Saturniann.¹adj.¹

Brit.

/səˈtəːnɪən/, U.S.

/səˈtərniən/

Forms: late Middle English Saturnyen, 1500s Satournian, 1500s Saturnyane, 1500s–1600s Saturnien, 1500s– Saturnian, 1600s Saturnean.

Origin: Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French saturnien ; Latin Sāturnius , -an suffix.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French saturnien (noun) follower or worshipper of the god Saturn (15th cent. in the passage translated in quot. ?1473 at sense A. 1a), (adjective) of or relating to the planet Saturn (c1380), sad, melancholy (1549), of or relating to a line in Saturnian metre (1765); partly directly < classical Latin Sāturnius of the god Saturn or the ‘golden age’ associated with him, designating the planet Saturn, designating the land of Saturn, Latium, or, more broadly, Italy, designating an early Roman metre and the poetry composed in it, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to the planet Saturn (12th cent. in a British source; < Sāturnus Saturn n. + -ius , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare earlier saturnine adj.Specific senses. In sense A. 1b translating ancient Greek Κρονίων (see Cronian adj.). With reference to the ‘golden age’ under the reign of Saturn (compare sense B. 3a), after classical Latin Sāturnia regna. With sense B. 4 compare classical Latin versus Sāturnius . In Saturnian land(s) at sense B. 5 after classical Latin Sāturnia tellus; compare also Sāturnia terra.

A. n.¹

†1.

a. A follower or worshipper of the god Saturn. Obsolete.In quot. ?1473 Saturn is represented as a historical figure rather than as a god. Cf. Euhemerism n.

ΚΠ

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 32^v From as ferre as the Tytanoys sawe the Saturnyens [Fr. Saturniens] come. they were right glade and made them self the grettest chiere of the worlde.

1641 Discoverie 29 Sects in London 7 The Saturnians worship one Saturne, whom they say was King of Heaven, but hee was banished from thence by his Sonne Iupiter, who they say reignes now in Heaven.

a1880 E. Guest Origines Celticae (1883) I. i. 34 The worship of Kronos or Saturn was long the popular religion of Italy... The names Opikoi and Osci, which were given by the Greeks and Romans respectively to a large section of the population of Italy, meant simply the Saturnians, that is, men who followed the old rites.

b. A son of the god Saturn. Obsolete. rare.In quots. referring to Jupiter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Jupiter

Jupiterc1275

Jovec1374

thundererc1374

altitonant?1578

lightener1598

thunder-darter1605

thunder-bearer1608

Saturnian1611

fulminator1613

thunder-mastera1616

fly-way-driver1658

Jupiter Pluvius1864

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age iii. sig. G2 Thy fall, Saturnian, addes to my renowne: For by thy death I gaine the Cretan Crowne.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury xxxviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 307 Where the ambrosial nymph with happy will Bore the Saturnian's love-child, Mercury.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury lii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 312 I appeal to the Saturnian's throne.

a. Astrology. A person born under the supposed influence of the planet Saturn.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > saturnine quality > person

Saturnian1546

Saturnist1546

saturnine1558

saturnal1605

1546 tr. A. P. Gasser Prognostication sig. d.vii In spring tyme, through the enuye of the Saturnians or subiectes to Saturne, whiche are the Turckes, thei shalbe disquieted.

1591 F. Sparry tr. C. de Cattan Geomancie i. xxiii. 31 A man being a Saturnian [Fr. l'homme Saturnien], is much more apte and prompt vnto things of Magicke, then he that is borne vnder an other Planet.

1890 tr. G. della Porta in tr. P. Mantegazza Physiognomy & Expression i. i. 8 We have said that the Saturnians are said to be melancholy, cold, and sapless.

1918 M. Heindel & A. F. Heindel Message of Stars (ed. 3) x. 205 They also have the persistence of Saturnians derived from the sign Capricorn so that they never give up until their object has been attained.

2010 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 May (A2 section) 4 An auspicious week for Saturnians with Capricorn moon's real estate potential and invitations by profitable contacts.

†b. A person with a saturnine temperament. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 58 What cold Saturnian Can hold, and heare such vile detraction?

3. Chiefly Science Fiction. An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.

ΚΠ

1738 Gentleman's Mag. June 315/2 Some cold Saturnian, when the lifted tube Shows to his wond'ring eye our pensile globe, Pities our thirsty soil, and sultry air.

1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vi. 153 The provision of satellites and of the rings..is altogether inadequate to increase the supply of light received by the Saturnians to any such extent as has been imagined.

1968 Stud. in Romanticism 7 245 As in much science fiction, the description of the customs of another planet enables the author to offer an implicit criticism of terrestrial ways. The Saturnians are considerate of others, avoid alcohol, [etc.].

2015 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 24 One of the reasons people obsess about Martians and not Saturnians or other planetary species is partly one of familiarity.

4. Classical Prosody. A line in Saturnian metre (see sense B. 4). Chiefly in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > [noun] > accentual verse > types of

political versea1732

Saturnian1848

1848 Southern Literary Messenger Feb. 107/2 The failure of critics to coerce these old Saturnians into any recognized arrangement of metrical feet favors the supposition, that at the period of their composition, the accent of prose still predominated in poetry.

c1873–4 G. M. Hopkins Note-bks. & Papers (1937) 235 The Saturnian..must have been chanted, as the beats as often as not disagree with the word-accents.

1951 Classical Philol. 46 241/1 Saturnians are treated, not as a type of verse-scheme, but as a system of rhythmic composition, at first probably accentual, but gradually adapted by more cultivated writers to quantitative rules.

2015 O. Salomies in C. Bruun & J. Edmondson Oxf. Handbk. Rom. Epigraphy ix. 167 The earliest inscriptions are composed in Saturnians.

B. adj.¹

a. Astrology. Relating to or affected by the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; (sometimes) spec. born under the influence of Saturn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn > influence

Saturnian1557

saturnal1572

saturnial1591

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. O.iiii Mauortian moods, Saturnian furies fell.

1897 Intelligence Nov. 456 Wellington was providentially blessed with Jupiter in his tenth house, while the fortunes of Napoleon were dependent upon the Saturnian element.

1922 W. B. Yeats Seven Poems 6 Stretch out your limbs and sleep a long Saturnian sleep.

1947 H. Nicolson in Spectator 19 Dec. 768/1 The Saturnian temperament..induces its victims to regard the masses as totally uneducable.

2015 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 25 July 47 This energetic, eruptive, unreliable week might frustrate your Saturnian need to have life organised and dependable.

†b. Resembling or reminiscent of Saturn in slowness (in regard to the planet's motion across the sky). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1660 J. Howell Θηρολογια v. 67 'Tis tru that the Tumontian is tardy and slow in his counsells when he is moulding of a design, and therin he may be said to have a Saturnian motion, but when his design is ripe, and ready to be put in action, then he is nimble enough and follows the motion of Mercury.

a1797 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory France in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 100 The slow-paced Saturnian movements of Spain.

c. Of or relating to the planet Saturn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn

Saturnian1675

saturnine1841

saturnal1875

saturnial1897

1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 185 This Saturnian Companion, after several Moneths Observation, he found to finish his Periodical Revolution it [sic] its Orbit about the Body of Saturn, in the space of sixteen dayes.

1806 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 466 We may infer the existence of a Saturnian atmosphere.

1865 R. A. Proctor Saturn & Syst. 115 The only possible interpretation of the stability of the Saturnian rings.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 505/2 The Cassini mission will reach the Saturnian system in 2002.

2010 Nature 29 July 575/2 Solar System discoveries steadily accumulated in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with five Saturnian moons found between 1655 and 1684.

d. Physics. Of or relating to any model of the atom in which rings of electrons orbit a central positive charge, similar to the manner in which Saturn is orbited by its rings; spec. the model proposed in 1904 by Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [adjective] > relating to models of the nucleus

Saturnian1904

isoelectronic1928

liquid-drop1939

1904 H. Nagaoka in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 7 446 In his lectures on electrons, Sir Oliver Lodge calls attention to a Saturnian system which probably will be of the same arrangement as that above spoken of.

1967 D. ter Haar Old Quantum Theory iii. 31 Nagaoka (1904) had considered earlier the properties of a ‘Saturnian’ atom.

2008 J. C. A. Boeyens Chem. First Princ. iv. 156 It can be argued that Nagaoka's Saturnian atom contains the information that produces the periodic table of the elements.

†2. Gloomy, melancholy; = saturnine adj. 1a. Also of appearance or demeanour: forbidding, stern; = saturnine adj. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine

darkc1440

saturninea1450

Saturnlike1569

Saturnical?1574

Saturnian1583

saturnious1591

saturnic1820

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 989 There slothfullye she walkes with lumpishe leysure like a snayle, her lippes are euer pattering, her chekes are bolne, her face Saturnian swart, her neuer sleping eies do looke askew.

1614 W. Bishop Disproofe D. Abbots Counterproofe against D. Bishops Reproofe of Def. of M. Perkins Reformed Catholike 69 Now to that bigge bragge of his, that hee hath in a brief advertisment trownced mee terribly, & like a Saturnian frowning angrie scholemaister scourged me accordinglie: God bee thanked, his words be but wind.

1672 W. Salmon Polygraphice iii. xv. 194 Sibilla Phrigia, [is painted] in red garments, having an old Saturnian, hard favoured face.

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) Saturnine, or Saturnian, a term applied to persons of dark, sullen, melancholic complections.

a. Of, relating to, or reminiscent of the god Saturn.In early use chiefly with reference to a mythical past ‘golden age’ presided over by Saturn before he was overthrown by Jupiter (cf. golden age n. 1a), or to an imagined return of such an age of prosperity, happiness, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > [adjective] > characterized by prosperity > of times or places

golden?a1439

wealthyc1460

Saturnian1592

silver1659

millenary1700

heroic1793

Pericleana1822

flush1840

millennial1859

belle époque1957

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > relating to Saturn

Saturnical1561

Saturnian1592

1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 50 Whereat Saturnian Empres Iuno, frets and fumes; and brawles and scoldes with her husband.

1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 28 And in this point our Poet Dante, greatly commendeth the first Saturnian age [It. primo seculo di Saturno], when they went not into cellars to broach hogsheads, but ran with their hands to the fresh water riuers.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 26 Here pleas'd behold her mighty wings out-spread To hatch a new Saturnian age of Lead.

1785 London Chron. 1 Mar. The Saturnian age was to be renewed in that hemisphere.

1827 T. Carlyle State Germ. Lit. in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 337 A new social order was to bring back the Saturnian era to the world.

1844 T. Parker Disc. Matters pertaining to Relig. i. v. 64 The Saturnian Gods of the older mythology are deified powers of nature.

1916 Amer. Educ. Apr. 466/1 It is these common words that have come down to us from..the morn of Saturnian rule when the gods still walked and talked with men.

1981 N.Y. Times 31 Oct. 27/5 Our society has pretty much abandoned the hope that science will create, or recreate, a Saturnian Golden Age.

2003 L. M. DuQuette Understanding A. Crowley's Thoth Tarot xiv. 154 What is the black crescent-shaped object in the goddess's right hand?..My best guess is that it is a sickle (not an inappropriate weapon for a Saturnian goddess).

b. Characteristic of or resembling Saturn in behaviour, spec. in regard to his devouring his own offspring.

ΚΠ

1838 Standard 3 Apr. This Saturnian propensity of the Whig-Radicals to mangle and devour their own progeny.

1891 F. Thompson Sister-songs (1895) 55 Ere Saturnian earth her child consumes.

1920 D. Goldring Margot's Progress i. x. 114 A Saturnian mother, who doesn't hesitate to devour her young when they displease her!

2000 Independent (Nexis) 22 Oct. When the Revolution entered its Saturnian phase, ghoulishly devouring its own children, he was sentenced to death.

4. Classical Prosody. Designating an early Roman metre or verse form, employed in the 3rd and 2nd centuries b.c. in epitaphs and other inscriptions, and also in some early epic poems; of, relating to, or employing this metre or verse form.Although a large number of lines of Saturnian verse have been preserved, the nature of the metre is still disputed, some scholars believing it to be quantitative, and others accentual.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > [adjective] > type of accentual

Saturnian1628

1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks ii. 55 Th' Italian Nations also sprung from Troy Singing Saturnian rythms [L. versibus incomptis] with open ioy.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xvii The Romans..had certain Young Men, who at their Festivals, Danc'd and Sung after their uncouth manner, to a certain kind of Verse, which they call'd Saturnian.

1783 T. Wilson Archæol. Dict. Saturnian Verses, among the Romans, were a kind of Iambics, used in the first satirical compositions.

1842 T. B. Macaulay Let. 22 Aug. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) II. ix. 117 The Saturnian metre is acatalectic dimeter Iambic, followed by three trochees.

1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. 159 The Saturnian verse recognizes this secondary accent, if we are right in regarding it as accentual and not quantitative verse, with three accents in the first hemistich and two in the second.

1944 Classical Philol. 39 48/1 Horace calls the Saturnian meter horridus.

2003 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Oct. 7/1 Elegant Hellenic hexameters arrived to displace the native Saturnian metre.

5. poetic and literary. Italian. Chiefly in Saturnian land(s). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1649 J. Ogilby tr. Virgil Georgicks ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 Haile great Saturnian Lands [L. Saturnia tellus], Parent of fruit, and men of noble parts.

1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid I. i. 35 Seek you, my Friends, the blest Saturnian Plains, Or fair Trinacria, where Acestes reigns?

1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 16 Through the fortunate Saturnian land, Into the darkness of the West.

1928 H. S. Salt tr. Virgil Story of Aeneas (2014) i. 18 Seek, if ye will, Saturnian shores renowned.

1939 S. C. Williamson Eng. Tradition in World xiii. 109 I hope..that this country of Kent..may be for them the fountain of fine feeling and thought as Colonos was to Sophocles and the ‘Saturnian land’ to Virgil.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	saturnian
释义	Saturniann.¹adj.¹ Brit. /səˈtəːnɪən/, U.S. /səˈtərniən/ Forms: late Middle English Saturnyen, 1500s Satournian, 1500s Saturnyane, 1500s–1600s Saturnien, 1500s– Saturnian, 1600s Saturnean. Origin: Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French saturnien ; Latin Sāturnius , -an suffix. Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French saturnien (noun) follower or worshipper of the god Saturn (15th cent. in the passage translated in quot. ?1473 at sense A. 1a), (adjective) of or relating to the planet Saturn (c1380), sad, melancholy (1549), of or relating to a line in Saturnian metre (1765); partly directly < classical Latin Sāturnius of the god Saturn or the ‘golden age’ associated with him, designating the planet Saturn, designating the land of Saturn, Latium, or, more broadly, Italy, designating an early Roman metre and the poetry composed in it, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to the planet Saturn (12th cent. in a British source; < Sāturnus Saturn n. + -ius , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare earlier saturnine adj.Specific senses. In sense A. 1b translating ancient Greek Κρονίων (see Cronian adj.). With reference to the ‘golden age’ under the reign of Saturn (compare sense B. 3a), after classical Latin Sāturnia regna. With sense B. 4 compare classical Latin versus Sāturnius . In Saturnian land(s) at sense B. 5 after classical Latin Sāturnia tellus; compare also Sāturnia terra. A. n.¹ †1. a. A follower or worshipper of the god Saturn. Obsolete.In quot. ?1473 Saturn is represented as a historical figure rather than as a god. Cf. Euhemerism n. ΚΠ ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 32^v From as ferre as the Tytanoys sawe the Saturnyens [Fr. Saturniens] come. they were right glade and made them self the grettest chiere of the worlde. 1641 Discoverie 29 Sects in London 7 The Saturnians worship one Saturne, whom they say was King of Heaven, but hee was banished from thence by his Sonne Iupiter, who they say reignes now in Heaven. a1880 E. Guest Origines Celticae (1883) I. i. 34 The worship of Kronos or Saturn was long the popular religion of Italy... The names Opikoi and Osci, which were given by the Greeks and Romans respectively to a large section of the population of Italy, meant simply the Saturnians, that is, men who followed the old rites. b. A son of the god Saturn. Obsolete. rare.In quots. referring to Jupiter. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Jupiter Jupiterc1275 Jovec1374 thundererc1374 altitonant?1578 lightener1598 thunder-darter1605 thunder-bearer1608 Saturnian1611 fulminator1613 thunder-mastera1616 fly-way-driver1658 Jupiter Pluvius1864 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age iii. sig. G2 Thy fall, Saturnian, addes to my renowne: For by thy death I gaine the Cretan Crowne. a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury xxxviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 307 Where the ambrosial nymph with happy will Bore the Saturnian's love-child, Mercury. a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury lii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 312 I appeal to the Saturnian's throne. 2. a. Astrology. A person born under the supposed influence of the planet Saturn. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > saturnine quality > person Saturnian1546 Saturnist1546 saturnine1558 saturnal1605 1546 tr. A. P. Gasser Prognostication sig. d.vii In spring tyme, through the enuye of the Saturnians or subiectes to Saturne, whiche are the Turckes, thei shalbe disquieted. 1591 F. Sparry tr. C. de Cattan Geomancie i. xxiii. 31 A man being a Saturnian [Fr. l'homme Saturnien], is much more apte and prompt vnto things of Magicke, then he that is borne vnder an other Planet. 1890 tr. G. della Porta in tr. P. Mantegazza Physiognomy & Expression i. i. 8 We have said that the Saturnians are said to be melancholy, cold, and sapless. 1918 M. Heindel & A. F. Heindel Message of Stars (ed. 3) x. 205 They also have the persistence of Saturnians derived from the sign Capricorn so that they never give up until their object has been attained. 2010 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 May (A2 section) 4 An auspicious week for Saturnians with Capricorn moon's real estate potential and invitations by profitable contacts. †b. A person with a saturnine temperament. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 58 What cold Saturnian Can hold, and heare such vile detraction? 3. Chiefly Science Fiction. An inhabitant of the planet Saturn. ΚΠ 1738 Gentleman's Mag. June 315/2 Some cold Saturnian, when the lifted tube Shows to his wond'ring eye our pensile globe, Pities our thirsty soil, and sultry air. 1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vi. 153 The provision of satellites and of the rings..is altogether inadequate to increase the supply of light received by the Saturnians to any such extent as has been imagined. 1968 Stud. in Romanticism 7 245 As in much science fiction, the description of the customs of another planet enables the author to offer an implicit criticism of terrestrial ways. The Saturnians are considerate of others, avoid alcohol, [etc.]. 2015 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 24 One of the reasons people obsess about Martians and not Saturnians or other planetary species is partly one of familiarity. 4. Classical Prosody. A line in Saturnian metre (see sense B. 4). Chiefly in plural. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > [noun] > accentual verse > types of political versea1732 Saturnian1848 1848 Southern Literary Messenger Feb. 107/2 The failure of critics to coerce these old Saturnians into any recognized arrangement of metrical feet favors the supposition, that at the period of their composition, the accent of prose still predominated in poetry. c1873–4 G. M. Hopkins Note-bks. & Papers (1937) 235 The Saturnian..must have been chanted, as the beats as often as not disagree with the word-accents. 1951 Classical Philol. 46 241/1 Saturnians are treated, not as a type of verse-scheme, but as a system of rhythmic composition, at first probably accentual, but gradually adapted by more cultivated writers to quantitative rules. 2015 O. Salomies in C. Bruun & J. Edmondson Oxf. Handbk. Rom. Epigraphy ix. 167 The earliest inscriptions are composed in Saturnians. B. adj.¹ 1. a. Astrology. Relating to or affected by the supposed influence of the planet Saturn; (sometimes) spec. born under the influence of Saturn. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn > influence Saturnian1557 saturnal1572 saturnial1591 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. O.iiii Mauortian moods, Saturnian furies fell. 1897 Intelligence Nov. 456 Wellington was providentially blessed with Jupiter in his tenth house, while the fortunes of Napoleon were dependent upon the Saturnian element. 1922 W. B. Yeats Seven Poems 6 Stretch out your limbs and sleep a long Saturnian sleep. 1947 H. Nicolson in Spectator 19 Dec. 768/1 The Saturnian temperament..induces its victims to regard the masses as totally uneducable. 2015 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 25 July 47 This energetic, eruptive, unreliable week might frustrate your Saturnian need to have life organised and dependable. †b. Resembling or reminiscent of Saturn in slowness (in regard to the planet's motion across the sky). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1660 J. Howell Θηρολογια v. 67 'Tis tru that the Tumontian is tardy and slow in his counsells when he is moulding of a design, and therin he may be said to have a Saturnian motion, but when his design is ripe, and ready to be put in action, then he is nimble enough and follows the motion of Mercury. a1797 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory France in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 100 The slow-paced Saturnian movements of Spain. c. Of or relating to the planet Saturn. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [adjective] > Saturn Saturnian1675 saturnine1841 saturnal1875 saturnial1897 1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 185 This Saturnian Companion, after several Moneths Observation, he found to finish his Periodical Revolution it [sic] its Orbit about the Body of Saturn, in the space of sixteen dayes. 1806 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 466 We may infer the existence of a Saturnian atmosphere. 1865 R. A. Proctor Saturn & Syst. 115 The only possible interpretation of the stability of the Saturnian rings. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 505/2 The Cassini mission will reach the Saturnian system in 2002. 2010 Nature 29 July 575/2 Solar System discoveries steadily accumulated in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with five Saturnian moons found between 1655 and 1684. d. Physics. Of or relating to any model of the atom in which rings of electrons orbit a central positive charge, similar to the manner in which Saturn is orbited by its rings; spec. the model proposed in 1904 by Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [adjective] > relating to models of the nucleus Saturnian1904 isoelectronic1928 liquid-drop1939 1904 H. Nagaoka in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 7 446 In his lectures on electrons, Sir Oliver Lodge calls attention to a Saturnian system which probably will be of the same arrangement as that above spoken of. 1967 D. ter Haar Old Quantum Theory iii. 31 Nagaoka (1904) had considered earlier the properties of a ‘Saturnian’ atom. 2008 J. C. A. Boeyens Chem. First Princ. iv. 156 It can be argued that Nagaoka's Saturnian atom contains the information that produces the periodic table of the elements. †2. Gloomy, melancholy; = saturnine adj. 1a. Also of appearance or demeanour: forbidding, stern; = saturnine adj. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > saturnine darkc1440 saturninea1450 Saturnlike1569 Saturnical?1574 Saturnian1583 saturnious1591 saturnic1820 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 989 There slothfullye she walkes with lumpishe leysure like a snayle, her lippes are euer pattering, her chekes are bolne, her face Saturnian swart, her neuer sleping eies do looke askew. 1614 W. Bishop Disproofe D. Abbots Counterproofe against D. Bishops Reproofe of Def. of M. Perkins Reformed Catholike 69 Now to that bigge bragge of his, that hee hath in a brief advertisment trownced mee terribly, & like a Saturnian frowning angrie scholemaister scourged me accordinglie: God bee thanked, his words be but wind. 1672 W. Salmon Polygraphice iii. xv. 194 Sibilla Phrigia, [is painted] in red garments, having an old Saturnian, hard favoured face. 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) Saturnine, or Saturnian, a term applied to persons of dark, sullen, melancholic complections. 3. a. Of, relating to, or reminiscent of the god Saturn.In early use chiefly with reference to a mythical past ‘golden age’ presided over by Saturn before he was overthrown by Jupiter (cf. golden age n. 1a), or to an imagined return of such an age of prosperity, happiness, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > [adjective] > characterized by prosperity > of times or places golden?a1439 wealthyc1460 Saturnian1592 silver1659 millenary1700 heroic1793 Pericleana1822 flush1840 millennial1859 belle époque1957 the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [adjective] > relating to Saturn Saturnical1561 Saturnian1592 1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 50 Whereat Saturnian Empres Iuno, frets and fumes; and brawles and scoldes with her husband. 1600 tr. T. Garzoni Hosp. Incurable Fooles 28 And in this point our Poet Dante, greatly commendeth the first Saturnian age [It. primo seculo di Saturno], when they went not into cellars to broach hogsheads, but ran with their hands to the fresh water riuers. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 26 Here pleas'd behold her mighty wings out-spread To hatch a new Saturnian age of Lead. 1785 London Chron. 1 Mar. The Saturnian age was to be renewed in that hemisphere. 1827 T. Carlyle State Germ. Lit. in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 337 A new social order was to bring back the Saturnian era to the world. 1844 T. Parker Disc. Matters pertaining to Relig. i. v. 64 The Saturnian Gods of the older mythology are deified powers of nature. 1916 Amer. Educ. Apr. 466/1 It is these common words that have come down to us from..the morn of Saturnian rule when the gods still walked and talked with men. 1981 N.Y. Times 31 Oct. 27/5 Our society has pretty much abandoned the hope that science will create, or recreate, a Saturnian Golden Age. 2003 L. M. DuQuette Understanding A. Crowley's Thoth Tarot xiv. 154 What is the black crescent-shaped object in the goddess's right hand?..My best guess is that it is a sickle (not an inappropriate weapon for a Saturnian goddess). b. Characteristic of or resembling Saturn in behaviour, spec. in regard to his devouring his own offspring. ΚΠ 1838 Standard 3 Apr. This Saturnian propensity of the Whig-Radicals to mangle and devour their own progeny. 1891 F. Thompson Sister-songs (1895) 55 Ere Saturnian earth her child consumes. 1920 D. Goldring Margot's Progress i. x. 114 A Saturnian mother, who doesn't hesitate to devour her young when they displease her! 2000 Independent (Nexis) 22 Oct. When the Revolution entered its Saturnian phase, ghoulishly devouring its own children, he was sentenced to death. 4. Classical Prosody. Designating an early Roman metre or verse form, employed in the 3rd and 2nd centuries b.c. in epitaphs and other inscriptions, and also in some early epic poems; of, relating to, or employing this metre or verse form.Although a large number of lines of Saturnian verse have been preserved, the nature of the metre is still disputed, some scholars believing it to be quantitative, and others accentual. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > [adjective] > type of accentual Saturnian1628 1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks ii. 55 Th' Italian Nations also sprung from Troy Singing Saturnian rythms [L. versibus incomptis] with open ioy. 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xvii The Romans..had certain Young Men, who at their Festivals, Danc'd and Sung after their uncouth manner, to a certain kind of Verse, which they call'd Saturnian. 1783 T. Wilson Archæol. Dict. Saturnian Verses, among the Romans, were a kind of Iambics, used in the first satirical compositions. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Let. 22 Aug. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) II. ix. 117 The Saturnian metre is acatalectic dimeter Iambic, followed by three trochees. 1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. 159 The Saturnian verse recognizes this secondary accent, if we are right in regarding it as accentual and not quantitative verse, with three accents in the first hemistich and two in the second. 1944 Classical Philol. 39 48/1 Horace calls the Saturnian meter horridus. 2003 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Oct. 7/1 Elegant Hellenic hexameters arrived to displace the native Saturnian metre. 5. poetic and literary. Italian. Chiefly in Saturnian land(s). Now rare. ΚΠ 1649 J. Ogilby tr. Virgil Georgicks ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 Haile great Saturnian Lands [L. Saturnia tellus], Parent of fruit, and men of noble parts. 1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid I. i. 35 Seek you, my Friends, the blest Saturnian Plains, Or fair Trinacria, where Acestes reigns? 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 16 Through the fortunate Saturnian land, Into the darkness of the West. 1928 H. S. Salt tr. Virgil Story of Aeneas (2014) i. 18 Seek, if ye will, Saturnian shores renowned. 1939 S. C. Williamson Eng. Tradition in World xiii. 109 I hope..that this country of Kent..may be for them the fountain of fine feeling and thought as Colonos was to Sophocles and the ‘Saturnian land’ to Virgil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Saturniann.² Brit. /səˈtəːnɪən/, U.S. /səˈtərniən/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Saturnianus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Saturnianus (5th cent.), irregularly < Saturninus or Saturnilus , the name of the founder of the sect + classical Latin -ānus -an suffix. Compare Saturninian n.Compare French †Saturnien (1605 or earlier). Church History. An adherent of an early Gnostic sect founded by Saturninus in the second century; = Saturninian n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > major early Christian sects > Gnosticism > [noun] > person > saturnian Saturninian1565 Saturnilian1569 Saturnian1598 1598 J. Golburne in tr. S. de Voyon Disc. Catal. Doctors Gods Church To Rdr. sig. A 8 The Saturnians, Montanists, Origenians, Tertullianists, & Hyeraists. 1699 J. Wyeth Anguis Flagellatus 228 I may fitly end this Section with shewing, that whatsoever the Marcionites, Manichees, Eutychians and Saturnians, might hold as to the Divinity and Incarnation of Christ; yet we have always said, and believed..that Jesus..was truly and properly Man. 1709 T. Worthington Introd. Catholick Faith ix. 36 Simon Magus the first Heresiarch had scarce broach'd his Heresy but it was divided into Menandrians, Basilidians, Saturnians &c. 1872 A. M. Goldsmid tr. J. Cohen Deicides ii. v. 246 The Valentinians, whose tenets were an incoherent mixture of those of the Gnostics and Saturnians, had formed a whole extravagant theogony. 1955 A. A. Moon De Natura Boni of St. Augustine 136 On the basis of the usual Gnostic teachings, the Saturnians apparently had fashioned a dualistic system of redemption. 1998 J. M. Guy Victorian Age 579 Saturnians were a sect of Gnostic heretics of the second century. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). saturniann.³adj.² Brit. /səˈtəːnɪən/, U.S. /səˈtərniən/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Saturnia , -an suffix. Etymology: < scientific Latin Saturnia, genus name ( F. von Paula Schrank Fauna Boica (1802) II. 149; < classical Latin Saturnia , epithet of the goddess Juno, as she was the daughter of Saturn < Saturnus Saturn n. + -ia -ia suffix¹) + -an suffix. Compare saturniid adj. Entomology. †A. n.³ Any moth of the family Saturniidae; = saturniid n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Saturniidae > member of (saturniid) saturnian1841 Polyphemus1867 Polyphemous moth1882 saturniid1886 1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 276 These insects..belong to a family called Saturnians (Saturniadæ). 1865 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 9 189 The cocoon of the Ophion is seen within the innermost cocoon of the moth, with the dried larva-skin of the Saturnian shrivelled up. 1918 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 11 404 The fifth and sixth abdominal segments are ‘free’ or movable as in the saturnians. B. adj.² Of, relating to, or characteristic of moths of the family Saturniidae; belonging to this family; = saturniid adj. Now rare or disused. ΚΠ 1854 E. Emmons Agric. N.Y. V. 270/3 (index) Saturnia, or Saturnian moth. 1865 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 9 189 The Saturnian larva dies. 1930 Proc. Entomol. Soc. London 5 44 In a recently received consignment Miss Vinall included another Saturnian moth bred from an edible larva. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.¹?1473n.²1598n.³adj.²1841
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