ryotwariadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪəˌtwɑːri/, U.S.

/ˈraɪəˌtwɑri/

Forms: 1800s rayetwarry, 1800s ryotwarree, 1800s ryotwarry, 1800s– rayetwari, 1800s– ryotwary, 1900s– rayatwari, 1900s– ryotwari.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu raʿīyatwārī; Persian raʿīyatwārī.

Etymology: < Urdu raʿīyatwārī and its etymon Indian Persian raʿīyatwārī < raʿīyatwār ryotwar adj. + -ī , suffix forming adjectives expressing belonging (see -i suffix²), probably after zamīndārī zamindari n. Compare earlier zamindari n.

A. adj.

Designating or relating to land tenure in India characterized by direct settlement between the government and the cultivators, without the intervention of a zamindar or landlord.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [adjective] > types of tenure in India

ryotwari1807

ryotwar1812

1807 W. Thackeray Rep. in 5th Rep. Select Comm. Affairs E. India Company (1812) 996 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 377) VII. 1 The customs in any frontier district, require more attention to accounts, and more intricate details, than the whole ryotwarry detail of land revenue.

1834 A. Prinsep Baboo I. v. 71 By your ryotwary system, you would elevate the peasant and the labourer.

1861 All Year Round 13 July 376 There are two ways of raising indigo: one by 'neez or private cultivation; the other by the ryotwarree system.

1902 S. Smith My Life Work xxii. 211 Two great systems of land tenure divide the soil of India—the Zemindary or landlord type and the Ryotwary or peasant type.

1935 Times 9 July 13/4 They propose to spend..smaller sums on..the development of Ryotwari villages.

1970 I. J. Catanach Rural Credit in Western India, 1875–1930 i. 16 The introduction of a strict rayatwari revenue system..put an end to the activities of those bankers who lent to whole villages.

2005 S. R. Singh Land Reforms & Farm Diversity v. 100 The first Ryotwari settlement was made in Madras in 1972.

B. n.

The ryotwari system of land tenure.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > leasehold tenure > specific systems of

zamindarship1698

ryotwari1807

landlordism1844

shared ownership1913

flatshare1965

shorthold1976

zamindari1976

1807 W. Thackeray Rep. in 5th Rep. Select Comm. Affairs E. India Company (1812) 996 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 377) VII. 1 Such a plan would also (say the friends of the ryotwarry) be attended with many other advantages.

1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 189 The tendency of all village systems is to crumble to pieces, and revert to ryotwarry.

1867 R. A. Dalyell Mem. Madras Famine 67 The ‘annual settlements’ under ryotwary are often misunderstood.

1902 East India Revenue Accts. 21 Nov. in Parl. Deb. 4th ser. CXV. 176 The money-lender..was one of the greatest curses of the ryotwari of India.

1961 K. Nair Blossoms in Dust (1962) i. 28 There is a three-tiered structure of rural society with the landowner at the apex, under him the tenant and..an army of landless labourers at the base—in an area that has been under ryotwari..since 1804.

2007 Indian Express (Nexis) 8 May Ryotwari..ended up creating indebtedness and feudalism from below.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ryotwari
释义	ryotwariadj.n. Brit. /ˈrʌɪəˌtwɑːri/, U.S. /ˈraɪəˌtwɑri/ Forms: 1800s rayetwarry, 1800s ryotwarree, 1800s ryotwarry, 1800s– rayetwari, 1800s– ryotwary, 1900s– rayatwari, 1900s– ryotwari. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu raʿīyatwārī; Persian raʿīyatwārī. Etymology: < Urdu raʿīyatwārī and its etymon Indian Persian raʿīyatwārī < raʿīyatwār ryotwar adj. + -ī , suffix forming adjectives expressing belonging (see -i suffix²), probably after zamīndārī zamindari n. Compare earlier zamindari n. A. adj. Designating or relating to land tenure in India characterized by direct settlement between the government and the cultivators, without the intervention of a zamindar or landlord. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [adjective] > types of tenure in India ryotwari1807 ryotwar1812 1807 W. Thackeray Rep. in 5th Rep. Select Comm. Affairs E. India Company (1812) 996 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 377) VII. 1 The customs in any frontier district, require more attention to accounts, and more intricate details, than the whole ryotwarry detail of land revenue. 1834 A. Prinsep Baboo I. v. 71 By your ryotwary system, you would elevate the peasant and the labourer. 1861 All Year Round 13 July 376 There are two ways of raising indigo: one by 'neez or private cultivation; the other by the ryotwarree system. 1902 S. Smith My Life Work xxii. 211 Two great systems of land tenure divide the soil of India—the Zemindary or landlord type and the Ryotwary or peasant type. 1935 Times 9 July 13/4 They propose to spend..smaller sums on..the development of Ryotwari villages. 1970 I. J. Catanach Rural Credit in Western India, 1875–1930 i. 16 The introduction of a strict rayatwari revenue system..put an end to the activities of those bankers who lent to whole villages. 2005 S. R. Singh Land Reforms & Farm Diversity v. 100 The first Ryotwari settlement was made in Madras in 1972. B. n. The ryotwari system of land tenure. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > leasehold tenure > specific systems of zamindarship1698 ryotwari1807 landlordism1844 shared ownership1913 flatshare1965 shorthold1976 zamindari1976 1807 W. Thackeray Rep. in 5th Rep. Select Comm. Affairs E. India Company (1812) 996 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 377) VII. 1 Such a plan would also (say the friends of the ryotwarry) be attended with many other advantages. 1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 189 The tendency of all village systems is to crumble to pieces, and revert to ryotwarry. 1867 R. A. Dalyell Mem. Madras Famine 67 The ‘annual settlements’ under ryotwary are often misunderstood. 1902 East India Revenue Accts. 21 Nov. in Parl. Deb. 4th ser. CXV. 176 The money-lender..was one of the greatest curses of the ryotwari of India. 1961 K. Nair Blossoms in Dust (1962) i. 28 There is a three-tiered structure of rural society with the landowner at the apex, under him the tenant and..an army of landless labourers at the base—in an area that has been under ryotwari..since 1804. 2007 Indian Express (Nexis) 8 May Ryotwari..ended up creating indebtedness and feudalism from below. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1807
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