saturnineadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈsatənʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˈsædərˌnaɪn/,

/ˈsædərˌnin/

Forms: late Middle English satournyne, late Middle English saturnyne, 1500s– saturnine. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Saturninus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Saturninus of a character influenced by Saturn, melancholy, treacherous (12th cent. in a British source; also in continental sources), of or relating to lead (a1490 in a British source), of, relating to, or caused by lead poisoning (1712 in colica saturnina ) < classical Latin Sāturnus Saturn n. + -īnus -ine suffix¹.Compare classical Latin Sāturnīnus, a Roman cognomen. Compare also Middle French, French saturnin gloomy, sad (late 14th cent.), (of speech) careful, premeditated (beginning of the 15th cent.), of or relating to lead (1636), (of diseases) caused by absorption of lead (1812), Spanish saturnino (15th cent.), Italian saturnino (14th cent.).In verse from the 19th cent. and earlier frequently stressed on the second syllable.

A. adj.

a. In regard to a person's temperament, mood, or manner: gloomy, melancholy, dejected, downcast, grim; not easily enlivened, enthused, or cheered; (in early use) ill-tempered, angry.In earlier use usually with implication that the temperament or mood is a result of the influence of the planet Saturn (cf. sense A. 2, especially quot. 1558); in more recent use this implication is generally absent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine

darkc1440

saturninea1450

Saturnlike1569

Saturnical?1574

Saturnian1583

saturnious1591

saturnic1820

a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) l. 275 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 401 This cursid Bern, enuyous and riht fals And of complexioun verray saturnyne..Reportid hath in his malencolie How kyng Edmund slouh Lothbrok of enuye.

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 6 Such, and such hath beene the very nature, and qualitie of our common melancholique, and Saturnine prophets.

1668 J. Dryden Def. Ess. Dramatic Poesie 8 in Indian Emperour (ed. 2) My Conversation is slow and dull, my humour Saturnine and reserv'd.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. ii. 47 The former..was grave and saturnine in every thing he did.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 634 One of the most remarkable peculiarities of this man [sc. William III], ordinarily so saturnine and reserved, was that danger acted on him like wine.

1901 F. W. Rolfe Chron. House Borgia 262 He was of a saturnine habit of mind, repulsive to his fellow creatures.

1944 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Sept. 437 The wing commander at Roddy's station, a saturnine spirit, not inconceivably a dentist in civilian life, in the image of Mr. Rochester.

2003 J. C. Humes Citizen Shakespeare xx. 131 If Kempe in style was more the antic buffoon, Armin was a saturnine figure.

b. Of appearance or demeanour: forbidding, stern, dark.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > dark

wana1000

swartOE

darkOE

under-dark1382

sad1415

swartish1483

sable?a1513

dark-coloured?1523

swarth?1527

fuskish1563

swarty1572

saturnine1581

sable-suiteda1592

sable visaged1608

gloomy1632

sable-vested1667

fuscous1671

umbratile1678

sable-hooded1770

gangrenous1794

burnt1897

bead-dark1937

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine > of appearance

saturnine1581

1581 S. Batman tr. K. Lykosthenes Doome 37 Sibil of Phrigia, was apparelled in a red garment, hauing hir armes naked: An old Saturnine face, hard fauoured, lose haire spreading behinde hyr back.

1657 W. Greenwood Απογραϕὴ Στοργῆς 49 One of these melancholy Lovers, setting a frowning, tart, Saturnine face upon me.

1776 E. Topham Lett. Edinb. 83 The men are large and disproportioned with unfavourable, long, and saturnine countenances.

1891 O. Wilde Picture of Dorian Gray xi. 214 How evil he looked! The face was saturnine and swarthy, and the sensual lips seemed to be twisted with disdain.

1955 R. Church Over Bridge (1956) iv. 45 A woman still handsome in a saturnine way, with hair jet-black.

2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 Mar. 27 Possessed of striking saturnine good looks.

c. Of a place, event, etc.: gloomy, dreary, melancholy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

1863 Dublin Univ. Mag. Nov. 530/2 Gray twilight covers a desolate land..reaching to the sea, across whose saturnine space a level rushing wind, gray and shrill, foams over the ashy ridges of the deep.

1927 San Antonio (Texas) Sunday Light 27 Mar. (American Weekly section) 16/2 She could not stay... The dead, saturnine house about her was beginning to stifle her.

1992 R. Manning Swamp Root Chron. xvi. 272 No hint of a smile visited his face during his long and saturnine lecture.

2012 Atlantic Jan. 46/3 R.E.M.'s grunge-era album, Automatic for the People,..was a saturnine masterpiece of death songs and sawing violas.

2. Astrology. Relating to or affected by the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; esp. born under the influence of Saturn. Also: designating this influence.Quot. a1450 at sense A. 1a probably implies earlier currency of this sense, and quot. 1558 shows the overlap between the two senses; see note at sense A. 1a.

ΚΠ

1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy sig. E.iv If the vpper corner [of the triangle of lines on the hand] be not sharpe, and hauinge as it were the caracter of Saturn: it is a token of an euel and plaine Saturnine nature [L. Saturninae..naturae].

1587 R. Greene Morando ii. sig. I4^v The Saturnine temperature is necessarie to dry vp the superfluities of the sanguine constitution.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 64 Saturnine heauy headed blunderers.

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell v. 65 Go first to the Operations of the Soule, the one is Active and Mercuriall, the other is Speculative and Saturnine: the one Quick and Ayry, the other Slow and Heavy.

1696 J. Aubrey Misc. (1721) 172 Toads (Saturnine Animals) are killed by putting of Salt upon them.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 179. ¶1 I May cast my Readers unto two general Divisions, the Mercurial and the Saturnine.

1809 Supernatural Mag. Aug. 89 He was never once known to laugh while on earth, so powerful was the saturnine influence.

1920 Rosicrucian Fellowship Mag. Oct. 227/2 She will be apt to develop the Saturnine nature.

2013 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 10 Aug. 20 Saturn in your sign..ups your awareness of time and mortality... Embrace the Saturnine consciousness: strengthen & clarify your philosophy.

a. Chemistry. Containing the element lead; of or relating to lead. Cf. Saturn n. 3. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [adjective] > of or relating to lead

saturnine1664

1664 P. D. C. tr. N. Le Fèvre Compend. Body Chymistry II. ii. x. 187 The Artist was to lay aside some part of the dissolution of the calx of Lead..; for this Liquor may be made use of being mixt with common water, to make a Saturnine Extract [Fr. vn oxycrat saturnien].

1782 E. Ford in Med. Communications 1 96 A scabby eruption, which..yielded to a saturnine application.

1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 120 Acetate of lead and other Saturnine preparations.

1983 J. O. Nriagu Lead & Lead Poisoning in Antiq. vi. 319 Srivastava and Varadi..reported one case of plumbism in an adult that was caused by the use of saturnine mascara.

b. Medicine. Of, relating to, or caused by lead poisoning; affected by lead poisoning; designating poisoning by lead.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [adjective] > caused by or involving poison > by lead

saturnine1754

plumbic1869

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [adjective] > affected with > lead

leaded1878

saturnic1879

saturnine1897

1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 51 The Saturnine Colic which proceed from the Fumes of Lead.

1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Saturnine Breath, the peculiar odour of the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus.

1885 T. Stevenson in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 278/1 Potmen, who drink beer which has rested for some time in pewter vessels, are also the occasional victims of saturnine poisoning.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 982 The increase or diminution of the uric acid was in no way proportional to the severity of the colic, and old saturnine patients tended to pass it in excess.

1950 Brit. Jrnl. Industr. Med. 7 178/1 Cases of cerebral arteriosclerosis and of uræmia have been included in accounts of saturnine encephalopathy.

2018 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 131 e182/2 His gout affected mainly large joints, suggesting saturnine gout.

4. Of or relating to the planet Saturn.In early use often figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn

Saturnian1675

saturnine1841

saturnal1875

saturnial1897

1841 R. W. Emerson Let. 26 Feb. (1990) VII. 445 Do not make me to offend Miss Peabody whose benevolence I in my far and cold Saturnine orbit venerate.

1881 J. Ruskin Love's Meinie iii. 90 The iris [of a falcon's eye] itself often wide and pale, showing as a lurid saturnine ring under the shadow of the brow plumes.

2000 Sci. & Technol. Rev. Apr. 2/2 The adaptive optics images of Titan reveal features that could be frozen land masses... They tell astronomers about the complex surface composition of the frigid Saturnine moon.

B. n.

Originally: †a person born under the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; a person with a saturnine temperament (obsolete). Later: (with the and plural agreement) such people as a class (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > saturnine quality > person

Saturnian1546

Saturnist1546

saturnine1558

saturnal1605

1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy x. sig. Fviii^v (heading) Of the hill of the middle finger, appropriate to Saturnus of the finger it selfe with the nature of the Saturnines [L. Saturnijs hominibus].

1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xi. 82 A Launderer is a Linnen Barber, and a meere Saturnine; for you shall ever finde her in the Sudds.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 151 So much for the Physiognomy of the Saturnines; now for the Jovialists.

1753 W. Warburton Princ. Nat. & Revealed Relig. I. i. 9 The indolent, the active, the sanguine, the flegmatic, and the saturnine, have all their correspondent Theories [of morality].

2007 E. Shafak Bastard of Istanbul (2008) 124 The sweet lure of self-destruction that only the sophisticated or the saturnine will ever suffer from.

Compounds

† Saturnine line n. Palmistry Obsolete a line running from the wrist to the base of the middle finger, and supposed to give some indication of a person's fate (now more usually line of fortune: see line n.² 8b).

ΚΠ

1571 T. Hill Contempl. Mankinde xvii. f. 51 Of the Saturnine and Martiall slendernesse, doth the Phisiognomer here omit to write, willing the iudgers in this Arte, diligentlye to consider the Saturnine lines, both in the foreheade and hand.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. iv. 77 The Saturnine line going from the Rascetta, through the hand, to Saturnes mount, and there intersected by certaine little lines, argues melancholy.

1793 Astrologer's Mag. Aug. 36/1 The Saturnine-line most commonly supplies the place of the vital line, principally when it is bowed and reflexed towards the superior part of the wrist, above the mount of the thumb.

1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. 814/3 (caption) The human hand... 11. Linea fortunæ, or saturnine line.

† Saturnine mount n. Palmistry Obsolete the fleshy part of the palm at the base of the middle finger; = mons Saturni n. at mons n. 1.

ΚΠ

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 113 Chiromancy..finds proof of melancholy in the intersections on the saturnine mount.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	saturnine
释义	saturnineadj.n. Brit. /ˈsatənʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈsædərˌnaɪn/, /ˈsædərˌnin/ Forms: late Middle English satournyne, late Middle English saturnyne, 1500s– saturnine. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Saturninus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Saturninus of a character influenced by Saturn, melancholy, treacherous (12th cent. in a British source; also in continental sources), of or relating to lead (a1490 in a British source), of, relating to, or caused by lead poisoning (1712 in colica saturnina ) < classical Latin Sāturnus Saturn n. + -īnus -ine suffix¹.Compare classical Latin Sāturnīnus, a Roman cognomen. Compare also Middle French, French saturnin gloomy, sad (late 14th cent.), (of speech) careful, premeditated (beginning of the 15th cent.), of or relating to lead (1636), (of diseases) caused by absorption of lead (1812), Spanish saturnino (15th cent.), Italian saturnino (14th cent.).In verse from the 19th cent. and earlier frequently stressed on the second syllable. A. adj. 1. a. In regard to a person's temperament, mood, or manner: gloomy, melancholy, dejected, downcast, grim; not easily enlivened, enthused, or cheered; (in early use) ill-tempered, angry.In earlier use usually with implication that the temperament or mood is a result of the influence of the planet Saturn (cf. sense A. 2, especially quot. 1558); in more recent use this implication is generally absent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine darkc1440 saturninea1450 Saturnlike1569 Saturnical?1574 Saturnian1583 saturnious1591 saturnic1820 a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) l. 275 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 401 This cursid Bern, enuyous and riht fals And of complexioun verray saturnyne..Reportid hath in his malencolie How kyng Edmund slouh Lothbrok of enuye. 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 6 Such, and such hath beene the very nature, and qualitie of our common melancholique, and Saturnine prophets. 1668 J. Dryden Def. Ess. Dramatic Poesie 8 in Indian Emperour (ed. 2) My Conversation is slow and dull, my humour Saturnine and reserv'd. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. ii. 47 The former..was grave and saturnine in every thing he did. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 634 One of the most remarkable peculiarities of this man [sc. William III], ordinarily so saturnine and reserved, was that danger acted on him like wine. 1901 F. W. Rolfe Chron. House Borgia 262 He was of a saturnine habit of mind, repulsive to his fellow creatures. 1944 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Sept. 437 The wing commander at Roddy's station, a saturnine spirit, not inconceivably a dentist in civilian life, in the image of Mr. Rochester. 2003 J. C. Humes Citizen Shakespeare xx. 131 If Kempe in style was more the antic buffoon, Armin was a saturnine figure. b. Of appearance or demeanour: forbidding, stern, dark. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > dark wana1000 swartOE darkOE under-dark1382 sad1415 swartish1483 sable?a1513 dark-coloured?1523 swarth?1527 fuskish1563 swarty1572 saturnine1581 sable-suiteda1592 sable visaged1608 gloomy1632 sable-vested1667 fuscous1671 umbratile1678 sable-hooded1770 gangrenous1794 burnt1897 bead-dark1937 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine > of appearance saturnine1581 1581 S. Batman tr. K. Lykosthenes Doome 37 Sibil of Phrigia, was apparelled in a red garment, hauing hir armes naked: An old Saturnine face, hard fauoured, lose haire spreading behinde hyr back. 1657 W. Greenwood Απογραϕὴ Στοργῆς 49 One of these melancholy Lovers, setting a frowning, tart, Saturnine face upon me. 1776 E. Topham Lett. Edinb. 83 The men are large and disproportioned with unfavourable, long, and saturnine countenances. 1891 O. Wilde Picture of Dorian Gray xi. 214 How evil he looked! The face was saturnine and swarthy, and the sensual lips seemed to be twisted with disdain. 1955 R. Church Over Bridge (1956) iv. 45 A woman still handsome in a saturnine way, with hair jet-black. 2018 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 Mar. 27 Possessed of striking saturnine good looks. c. Of a place, event, etc.: gloomy, dreary, melancholy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 1863 Dublin Univ. Mag. Nov. 530/2 Gray twilight covers a desolate land..reaching to the sea, across whose saturnine space a level rushing wind, gray and shrill, foams over the ashy ridges of the deep. 1927 San Antonio (Texas) Sunday Light 27 Mar. (American Weekly section) 16/2 She could not stay... The dead, saturnine house about her was beginning to stifle her. 1992 R. Manning Swamp Root Chron. xvi. 272 No hint of a smile visited his face during his long and saturnine lecture. 2012 Atlantic Jan. 46/3 R.E.M.'s grunge-era album, Automatic for the People,..was a saturnine masterpiece of death songs and sawing violas. 2. Astrology. Relating to or affected by the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; esp. born under the influence of Saturn. Also: designating this influence.Quot. a1450 at sense A. 1a probably implies earlier currency of this sense, and quot. 1558 shows the overlap between the two senses; see note at sense A. 1a. ΚΠ 1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy sig. E.iv If the vpper corner [of the triangle of lines on the hand] be not sharpe, and hauinge as it were the caracter of Saturn: it is a token of an euel and plaine Saturnine nature [L. Saturninae..naturae]. 1587 R. Greene Morando ii. sig. I4^v The Saturnine temperature is necessarie to dry vp the superfluities of the sanguine constitution. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 64 Saturnine heauy headed blunderers. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell v. 65 Go first to the Operations of the Soule, the one is Active and Mercuriall, the other is Speculative and Saturnine: the one Quick and Ayry, the other Slow and Heavy. 1696 J. Aubrey Misc. (1721) 172 Toads (Saturnine Animals) are killed by putting of Salt upon them. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 179. ¶1 I May cast my Readers unto two general Divisions, the Mercurial and the Saturnine. 1809 Supernatural Mag. Aug. 89 He was never once known to laugh while on earth, so powerful was the saturnine influence. 1920 Rosicrucian Fellowship Mag. Oct. 227/2 She will be apt to develop the Saturnine nature. 2013 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 10 Aug. 20 Saturn in your sign..ups your awareness of time and mortality... Embrace the Saturnine consciousness: strengthen & clarify your philosophy. 3. a. Chemistry. Containing the element lead; of or relating to lead. Cf. Saturn n. 3. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [adjective] > of or relating to lead saturnine1664 1664 P. D. C. tr. N. Le Fèvre Compend. Body Chymistry II. ii. x. 187 The Artist was to lay aside some part of the dissolution of the calx of Lead..; for this Liquor may be made use of being mixt with common water, to make a Saturnine Extract [Fr. vn oxycrat saturnien]. 1782 E. Ford in Med. Communications 1 96 A scabby eruption, which..yielded to a saturnine application. 1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 120 Acetate of lead and other Saturnine preparations. 1983 J. O. Nriagu Lead & Lead Poisoning in Antiq. vi. 319 Srivastava and Varadi..reported one case of plumbism in an adult that was caused by the use of saturnine mascara. b. Medicine. Of, relating to, or caused by lead poisoning; affected by lead poisoning; designating poisoning by lead. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [adjective] > caused by or involving poison > by lead saturnine1754 plumbic1869 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [adjective] > affected with > lead leaded1878 saturnic1879 saturnine1897 1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 51 The Saturnine Colic which proceed from the Fumes of Lead. 1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Saturnine Breath, the peculiar odour of the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus. 1885 T. Stevenson in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 278/1 Potmen, who drink beer which has rested for some time in pewter vessels, are also the occasional victims of saturnine poisoning. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 982 The increase or diminution of the uric acid was in no way proportional to the severity of the colic, and old saturnine patients tended to pass it in excess. 1950 Brit. Jrnl. Industr. Med. 7 178/1 Cases of cerebral arteriosclerosis and of uræmia have been included in accounts of saturnine encephalopathy. 2018 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 131 e182/2 His gout affected mainly large joints, suggesting saturnine gout. 4. Of or relating to the planet Saturn.In early use often figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn Saturnian1675 saturnine1841 saturnal1875 saturnial1897 1841 R. W. Emerson Let. 26 Feb. (1990) VII. 445 Do not make me to offend Miss Peabody whose benevolence I in my far and cold Saturnine orbit venerate. 1881 J. Ruskin Love's Meinie iii. 90 The iris [of a falcon's eye] itself often wide and pale, showing as a lurid saturnine ring under the shadow of the brow plumes. 2000 Sci. & Technol. Rev. Apr. 2/2 The adaptive optics images of Titan reveal features that could be frozen land masses... They tell astronomers about the complex surface composition of the frigid Saturnine moon. B. n. Originally: †a person born under the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; a person with a saturnine temperament (obsolete). Later: (with the and plural agreement) such people as a class (rare). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > saturnine quality > person Saturnian1546 Saturnist1546 saturnine1558 saturnal1605 1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy x. sig. Fviii^v (heading) Of the hill of the middle finger, appropriate to Saturnus of the finger it selfe with the nature of the Saturnines [L. Saturnijs hominibus]. 1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xi. 82 A Launderer is a Linnen Barber, and a meere Saturnine; for you shall ever finde her in the Sudds. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 151 So much for the Physiognomy of the Saturnines; now for the Jovialists. 1753 W. Warburton Princ. Nat. & Revealed Relig. I. i. 9 The indolent, the active, the sanguine, the flegmatic, and the saturnine, have all their correspondent Theories [of morality]. 2007 E. Shafak Bastard of Istanbul (2008) 124 The sweet lure of self-destruction that only the sophisticated or the saturnine will ever suffer from. Compounds † Saturnine line n. Palmistry Obsolete a line running from the wrist to the base of the middle finger, and supposed to give some indication of a person's fate (now more usually line of fortune: see line n.² 8b). ΚΠ 1571 T. Hill Contempl. Mankinde xvii. f. 51 Of the Saturnine and Martiall slendernesse, doth the Phisiognomer here omit to write, willing the iudgers in this Arte, diligentlye to consider the Saturnine lines, both in the foreheade and hand. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. iv. 77 The Saturnine line going from the Rascetta, through the hand, to Saturnes mount, and there intersected by certaine little lines, argues melancholy. 1793 Astrologer's Mag. Aug. 36/1 The Saturnine-line most commonly supplies the place of the vital line, principally when it is bowed and reflexed towards the superior part of the wrist, above the mount of the thumb. 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I. 814/3 (caption) The human hand... 11. Linea fortunæ, or saturnine line. † Saturnine mount n. Palmistry Obsolete the fleshy part of the palm at the base of the middle finger; = mons Saturni n. at mons n. 1. ΚΠ 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 113 Chiromancy..finds proof of melancholy in the intersections on the saturnine mount. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1450
随便看	to roll down to st helena to roll in to roll in the hay to roll into to roll into one to roll off to roll on to roll one's own to roll one's tongue to roll one's way on to roll one's way upon to roll one'the tongue to roll out to roll out the red carpet to roll over to roll round to roll the bones to roll the stone to roll them bones to roll together to roll up to roll up and down to roll up one's sleeves to roll up the sidewalks to roll upon