 45 Sampson a tree, to, to direct the fall of a tree by means of a lever and pole. 1912 Canad. Forestry Jrnl. 8 60/1 Most of the New Brunswick boys..are excellent axemen, felling their trees to a nicety and ‘sampsoning’ them over with a short pole to the desired spot..with the skill of veterans. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2020). < n.c1460v.1905
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Samsonn.

Compounds

Derivatives

† samsonv.