ryen.¹

Brit.

/rʌɪ/, U.S.

/raɪ/

Forms: early Old English ryg, early Old English rygi, Old English rige, Old English ryge, Middle English reye, Middle English reyghe, Middle English reyhe, Middle English riȝe, Middle English ruȝe, Middle English ruye, Middle English ryȝe, Middle English–1600s ry, Middle English–1700s rie, Middle English– rye, 1500s–1600s rey, 1600s rhie, 1600s rice (plural); Scottish pre-1700 raij, pre-1700 ray, pre-1700 rey, pre-1700 rie, pre-1700 ry, pre-1700 1700s– rye.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rugr (Icelandic rúgur), Faroese rugur, Norwegian rug, (regional) ruug, Old Swedish rugh, rogh, rygh (Swedish råg), Old Danish rugh, roug (Danish rug), and also (with different stem formation) Old Frisian rogga (West Frisian rogge), Middle Dutch rogge, rogghe, rugge (Dutch rogge), Old Saxon roggo, rokko (Middle Low German rogge), Old High German roggo, rocco, rocko (Middle High German rogge, rocke, German Roggen, †Rocken), further cognate with and perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Lithuanian (plural, denoting the grain of rye collectively) rugiai, Latvian (plural) rudzi, Old Russian r″ž′ (Russian rož′); further etymology uncertain: perhaps a loan < an unidentified non-Indo-European language.The English and Scandinavian nouns are i-stems; the continental West Germanic nouns are n-stems with regular gemination of g before n. The long vowel of modern Icelandic rúgur and Norwegian regional ruug is of later origin. A Thracian word recorded in Hellenistic Greek as βρίζα rye (2nd cent. a.d. in Galen) has sometimes been taken as cognate, but this view is not generally accepted and presents both phonological and semantic difficulties. The Germanic word was probably borrowed into Finno-Ugric languages at an early date; compare e.g. Estonian rukis, Finnish ruis (inflectional stem rukii-), Vepsian rugiž, although the nature of the relationship with these words cannot be confirmed with precision. The suggestion that the word is < the same Indo-European base as Shughni rōγ̌j ear of corn is unlikely on formal grounds. Also attested early in place names, as Rygedun, Norfolk (a1038; now Roydon), Ruitone, Shropshire (1086; now Ryton), Riesce, Kent (1086; now Ryarsh), Rihella, West Riding, Yorkshire (1086; now Ryhill), Rihul, Northumberland (1176; now Great Ryle), etc.

1. A foodgrain obtained from the plant Secale cereale (see sense 2a), extensively used (esp. in northern Europe) for making coarse bread, beer, spirits, etc., and (now more usually) as animal fodder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > rye

ryeeOE

eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 48 Sicalia, rygi [eOE Corpus Gloss. ryge].

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. iv. 48 Wiþ sweorcoþe eft, riges s[c]eofoþa seoþ on geswettum wætere, swille þa ceolan mid þy.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 9 Ruls [sic] ys oure ruȝe & roted in þe stre.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 38 Yif vs a busshel whete, Malt or Reye.

a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 2 (MED) Þai sent þaire schippes on ilka side With flesch and wine and whete & rye.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 114 (MED) Thai drinken water, thai eyten apples, with brede right browne made of rye.

a1500 (a1470) Brut (BL Add. 10099) 507 (MED) Stephen Brown..brought to London certeyn shippes laden with Rye..for korne was so skarce.

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 14 For euerye last of wheat and rie, xxvi.s. viii.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. i. f. 95^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Wheate and rye will be no graine for poore men to feede on.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 26 The seed is not much vnlike to Rie, though much smaller.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 761 The Company gave order to make bread both of this Rey alone, and of the same Rey mingled in different proportions with good Rey.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 125 They sow it..in the driest time they can, according to the old Saying of Sowing, Rye in the Dust, and Wheat in the Dirt.

1764 J. Reid Let. 4 Sept. in H. Bouquet Papers (1943) Ser. 21650 2nd Pt. 118 There is a Stack of Spelts and Rye secured below the Shade within the Fort.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 149 The power..would grind one boll of good rye in one hour.

1863 H. W. Longfellow Poet's Tale xiv, in Tales Wayside Inn 196 A scant handful..of wheat, Or rye, or barley, or some other grain.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1399 The black bread of Germany and Sweden and Russia is made of rye, and rye biscuits have become popular in many countries.

2004 Delicious June 112/2 You'll have to steer clear of most types of bread, pasta, pastries and other ready-prepared foods with wheat and rye in their ingredients.

a. As a mass noun: an awned, wheat-like cereal grass, Secale cereale, tolerant of poor soils and low temperatures which is grown extensively in the cooler parts of Eurasia, now chiefly as a forage crop.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > rye > rye plants

ryea1325

Secale1584

wild-goose rye1884

a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Cambr.) (1929) 333 De segle [glossed] rie, orge ne forment Ke commune sunt a tote gent.

1417 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1904) 15 137 (MED) Dies Mercurii: ij plowes, ij harowes goyng all day, sewyng Ry.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 165 (MED) Thy whete, a wondir chaungyng, thryis sowe In lond to faat, wol turne into other corn, And rie of whete ysowen wul vp growe.

?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 5 (MED) Take cockel þat growyþ on ryȝe and grind hit, [etc.].

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 233 Lyk a stirk stackarand in the ry.

1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 107 [He] was ware also of John Leigh ronnynge further into the Ry, belike to hide hym-self.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 61 Thy rich Leas Of Wheate, Rye, Barley, Fetches, Oates and Pease.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 758 A strange sort of Rey, growing sometimes in certain parts of France.

1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 373 Both wheat and rye may be cut somewhat before they are thoroughly ripe.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xiii. 149 In Rie the exterior valve or chaff of the corol ends in a long beard or awn.

1854 G. Flagg Let. 15 July in Flagg Corr. (1986) 214 We have our Rye all cut and well shocked up.

1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 276 The spikelets in Rye..are arranged singly upon the rachis, as in Wheat.

1940 Times 3 Jan. 9/6 I am growing acres of rye, but then it is for fodder; yet what a neglect of pleasure it is to taste no delicious astringent rye-loaf.

1999 D. Cruise & A. Griffiths Working the Land i. 15 The harvesting season is so late farmers often can't get a cover crop of hay or rye on the field to stabilize the soil.

b. As a count noun (chiefly in plural): a crop of rye; (also) a particular cultivated strain of rye (frequently with distinguishing word).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > grain crop > specific grain crops

berimancorn1359

millet?a1425

rye1608

turnip-oatsc1800

turnip-wheat1808

rabi1827

sod corn1835

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum ix. 112 The wheates and ries were late sowen.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 150 Of unusual Plants now cultivated in the Fields, to pass by the ordinary..black and white Ryes, the common Barley, Peas, Beans, and Oats, there are several worthy notice.

1764 P. Miller tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Elements Agric. II. xii. i, 315 The ryes and wheats were killed by the frosts.

1795 Scots Mag. 57 273/1 The Ryes are in general healthy and vigorous.

1812 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1810 3 21 The early sown ryes and winter tares are a strong crop.

1869 Country Gentleman's Mag. July 28/2 He put rye and clover together, and sowed them the same as green or white ryes.

1905 Agric. Gaz. New S. Wales 3 July 716 July.—sow Oats, Ryes, Peas, Black Tares, Onions.

1948 Bot. Rev. 14 390 With spring and winter ryes, seedings in Minnesota in late April and late September, respectively, were most favorable to smut.

2009 N. Kingsbury Hybrid v. 110 One particular rye, ‘Schlanstedt’, was produced this way by a German breeder..and was a great commercial success.

3. = rye bread n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > rye-bread

rye breadc1440

pumpernickel1738

rye1803

1803 S. J. Pratt John & Dame i. 13 For sweeter far the coarsest cake, Of barley-bread, or darker rye, Than whitest wheat-flower guilt can bake.

1876 J. B. Warren Soldier of Fortune iii. i. 202 Sup on a loaf of rye and goat's-milk cheese.

1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 11/1 Work the jam, cheese and butter to a smooth paste with a silver fork. Add the cherries and spread between unbuttered rounds of bread, one white and the other rye.

1969 L. Hellman in Atlantic Apr. 118 Run down to the corner and get me a ham and cheese on rye and tell them to hold the mayo.

1976 H. MacInnes Agent in Place v. 48 A ham on rye with a gallon of coffee.

2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxi. 305 Why is that any worse than her having married..Warholic with a..nose longer than a loaf of Jewish rye?

a. = rye whisky n. at Compounds 1a. U.S. and Canadian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > other whiskies

peat-reek1792

Monongahela1805

rye?1808

corn1820

small-still (whisky)1822

bald-face1840

corn-whiskey1843

raw1844

Bourbon1846

sod corn1857

valley tan1860

straight1862

forty-rod whisky1863

rock and rye1878

sour-mash1885

grain-whisky1887

forty rod lightning1889

Suntory1942

Wild Turkey1949

mash1961

pot still1994

?1808 ‘J. Jingle’ Remarks 22 Jan. No. 15 Their good old rye is more delectable to the palate, than the choicest Burgundy, Champaign or the richest Nectar.

1835 J. H. Ingraham South-West II. xxix. 56 The painful effects of ‘old rye’ in the abstract upon the body.

1860 Grumbler (Toronto) 19 May 3/3 And, tho' the crowd may smile at me, I'll take some neat ‘old rye’.

1873 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose xvii. 248 But for the quantity of rye we had all of us been swallowing, the others must have seen through this impudent operation as I had done.

1913 J. London Valley of Moon 392 Some drink rain and some champagne..; But I will try a little rye.

1945 P. Cheyney I'll say she Does! iii. 66 I..finish off my rye an' pour myself another four fingers.

1974 ‘E. McGirr’ Murderous Journey 31 He slopped along..towards the living-room bar. I took a straight rye.

2000 S. Heighton Shadow Boxer i. i. 20 He must thrash and crawl and finally founder in the brook-clear waters of vodka and gin,..or in brandies and ryes the colour of ocean made molten by a drowning sun.

b. In the names of drinks with other ingredients, as rye and dry (dry n. 2c), rye and ginger, rye and soda, rye on the rocks, etc.

ΚΠ

1909 G. Ade Let. 24 Mar. (1973) 45 I have just had a rye & soda.

1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 127 Say? What's mine? A Rye and dry.

1963 R. I. McDavid & D. W. Maurer Mencken's Amer. Lang. (new ed.) 168 Canadian topers have an array of combinations..as rye and orange (Canadian whiskey and orange pop).

1975 Maclean's May 58/3 For the moment he has to content himself with..a well-stocked bar from which he is just pouring himself his second rye and coke.

1999 A. Pyper Lost Girls xviii. 171 The alternative relief of rye-and-gingers and barstool companionship in one of the local taverns has been ruled out.

2009 R. Fox Shooting Star i. 3 Hottie's cure for the scared money syndrome was a quick trip to the bar for a rye on the rocks.

Compounds

C1.

a. In the sense ‘made, prepared, or derived from rye’.

rye beer n. [in quots. 1799, 1861 after Russian kvas kvass n.]

ΚΠ

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. 348 In most parts only a sad rye-beer is made, which almost every family brews at home.

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 699 Quass or Rye Beer is a favourite drink in Russia.

1991 Independent (Nexis) 6 Apr. 34 The tirelessly adventurous Tesco also has a rare rye beer, from Bavaria.

2006 P. Ruschmann & M. Nasiatka Michigan Breweries 19 His Summer Sunsation was a rye beer brewed with honey malt.

rye cake n. [attested earlier as a surname: Aloc Ruycake (1285)]

ΚΠ

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 39 (MED) Haue he barly bred or a ryȝe kake he wol not a bide to þou seende for symnelle to þe bakers houȝs.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Thai hed na breyd bot ry caikis.

1816 J. T. James Jrnl. Tour 3 Rye cakes, milk and fruit, were the only provisions to be had on the way.

1833 C. B. Elliott Lett. from North of Europe 131 The common food of the peasantry is milk, cheese, butter, and oat or rye cakes, about the size of pancakes but a little thicker.

?1919 C. Garnett tr. A. P. Chekhov Bishop 201 Unwrapping some sort of green rag there, she took out a big rye cake made in the shape of a heart.

2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 May 19 Anisya brings in a tray of foods—home-made wine, rye-cakes made with buttermilk, oozing honeycombs, apples and nuts.

rye loaf n.

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c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 192 Þe aungelys seyden to him, ‘Perys, make þis rye-loof heuyere in almes-dede, ellys þe feendys schal haue þis soule.’

a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor iv. iv. 60 in Five New Playes (1659) He keeps this Rie-loaf for his own white tooth.

1736 Compl. Family-piece i. 5 Take a Rye Loaf, without Salt or Leaven; cut it into thin Slices, and distil in a cold Still.

1810 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 4) V. iv. 390 The rye loaf is by no means so well raised as the wheat loaf.

1897 E. L. Voynich Gadfly ii. xi. 228 Cutting off a chunk from the rye-loaf on the table.

1943 E. M. Almedingen Frossia vii. 266 A hut odorous of freshly baked rye loaves, singed chicken feathers, and cranberry jelly.

2002 Baker's Catal. Jan. 9/2 A non-stick, steel-and-aluminium..2-pound capacity loaf pan with gently sloping sides, is designed to cradle your rye loaf as it rises and bakes.

rye mush n.

ΚΠ

1793 H. Wilkins Family Adviser vii. 20 The patient should have the lightest and most nourishing food..rye mush, corn mush, with the common vegetables of the grain kind, are mostly proper.

1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 41 In some parts of the West, another mush is frequently used, but as it is made of rye after the manner of a Hasty Pudding, it is called Rye Mush.

1903 New North (Rhinelander, Wisconsin) 19 Nov. 6/2 His mouth was made up for turkey, and rye mush didn't look at all like the vision of crispness he had in mind.

2006 E. M. Johnson Lars & Anna (2007) ix. 32 Get the rye mush.

rye paste n.

ΚΠ

1587 T. Dawson Good Huswifes Iewell (new ed.) sig. C5 First pouder the tongue three or foure dayes, and then..season it with a litle Pepper and Salt, then bake it on Rie paste.

1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. ii. 74 Rye-paste would be kneaded only with hot water, and a little butter.

1736 Compl. Family-piece 136 Take a Flank of Beef..put it in a Pan with a few Bay Leaves, and 4 Pounds of Butter, and cover the Pot with Rye-paste.

1869 C. E. Beecher & H. B. Stowe Amer. Woman's Home xxx. 371 Have it stretched, and nailed to the south side of the barn, and, with a brush, cover it with a coat of thin rye paste.

1991 J. Stead in C. A. Wilson Waste not, want Not iv. 87 Huge pie crusts of hard rye paste had been used for baking very large joints.

rye whisky n.

ΚΠ

1785 in J. G. M. Ramsey Ann. Tennessee (1853) 297 Good distilled rye whiskey, at two shillings and six pence per gallon.

1853 R. Allsop Calif. & its Gold Mines xii. 74 The poor miner..having thus indulged in his great festivity—i.e. having drank every day a bottle or two of rye whiskey, sundry cocktails, wine and bottled beer—finds himself without money or credit.

1897 C. M. Flandrau Harvard Episodes 328 I think I should like a little, a very little, rye whiskey and water.

1940 Crisis June 167/1 He tosses down rye whiskey freely and with gusto.

2007 P. Luntz Whiskey & Spirits for Dummies ii. vii. 121 To get the full range of American flavors, you should taste American blended whiskeys as well as rye whiskeys and, of course, Bourbon and Tennessee whiskeys.

b. Miscellaneous.

rye bloom n.

ΚΠ

1864 Commerc. Rep. from Her Majesty's Consuls (G.B. Foreign Office) 313 Drought set in about June, and a heavy frost in the first days of that month seriously affected the rye bloom.

1870 K. H. Digby Halcyon Hours 201 There the spot where first you spoke, And a faithful love awoke; There the trysting-place so long, Just as in the rye-bloom song.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 255 The bag of Goulding, Colles, Ward led Bloom by ryebloom flowered tables.

1988 J. Hubbs Mother Russia iv. 121 She railed against those who..removed the spurs from the rye blooms, or sold Matushka (Mother) Rye for exorbitant prices.

rye crop n.

ΚΠ

1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Aug. 69 Twitchy grazy Earth will be turned up, to the Destruction of the Wheat or Rye Crop.

1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 223 We depend much on our rye-crops, which are very valuable.

1885 Science 24 July 74/1 The summer rye-crops are generally sown and fit for cutting about the same time as barley.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1083 The ergot damages the rye crop and it is dangerous to man as well, for it contains a poisonous alkaloid, ergotin.

2001 Southwest Booster (Sask.) (Nexis) 14 July b4 The weather will be making or breaking the rye crop.

rye ear n.

ΚΠ

c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1903) Oct. 202 (MED) [Gules a bend silver with three] rye erys of sabyll [thereon]. John Rye.

1855 Househ. Words 11 129/1 Ophthalmoxystic as a name for a little rye-ear brush used to smooth the eyebrows.

1902 Amer. Anthropologist 4 578 The simple fisherman..has never in his life seen a single rye-ear or fruit-tree.

2001 BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union (Nexis) 28 June I ate only rye ears, mulberries and drank water from puddles.

rye field n. [attested earlier as a surname: Waltero Ryfeld (1332)]

ΚΠ

1658 Lancaster Rec. 60 [The way is] staked up to goodman Prescotts Ry feild.

1698 W. Dampier in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 49 He utterly refused what grew in our Rye-Field Grounds.

1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 373 It certainly is extremely wrong ever to turn cattle of any kind into a rye-field, to feed there.

c1841 H. W. Longfellow Frithiof's Saga in Poems (1855) 223 Man-high was waving the rye-field.

1914 E. von Arnim Pastor's Wife xii. 137 The road, made with as few curves as possible, undulated gently up and down between rye-fields.

2006 Portage (Manitoba) Daily Graphic (Nexis) 3 June 1 After an exhaustive, 27-hour search, the two year old was discovered unharmed, sleeping on her jacket in a rye field.

rye grain n.

ΚΠ

a1699 T. Nourse Campania Fœlix (1700) 50 Rye Grain is a spiry benty sort of Grass.

1788 Fleets Pocket Almanack 129 Rye grain, 4s. and 6d. per bushel.

1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem.: 3rd Suppl.: Pt. II 1768 A. Muntz..has found in unripe rye-grain a peculiar substance called synanthrose.

1937 Life 27 Sept. 77/1 (advt.) Not least of the refreshment proffered to gentlemen gathered there was the suave whiskey made from rye grain grown on the place.

2006 L. G. Nicholas & K. Ogamé Psilocybin Mushroom Handbk. i. 3 Spores were germinated on a sterile agar medium and the resulting mycelium was transferred onto sterilized rye grain in quart canning jars.

rye ground n.

ΚΠ

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xi^v To set out y^e shepfolde..vpon the rye grounde yf y^u haue any.

?1735 Pract. Husbandman & Planter II. 151 As Barley may be sown any Time towards..the latter End of May, your green Rye Ground may be sown with it, or let lie fallow.

1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 348 I own the rye-ground more advantageous to the farmer.

1887 H. Stewart Culture Farm Crops vi. xlv. 287 After the rye is used up, the clover is ready and the rye ground is plowed and sown with early sweet corn.

1967 E. Kerridge Agric. Revol. ii. 79 John Norden indicated on his maps those parts of the heaths..newly enclosed for corn, as well as those that were reasonably good rye ground.

rye grower n.

ΚΠ

1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 350 Any balance..would fall considerably on the side of the rye-growers.

1884 Iowa State Reporter 17 July 1/5 Immediately after the storm had subsided and the rye-growers had found their newly garnered grain clinging to the mother earth, another ‘blow’ also followed.

1931 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 39 214 The fortunes of the rye-growers in Germany and Poland are closely related.

2009 H. H. Geiger & T. Miedaner in M. J. Carena Cereals i. 163 Grain yield is by far the most important trait for rye growers.

rye harvest n.

ΚΠ

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 41 Rye and Wheate haruest.

1655 S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 257 The second time of sowing is after Rie-Harvest.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 259 After rye harvest, the land may be sown a second time with spelt.

1842 Farmer's Mag. June 449/1 A failure of the rye-harvest..is the crowning calamity.

1919 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 1 131 Occasionally..cowpeas are seeded after rye harvest and plowed under in the fall.

2009 J. Silvertown Orchard Invisible vi. 63 His death in September 1658 coincided with an epidemic of convulsive symptoms in England and occurred at a time of year when the rye harvest would have begun to enter the food supply.

rye hay n.

ΚΠ

1799 J. B. Bordley Ess. & Notes Husbandry 8 I have not indeed ever seen rye-hay; but have heard farmers say, it is good in quality and the crop great.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 312 The whole to be laid off in rye hay, (not rye grass hay, but hay made from rye cut green).

1907 T. Shaw Feeding Farm Animals xi. 206 Rye hay is less relished by sheep than by other live stock.

2004 P. Macinnis Poisons (2005) xi. 220 Rye hay and grain were brought in to feed the army and its horses, but in August, the ergot in the grain struck.

ryehigh adj. rare

ΚΠ

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 274 O'er ryehigh blue. Bloom stood up.

rye seed n.

ΚΠ

1622 G. Markham Verus Pater sig. B5^v In October make an end of your Wheate and Rye seede.

1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Aug. 30 I have known several lose their Seed, their Labour, and their Time in this Affair, by..sowing and harrowing in three Bushels of Rye Seed on one Acre.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 878 The grey-coloured substance..was separated into..gluten, starch, and the coats of the rye-seeds.

1940 Jrnl. Mammalogy 21 395 In a very short time the kangaroo rats had stripped all the plots of the rye seed.

2007 S. B. Hamdani How to Build Putting Green viii. 74 The greatest benefit is that the roots [of a dwarf fescue] grow more deeply and, therefore the grass can sustain mowing more easily than a fresh rye seed recently planted.

† rye-seed-time n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Semailles de seigles, rye-seed-time.

1758 Whitehall Evening-post 10–12 Oct. They have as fine Wheat-and Rye Seed Time as ever was known.

rye sheaf n.

ΚΠ

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell 188 Some giue a Rie-sheafe.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry 153 Taking a Rye-sheafe..and binding the eares together in one lumpe, put it ouer the Hiue, and so as it were thach it all ouer.

1886 T. Dykes All Round Sport (1887) 124 I recollect the actual shooting of a young curlew perched on a rye sheaf.

1913 Harper's Mag. Mar. 530/1 I have a few such subjects to thresh out, and I thresh them here, turning them over as many times as we used to turn over the oat and rye sheaves..on this same barn floor.

2007 D. Gapanowicz Mayor's Daughter iv. 34 It was used for transporting hay, potatoes, wheat, and rye sheaves from the fields to the warehouse at harvest time.

rye stalk n.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 56 He beareth Gules a Rye Stalk Bladed and Eared.

1812 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. 127 He distinguished smaller mutations than it was capable of shewing by means of another hygrometer made of a twisted rye-stalk.

1859 A. Cary Pictures Country Life 127 She leaped fences and divided hedges and underbrush as lightly as the rye-stalks.

1911 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 453 According to Francé, a rye stalk has an average height of 1500 millimeters and a diameter of 3 mm. at the base.

2006 G. Slade Made to Break i. 24 Paper manufacturers developed toilet paper, paper cups, paper towels, and paper straws (rendering rye stalks obsolete).

rye stubble n.

ΚΠ

1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xvi. 104 Lay downe all Lands of this nature on..Rye Stuble, which will exceedingly thicken and Improve the Soarding.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 135 'Tis good to plow the Wheat or Rye-stubble up in November.

1850 D. G. Mitchell Lorgnette II. 204 Occasional strolls over the rye-stubble, in the hope of scaring up a dove or two for my dinner,..have sadly hurt my character with many of the traveling families.

1925 A. Abdullah Swinging Caravan (1969) 78 A Moslim Tartar looking on contemptuously, clad in loose, pigeon-blue trousers and deep-velvet coat, gleaming like a statue against the lacquered gold of the rye stubble.

2002 R. A. Byers in G. M. Barker Molluscs as Crop Pests xv. 329 Methiocarb treatment..increased survival of seedlings when lucerne was seeded during late summer into rye stubble.

C2.

rye and Indian bread n. (also rye and Indian, rye and Injun bread, rye and Injun) U.S. bread made from a mixture of rye and (Indian) cornmeal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > mixed-grain bread

maslin bread1539

mongcorn breadc1600

maslin1631

rye and Indian bread1803

1803 Boston Weekly Mag. 3 Sept. 183/2 Steep one ounce of Cinamon in a quart of water, add thereto the crusts of Rye and Indian Bread, mix the liquor with an equal quantity of sweet Wine, and let the patient drink freely of it.

1840 Knickerbocker 16 18 There were eggs and fried ham,..rye-and-Indian bread.

1856 G. Davis Hist. Sketch Stockbridge & Southbridge, Mass. 179 Skilled in..making rye and Indian bread.

1887 A. W. Tourgée Button's Inn 224 She passed around a hot plateful of toasted slices of ‘rye and Indian’.

1897 Pocumtuc Housewife 6 Johnny cake or hoe cakes are a good change from Rye and indian bread.

1932 L. I. Wilder Little House in Big Woods iv. 45 She baked salt-rising bread and rye 'n' Injun bread and Swedish crackers.

1993 L. Colwin More Home Cooking xxv. 125 He ate..white bread and rye 'n' Injun bread and sweet pickles and jam and preserves.

rye-asthma n. [after German Roggenasthma (1854 or earlier)] Medicine (now rare) = hay fever n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered sensation > [noun] > allergy > hay fever

summer fever1659

rose fever1782

hay-asthma1827

summer catarrh1828

hay fever1829

rose cold1831

rye-asthma1875

pollen fever1887

pollinosis1915

1875 tr. W. Zuelzer in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 540 In England it is called Hay Fever or Hay Asthma. It is also called June Cold, Rye Asthma, etc.

1891 W. Fox & S. Coupland Treat. Dis. Lungs & Pleura 84 Hay fever has become a popular term in England, but it has also been known as ‘rose-fever’..and ‘rye-asthma’, from the association of asthmatic attacks with the time of the flowering of rye.

1902 J. W. Moore tr. H. Immermann et al. Variola 625 The exact nosologic limits and elements of a ‘Typischer Früh-sommer-katarrh’, so-called hay-fever, Heuschnupfens, rye-asthma.

rye brome n. (more fully rye brome grass) a variety of brome, Bromus secalinus, with rye-like seeds, occurring as a weed in wheat-fields.In early use also with distinguishing word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > grasses perceived as weeds > [noun] > brome-grass

field bromegrass1762

rye brome1798

1798 Trans. Linn. Soc. 4 283 Downy Rye Brome-grass.

1803 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XVII. 1171 Smooth Rye Brome-grass..has been observed in cornfields in various parts of Britain.

1867 Harwicke's Sci.-Gossip 1 Apr. 87/1 The pretty rye brome-grass (Bromus secalinus) and the Darnel (Lolium temulentum) are both very common in some parts of Cheshire.

1954 C. E. Hubbard Grasses 67 ‘Rye Brome’ was no doubt introduced into the British Isles long ago with the seeds of cereals.

1999 C. Haselgrove in I. Ralston & J. Hunter Archaeol. Brit. vii. 116 Wild plants such as chess, or rye-brome, were also exploited.

rye coffee n. U.S. a drink resembling coffee, made from roasted rye or rye bread.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > coffee > [noun] > coffee substitutes

rye coffee1766

pea coffee1805

dandelion coffee1852

chicory1853

Postum1895

1766 Scots Mag. 28 694 (heading) Rye-coffee.

1769 Boston Gaz. 16 Oct. 1/3 And as true Daughters of Liberty, they made their Breakfast upon Rye Coffee, and their Dinner was partly made of that sort of Venison called Bear.

1877 H. Ruede Jrnl. 13 June in Sod-house Days (1937) 99 Most people out here don't drink real coffee, because it is too expensive... So rye coffee is used a great deal—parched brown or black according to whether the users like a strong or mild drink.

1951 L. Craig Singing Hills iv. 31 Every one had coffee... When I tasted mine I thought, for a moment, that poison had been put in it; it certainly was not like anything I had ever tasted before, for never before had I drunk rye coffee.

2000 J. Humphreys Nowhere Else on Earth (2001) ix. 237 Nelly eased me out of the parlor and sent me into the dining room with more rye coffee, and I poured their cups around the table one by one.

† rye-crake n. Scottish Obsolete the corncrake, Crex crex.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > crex crex (corn-crake)

raila1450

quail?a1500

corncrakea1525

daker-hen1552

craker1698

corn-craker1703

landrail1766

crake1793

rye-crake1807

grass-drake1826

corn-rail1830

meadow crake1833

meadow gallinule1843

1807 R. Tannahill Soldier's Return 154 The rye-craik rispt his clamrous throat.

rye moth n. now rare any of several small moths whose larvae feed on various parts of rye and other grasses.

ΚΠ

1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 779/2 The caterpillars..of the rye-moth (Pyralis Secalis) live within the spathe.

1889 U.S. Consular Rep. No. 106 289 The rye-moth (Ochsenheimeria taurella) was seen in the provinces of Toula, Riazan and Kazan.

1943 Entomologist 76 252 In order of decreasing preference, the grains attacked by the Rye Moth are rye, wheat, barley, oats and maize.

rye waltz n. [so called on account of the tune to which the dance was performed, ‘Coming Through the Rye’] North American a dance combining three-four and two-four time.

ΚΠ

1879 Globe (Atchison, Kansas) 18 Feb. We hope the church dance this week will not tolerate the Rye waltz.

1941 W. C. Handy Father of Blues ii. 16 The waltz was popular, as was also the rye waltz, a combination of three-four and two-four tempos.

2007 M. B. Deliman They wore no Medals ix. 79 They learned the basic waltz and two-step, plus the rumba, the New Yorker (same as jitterbug) and even the old-fashioned rye waltz.

rye-worm n. now rare the larva of the widespread gout fly, Chlorops pumilionis (family Chloropidae), which causes damage to the growing plants and young ears of various cereals and grasses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Chloropidae > member of family Oscinis (fruit-fly) > larva of oscinis pumilionis

rye-worm1856

1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 779/2 The rye-worms..are the larvæ of little flies called Oscinis pumilionis.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Oct. 5/2 The appearance of the rye-worm is notified over several hundreds of acres.

1976 B. Oinas & F. J. Oinas tr. G. Ränk Old Estonia vi. 122 Beginning with the Worm—St. Mary's Day..in September, the rye-worms were said to disappear.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rye
释义	ryen.¹ Brit. /rʌɪ/, U.S. /raɪ/ Forms: early Old English ryg, early Old English rygi, Old English rige, Old English ryge, Middle English reye, Middle English reyghe, Middle English reyhe, Middle English riȝe, Middle English ruȝe, Middle English ruye, Middle English ryȝe, Middle English–1600s ry, Middle English–1700s rie, Middle English– rye, 1500s–1600s rey, 1600s rhie, 1600s rice (plural); Scottish pre-1700 raij, pre-1700 ray, pre-1700 rey, pre-1700 rie, pre-1700 ry, pre-1700 1700s– rye. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rugr (Icelandic rúgur), Faroese rugur, Norwegian rug, (regional) ruug, Old Swedish rugh, rogh, rygh (Swedish råg), Old Danish rugh, roug (Danish rug), and also (with different stem formation) Old Frisian rogga (West Frisian rogge), Middle Dutch rogge, rogghe, rugge (Dutch rogge), Old Saxon roggo, rokko (Middle Low German rogge), Old High German roggo, rocco, rocko (Middle High German rogge, rocke, German Roggen, †Rocken), further cognate with and perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Lithuanian (plural, denoting the grain of rye collectively) rugiai, Latvian (plural) rudzi, Old Russian r″ž′ (Russian rož′); further etymology uncertain: perhaps a loan < an unidentified non-Indo-European language.The English and Scandinavian nouns are i-stems; the continental West Germanic nouns are n-stems with regular gemination of g before n. The long vowel of modern Icelandic rúgur and Norwegian regional ruug is of later origin. A Thracian word recorded in Hellenistic Greek as βρίζα rye (2nd cent. a.d. in Galen) has sometimes been taken as cognate, but this view is not generally accepted and presents both phonological and semantic difficulties. The Germanic word was probably borrowed into Finno-Ugric languages at an early date; compare e.g. Estonian rukis, Finnish ruis (inflectional stem rukii-), Vepsian rugiž, although the nature of the relationship with these words cannot be confirmed with precision. The suggestion that the word is < the same Indo-European base as Shughni rōγ̌j ear of corn is unlikely on formal grounds. Also attested early in place names, as Rygedun, Norfolk (a1038; now Roydon), Ruitone, Shropshire (1086; now Ryton), Riesce, Kent (1086; now Ryarsh), Rihella, West Riding, Yorkshire (1086; now Ryhill), Rihul, Northumberland (1176; now Great Ryle), etc. 1. A foodgrain obtained from the plant Secale cereale (see sense 2a), extensively used (esp. in northern Europe) for making coarse bread, beer, spirits, etc., and (now more usually) as animal fodder. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > rye ryeeOE eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 48 Sicalia, rygi [eOE Corpus Gloss. ryge]. eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. iv. 48 Wiþ sweorcoþe eft, riges s[c]eofoþa seoþ on geswettum wætere, swille þa ceolan mid þy. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 9 Ruls [sic] ys oure ruȝe & roted in þe stre. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 38 Yif vs a busshel whete, Malt or Reye. a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 2 (MED) Þai sent þaire schippes on ilka side With flesch and wine and whete & rye. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 114 (MED) Thai drinken water, thai eyten apples, with brede right browne made of rye. a1500 (a1470) Brut (BL Add. 10099) 507 (MED) Stephen Brown..brought to London certeyn shippes laden with Rye..for korne was so skarce. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 14 For euerye last of wheat and rie, xxvi.s. viii. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. i. f. 95^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Wheate and rye will be no graine for poore men to feede on. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 26 The seed is not much vnlike to Rie, though much smaller. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 761 The Company gave order to make bread both of this Rey alone, and of the same Rey mingled in different proportions with good Rey. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 125 They sow it..in the driest time they can, according to the old Saying of Sowing, Rye in the Dust, and Wheat in the Dirt. 1764 J. Reid Let. 4 Sept. in H. Bouquet Papers (1943) Ser. 21650 2nd Pt. 118 There is a Stack of Spelts and Rye secured below the Shade within the Fort. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 149 The power..would grind one boll of good rye in one hour. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Poet's Tale xiv, in Tales Wayside Inn 196 A scant handful..of wheat, Or rye, or barley, or some other grain. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1399 The black bread of Germany and Sweden and Russia is made of rye, and rye biscuits have become popular in many countries. 2004 Delicious June 112/2 You'll have to steer clear of most types of bread, pasta, pastries and other ready-prepared foods with wheat and rye in their ingredients. 2. a. As a mass noun: an awned, wheat-like cereal grass, Secale cereale, tolerant of poor soils and low temperatures which is grown extensively in the cooler parts of Eurasia, now chiefly as a forage crop. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > rye > rye plants ryea1325 Secale1584 wild-goose rye1884 a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Cambr.) (1929) 333 De segle [glossed] rie, orge ne forment Ke commune sunt a tote gent. 1417 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1904) 15 137 (MED) Dies Mercurii: ij plowes, ij harowes goyng all day, sewyng Ry. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 165 (MED) Thy whete, a wondir chaungyng, thryis sowe In lond to faat, wol turne into other corn, And rie of whete ysowen wul vp growe. ?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 5 (MED) Take cockel þat growyþ on ryȝe and grind hit, [etc.]. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 233 Lyk a stirk stackarand in the ry. 1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 107 [He] was ware also of John Leigh ronnynge further into the Ry, belike to hide hym-self. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 61 Thy rich Leas Of Wheate, Rye, Barley, Fetches, Oates and Pease. View more context for this quotation 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 758 A strange sort of Rey, growing sometimes in certain parts of France. 1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 373 Both wheat and rye may be cut somewhat before they are thoroughly ripe. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xiii. 149 In Rie the exterior valve or chaff of the corol ends in a long beard or awn. 1854 G. Flagg Let. 15 July in Flagg Corr. (1986) 214 We have our Rye all cut and well shocked up. 1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 276 The spikelets in Rye..are arranged singly upon the rachis, as in Wheat. 1940 Times 3 Jan. 9/6 I am growing acres of rye, but then it is for fodder; yet what a neglect of pleasure it is to taste no delicious astringent rye-loaf. 1999 D. Cruise & A. Griffiths Working the Land i. 15 The harvesting season is so late farmers often can't get a cover crop of hay or rye on the field to stabilize the soil. b. As a count noun (chiefly in plural): a crop of rye; (also) a particular cultivated strain of rye (frequently with distinguishing word). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > grain crop > specific grain crops berimancorn1359 millet?a1425 rye1608 turnip-oatsc1800 turnip-wheat1808 rabi1827 sod corn1835 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum ix. 112 The wheates and ries were late sowen. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 150 Of unusual Plants now cultivated in the Fields, to pass by the ordinary..black and white Ryes, the common Barley, Peas, Beans, and Oats, there are several worthy notice. 1764 P. Miller tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Elements Agric. II. xii. i, 315 The ryes and wheats were killed by the frosts. 1795 Scots Mag. 57 273/1 The Ryes are in general healthy and vigorous. 1812 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1810 3 21 The early sown ryes and winter tares are a strong crop. 1869 Country Gentleman's Mag. July 28/2 He put rye and clover together, and sowed them the same as green or white ryes. 1905 Agric. Gaz. New S. Wales 3 July 716 July.—sow Oats, Ryes, Peas, Black Tares, Onions. 1948 Bot. Rev. 14 390 With spring and winter ryes, seedings in Minnesota in late April and late September, respectively, were most favorable to smut. 2009 N. Kingsbury Hybrid v. 110 One particular rye, ‘Schlanstedt’, was produced this way by a German breeder..and was a great commercial success. 3. = rye bread n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > rye-bread rye breadc1440 pumpernickel1738 rye1803 1803 S. J. Pratt John & Dame i. 13 For sweeter far the coarsest cake, Of barley-bread, or darker rye, Than whitest wheat-flower guilt can bake. 1876 J. B. Warren Soldier of Fortune iii. i. 202 Sup on a loaf of rye and goat's-milk cheese. 1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 11/1 Work the jam, cheese and butter to a smooth paste with a silver fork. Add the cherries and spread between unbuttered rounds of bread, one white and the other rye. 1969 L. Hellman in Atlantic Apr. 118 Run down to the corner and get me a ham and cheese on rye and tell them to hold the mayo. 1976 H. MacInnes Agent in Place v. 48 A ham on rye with a gallon of coffee. 2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxi. 305 Why is that any worse than her having married..Warholic with a..nose longer than a loaf of Jewish rye? 4. a. = rye whisky n. at Compounds 1a. U.S. and Canadian. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > other whiskies peat-reek1792 Monongahela1805 rye?1808 corn1820 small-still (whisky)1822 bald-face1840 corn-whiskey1843 raw1844 Bourbon1846 sod corn1857 valley tan1860 straight1862 forty-rod whisky1863 rock and rye1878 sour-mash1885 grain-whisky1887 forty rod lightning1889 Suntory1942 Wild Turkey1949 mash1961 pot still1994 ?1808 ‘J. Jingle’ Remarks 22 Jan. No. 15 Their good old rye is more delectable to the palate, than the choicest Burgundy, Champaign or the richest Nectar. 1835 J. H. Ingraham South-West II. xxix. 56 The painful effects of ‘old rye’ in the abstract upon the body. 1860 Grumbler (Toronto) 19 May 3/3 And, tho' the crowd may smile at me, I'll take some neat ‘old rye’. 1873 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose xvii. 248 But for the quantity of rye we had all of us been swallowing, the others must have seen through this impudent operation as I had done. 1913 J. London Valley of Moon 392 Some drink rain and some champagne..; But I will try a little rye. 1945 P. Cheyney I'll say she Does! iii. 66 I..finish off my rye an' pour myself another four fingers. 1974 ‘E. McGirr’ Murderous Journey 31 He slopped along..towards the living-room bar. I took a straight rye. 2000 S. Heighton Shadow Boxer i. i. 20 He must thrash and crawl and finally founder in the brook-clear waters of vodka and gin,..or in brandies and ryes the colour of ocean made molten by a drowning sun. b. In the names of drinks with other ingredients, as rye and dry (dry n. 2c), rye and ginger, rye and soda, rye on the rocks, etc. ΚΠ 1909 G. Ade Let. 24 Mar. (1973) 45 I have just had a rye & soda. 1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 2 127 Say? What's mine? A Rye and dry. 1963 R. I. McDavid & D. W. Maurer Mencken's Amer. Lang. (new ed.) 168 Canadian topers have an array of combinations..as rye and orange (Canadian whiskey and orange pop). 1975 Maclean's May 58/3 For the moment he has to content himself with..a well-stocked bar from which he is just pouring himself his second rye and coke. 1999 A. Pyper Lost Girls xviii. 171 The alternative relief of rye-and-gingers and barstool companionship in one of the local taverns has been ruled out. 2009 R. Fox Shooting Star i. 3 Hottie's cure for the scared money syndrome was a quick trip to the bar for a rye on the rocks. Compounds C1. a. In the sense ‘made, prepared, or derived from rye’. rye beer n. [in quots. 1799, 1861 after Russian kvas kvass n.] ΚΠ 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. 348 In most parts only a sad rye-beer is made, which almost every family brews at home. 1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 699 Quass or Rye Beer is a favourite drink in Russia. 1991 Independent (Nexis) 6 Apr. 34 The tirelessly adventurous Tesco also has a rare rye beer, from Bavaria. 2006 P. Ruschmann & M. Nasiatka Michigan Breweries 19 His Summer Sunsation was a rye beer brewed with honey malt. rye cake n. [attested earlier as a surname: Aloc Ruycake (1285)] ΚΠ a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 39 (MED) Haue he barly bred or a ryȝe kake he wol not a bide to þou seende for symnelle to þe bakers houȝs. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 34 Thai hed na breyd bot ry caikis. 1816 J. T. James Jrnl. Tour 3 Rye cakes, milk and fruit, were the only provisions to be had on the way. 1833 C. B. Elliott Lett. from North of Europe 131 The common food of the peasantry is milk, cheese, butter, and oat or rye cakes, about the size of pancakes but a little thicker. ?1919 C. Garnett tr. A. P. Chekhov Bishop 201 Unwrapping some sort of green rag there, she took out a big rye cake made in the shape of a heart. 2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 May 19 Anisya brings in a tray of foods—home-made wine, rye-cakes made with buttermilk, oozing honeycombs, apples and nuts. rye loaf n. ΚΠ c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 192 Þe aungelys seyden to him, ‘Perys, make þis rye-loof heuyere in almes-dede, ellys þe feendys schal haue þis soule.’ a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor iv. iv. 60 in Five New Playes (1659) He keeps this Rie-loaf for his own white tooth. 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. 5 Take a Rye Loaf, without Salt or Leaven; cut it into thin Slices, and distil in a cold Still. 1810 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 4) V. iv. 390 The rye loaf is by no means so well raised as the wheat loaf. 1897 E. L. Voynich Gadfly ii. xi. 228 Cutting off a chunk from the rye-loaf on the table. 1943 E. M. Almedingen Frossia vii. 266 A hut odorous of freshly baked rye loaves, singed chicken feathers, and cranberry jelly. 2002 Baker's Catal. Jan. 9/2 A non-stick, steel-and-aluminium..2-pound capacity loaf pan with gently sloping sides, is designed to cradle your rye loaf as it rises and bakes. rye mush n. ΚΠ 1793 H. Wilkins Family Adviser vii. 20 The patient should have the lightest and most nourishing food..rye mush, corn mush, with the common vegetables of the grain kind, are mostly proper. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 41 In some parts of the West, another mush is frequently used, but as it is made of rye after the manner of a Hasty Pudding, it is called Rye Mush. 1903 New North (Rhinelander, Wisconsin) 19 Nov. 6/2 His mouth was made up for turkey, and rye mush didn't look at all like the vision of crispness he had in mind. 2006 E. M. Johnson Lars & Anna (2007) ix. 32 Get the rye mush. rye paste n. ΚΠ 1587 T. Dawson Good Huswifes Iewell (new ed.) sig. C5 First pouder the tongue three or foure dayes, and then..season it with a litle Pepper and Salt, then bake it on Rie paste. 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. ii. 74 Rye-paste would be kneaded only with hot water, and a little butter. 1736 Compl. Family-piece 136 Take a Flank of Beef..put it in a Pan with a few Bay Leaves, and 4 Pounds of Butter, and cover the Pot with Rye-paste. 1869 C. E. Beecher & H. B. Stowe Amer. Woman's Home xxx. 371 Have it stretched, and nailed to the south side of the barn, and, with a brush, cover it with a coat of thin rye paste. 1991 J. Stead in C. A. Wilson Waste not, want Not iv. 87 Huge pie crusts of hard rye paste had been used for baking very large joints. rye whisky n. ΚΠ 1785 in J. G. M. Ramsey Ann. Tennessee (1853) 297 Good distilled rye whiskey, at two shillings and six pence per gallon. 1853 R. Allsop Calif. & its Gold Mines xii. 74 The poor miner..having thus indulged in his great festivity—i.e. having drank every day a bottle or two of rye whiskey, sundry cocktails, wine and bottled beer—finds himself without money or credit. 1897 C. M. Flandrau Harvard Episodes 328 I think I should like a little, a very little, rye whiskey and water. 1940 Crisis June 167/1 He tosses down rye whiskey freely and with gusto. 2007 P. Luntz Whiskey & Spirits for Dummies ii. vii. 121 To get the full range of American flavors, you should taste American blended whiskeys as well as rye whiskeys and, of course, Bourbon and Tennessee whiskeys. b. Miscellaneous. rye bloom n. ΚΠ 1864 Commerc. Rep. from Her Majesty's Consuls (G.B. Foreign Office) 313 Drought set in about June, and a heavy frost in the first days of that month seriously affected the rye bloom. 1870 K. H. Digby Halcyon Hours 201 There the spot where first you spoke, And a faithful love awoke; There the trysting-place so long, Just as in the rye-bloom song. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 255 The bag of Goulding, Colles, Ward led Bloom by ryebloom flowered tables. 1988 J. Hubbs Mother Russia iv. 121 She railed against those who..removed the spurs from the rye blooms, or sold Matushka (Mother) Rye for exorbitant prices. rye crop n. ΚΠ 1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Aug. 69 Twitchy grazy Earth will be turned up, to the Destruction of the Wheat or Rye Crop. 1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 223 We depend much on our rye-crops, which are very valuable. 1885 Science 24 July 74/1 The summer rye-crops are generally sown and fit for cutting about the same time as barley. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1083 The ergot damages the rye crop and it is dangerous to man as well, for it contains a poisonous alkaloid, ergotin. 2001 Southwest Booster (Sask.) (Nexis) 14 July b4 The weather will be making or breaking the rye crop. rye ear n. ΚΠ c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1903) Oct. 202 (MED) [Gules a bend silver with three] rye erys of sabyll [thereon]. John Rye. 1855 Househ. Words 11 129/1 Ophthalmoxystic as a name for a little rye-ear brush used to smooth the eyebrows. 1902 Amer. Anthropologist 4 578 The simple fisherman..has never in his life seen a single rye-ear or fruit-tree. 2001 BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union (Nexis) 28 June I ate only rye ears, mulberries and drank water from puddles. rye field n. [attested earlier as a surname: Waltero Ryfeld (1332)] ΚΠ 1658 Lancaster Rec. 60 [The way is] staked up to goodman Prescotts Ry feild. 1698 W. Dampier in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 49 He utterly refused what grew in our Rye-Field Grounds. 1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 373 It certainly is extremely wrong ever to turn cattle of any kind into a rye-field, to feed there. c1841 H. W. Longfellow Frithiof's Saga in Poems (1855) 223 Man-high was waving the rye-field. 1914 E. von Arnim Pastor's Wife xii. 137 The road, made with as few curves as possible, undulated gently up and down between rye-fields. 2006 Portage (Manitoba) Daily Graphic (Nexis) 3 June 1 After an exhaustive, 27-hour search, the two year old was discovered unharmed, sleeping on her jacket in a rye field. rye grain n. ΚΠ a1699 T. Nourse Campania Fœlix (1700) 50 Rye Grain is a spiry benty sort of Grass. 1788 Fleets Pocket Almanack 129 Rye grain, 4s. and 6d. per bushel. 1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem.: 3rd Suppl.: Pt. II 1768 A. Muntz..has found in unripe rye-grain a peculiar substance called synanthrose. 1937 Life 27 Sept. 77/1 (advt.) Not least of the refreshment proffered to gentlemen gathered there was the suave whiskey made from rye grain grown on the place. 2006 L. G. Nicholas & K. Ogamé Psilocybin Mushroom Handbk. i. 3 Spores were germinated on a sterile agar medium and the resulting mycelium was transferred onto sterilized rye grain in quart canning jars. rye ground n. ΚΠ ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xi^v To set out y^e shepfolde..vpon the rye grounde yf y^u haue any. ?1735 Pract. Husbandman & Planter II. 151 As Barley may be sown any Time towards..the latter End of May, your green Rye Ground may be sown with it, or let lie fallow. 1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 348 I own the rye-ground more advantageous to the farmer. 1887 H. Stewart Culture Farm Crops vi. xlv. 287 After the rye is used up, the clover is ready and the rye ground is plowed and sown with early sweet corn. 1967 E. Kerridge Agric. Revol. ii. 79 John Norden indicated on his maps those parts of the heaths..newly enclosed for corn, as well as those that were reasonably good rye ground. rye grower n. ΚΠ 1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 350 Any balance..would fall considerably on the side of the rye-growers. 1884 Iowa State Reporter 17 July 1/5 Immediately after the storm had subsided and the rye-growers had found their newly garnered grain clinging to the mother earth, another ‘blow’ also followed. 1931 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 39 214 The fortunes of the rye-growers in Germany and Poland are closely related. 2009 H. H. Geiger & T. Miedaner in M. J. Carena Cereals i. 163 Grain yield is by far the most important trait for rye growers. rye harvest n. ΚΠ 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 41 Rye and Wheate haruest. 1655 S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 257 The second time of sowing is after Rie-Harvest. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 259 After rye harvest, the land may be sown a second time with spelt. 1842 Farmer's Mag. June 449/1 A failure of the rye-harvest..is the crowning calamity. 1919 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 1 131 Occasionally..cowpeas are seeded after rye harvest and plowed under in the fall. 2009 J. Silvertown Orchard Invisible vi. 63 His death in September 1658 coincided with an epidemic of convulsive symptoms in England and occurred at a time of year when the rye harvest would have begun to enter the food supply. rye hay n. ΚΠ 1799 J. B. Bordley Ess. & Notes Husbandry 8 I have not indeed ever seen rye-hay; but have heard farmers say, it is good in quality and the crop great. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 312 The whole to be laid off in rye hay, (not rye grass hay, but hay made from rye cut green). 1907 T. Shaw Feeding Farm Animals xi. 206 Rye hay is less relished by sheep than by other live stock. 2004 P. Macinnis Poisons (2005) xi. 220 Rye hay and grain were brought in to feed the army and its horses, but in August, the ergot in the grain struck. ryehigh adj. rare ΚΠ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 274 O'er ryehigh blue. Bloom stood up. rye seed n. ΚΠ 1622 G. Markham Verus Pater sig. B5^v In October make an end of your Wheate and Rye seede. 1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) Aug. 30 I have known several lose their Seed, their Labour, and their Time in this Affair, by..sowing and harrowing in three Bushels of Rye Seed on one Acre. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 878 The grey-coloured substance..was separated into..gluten, starch, and the coats of the rye-seeds. 1940 Jrnl. Mammalogy 21 395 In a very short time the kangaroo rats had stripped all the plots of the rye seed. 2007 S. B. Hamdani How to Build Putting Green viii. 74 The greatest benefit is that the roots [of a dwarf fescue] grow more deeply and, therefore the grass can sustain mowing more easily than a fresh rye seed recently planted. † rye-seed-time n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Semailles de seigles, rye-seed-time. 1758 Whitehall Evening-post 10–12 Oct. They have as fine Wheat-and Rye Seed Time as ever was known. rye sheaf n. ΚΠ 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell 188 Some giue a Rie-sheafe. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry 153 Taking a Rye-sheafe..and binding the eares together in one lumpe, put it ouer the Hiue, and so as it were thach it all ouer. 1886 T. Dykes All Round Sport (1887) 124 I recollect the actual shooting of a young curlew perched on a rye sheaf. 1913 Harper's Mag. Mar. 530/1 I have a few such subjects to thresh out, and I thresh them here, turning them over as many times as we used to turn over the oat and rye sheaves..on this same barn floor. 2007 D. Gapanowicz Mayor's Daughter iv. 34 It was used for transporting hay, potatoes, wheat, and rye sheaves from the fields to the warehouse at harvest time. rye stalk n. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 56 He beareth Gules a Rye Stalk Bladed and Eared. 1812 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. 127 He distinguished smaller mutations than it was capable of shewing by means of another hygrometer made of a twisted rye-stalk. 1859 A. Cary Pictures Country Life 127 She leaped fences and divided hedges and underbrush as lightly as the rye-stalks. 1911 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 453 According to Francé, a rye stalk has an average height of 1500 millimeters and a diameter of 3 mm. at the base. 2006 G. Slade Made to Break i. 24 Paper manufacturers developed toilet paper, paper cups, paper towels, and paper straws (rendering rye stalks obsolete). rye stubble n. ΚΠ 1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xvi. 104 Lay downe all Lands of this nature on..Rye Stuble, which will exceedingly thicken and Improve the Soarding. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 135 'Tis good to plow the Wheat or Rye-stubble up in November. 1850 D. G. Mitchell Lorgnette II. 204 Occasional strolls over the rye-stubble, in the hope of scaring up a dove or two for my dinner,..have sadly hurt my character with many of the traveling families. 1925 A. Abdullah Swinging Caravan (1969) 78 A Moslim Tartar looking on contemptuously, clad in loose, pigeon-blue trousers and deep-velvet coat, gleaming like a statue against the lacquered gold of the rye stubble. 2002 R. A. Byers in G. M. Barker Molluscs as Crop Pests xv. 329 Methiocarb treatment..increased survival of seedlings when lucerne was seeded during late summer into rye stubble. C2. rye and Indian bread n. (also rye and Indian, rye and Injun bread, rye and Injun) U.S. bread made from a mixture of rye and (Indian) cornmeal. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > mixed-grain bread maslin bread1539 mongcorn breadc1600 maslin1631 rye and Indian bread1803 1803 Boston Weekly Mag. 3 Sept. 183/2 Steep one ounce of Cinamon in a quart of water, add thereto the crusts of Rye and Indian Bread, mix the liquor with an equal quantity of sweet Wine, and let the patient drink freely of it. 1840 Knickerbocker 16 18 There were eggs and fried ham,..rye-and-Indian bread. 1856 G. Davis Hist. Sketch Stockbridge & Southbridge, Mass. 179 Skilled in..making rye and Indian bread. 1887 A. W. Tourgée Button's Inn 224 She passed around a hot plateful of toasted slices of ‘rye and Indian’. 1897 Pocumtuc Housewife 6 Johnny cake or hoe cakes are a good change from Rye and indian bread. 1932 L. I. Wilder Little House in Big Woods iv. 45 She baked salt-rising bread and rye 'n' Injun bread and Swedish crackers. 1993 L. Colwin More Home Cooking xxv. 125 He ate..white bread and rye 'n' Injun bread and sweet pickles and jam and preserves. rye-asthma n. [after German Roggenasthma (1854 or earlier)] Medicine (now rare) = hay fever n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered sensation > [noun] > allergy > hay fever summer fever1659 rose fever1782 hay-asthma1827 summer catarrh1828 hay fever1829 rose cold1831 rye-asthma1875 pollen fever1887 pollinosis1915 1875 tr. W. Zuelzer in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 540 In England it is called Hay Fever or Hay Asthma. It is also called June Cold, Rye Asthma, etc. 1891 W. Fox & S. Coupland Treat. Dis. Lungs & Pleura 84 Hay fever has become a popular term in England, but it has also been known as ‘rose-fever’..and ‘rye-asthma’, from the association of asthmatic attacks with the time of the flowering of rye. 1902 J. W. Moore tr. H. Immermann et al. Variola 625 The exact nosologic limits and elements of a ‘Typischer Früh-sommer-katarrh’, so-called hay-fever, Heuschnupfens, rye-asthma. rye brome n. (more fully rye brome grass) a variety of brome, Bromus secalinus, with rye-like seeds, occurring as a weed in wheat-fields.In early use also with distinguishing word. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > grasses perceived as weeds > [noun] > brome-grass field bromegrass1762 rye brome1798 1798 Trans. Linn. Soc. 4 283 Downy Rye Brome-grass. 1803 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XVII. 1171 Smooth Rye Brome-grass..has been observed in cornfields in various parts of Britain. 1867 Harwicke's Sci.-Gossip 1 Apr. 87/1 The pretty rye brome-grass (Bromus secalinus) and the Darnel (Lolium temulentum) are both very common in some parts of Cheshire. 1954 C. E. Hubbard Grasses 67 ‘Rye Brome’ was no doubt introduced into the British Isles long ago with the seeds of cereals. 1999 C. Haselgrove in I. Ralston & J. Hunter Archaeol. Brit. vii. 116 Wild plants such as chess, or rye-brome, were also exploited. rye coffee n. U.S. a drink resembling coffee, made from roasted rye or rye bread. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee > [noun] > coffee substitutes rye coffee1766 pea coffee1805 dandelion coffee1852 chicory1853 Postum1895 1766 Scots Mag. 28 694 (heading) Rye-coffee. 1769 Boston Gaz. 16 Oct. 1/3 And as true Daughters of Liberty, they made their Breakfast upon Rye Coffee, and their Dinner was partly made of that sort of Venison called Bear. 1877 H. Ruede Jrnl. 13 June in Sod-house Days (1937) 99 Most people out here don't drink real coffee, because it is too expensive... So rye coffee is used a great deal—parched brown or black according to whether the users like a strong or mild drink. 1951 L. Craig Singing Hills iv. 31 Every one had coffee... When I tasted mine I thought, for a moment, that poison had been put in it; it certainly was not like anything I had ever tasted before, for never before had I drunk rye coffee. 2000 J. Humphreys Nowhere Else on Earth (2001) ix. 237 Nelly eased me out of the parlor and sent me into the dining room with more rye coffee, and I poured their cups around the table one by one. † rye-crake n. Scottish Obsolete the corncrake, Crex crex. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > crex crex (corn-crake) raila1450 quail?a1500 corncrakea1525 daker-hen1552 craker1698 corn-craker1703 landrail1766 crake1793 rye-crake1807 grass-drake1826 corn-rail1830 meadow crake1833 meadow gallinule1843 1807 R. Tannahill Soldier's Return 154 The rye-craik rispt his clamrous throat. rye moth n. now rare any of several small moths whose larvae feed on various parts of rye and other grasses. ΚΠ 1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 779/2 The caterpillars..of the rye-moth (Pyralis Secalis) live within the spathe. 1889 U.S. Consular Rep. No. 106 289 The rye-moth (Ochsenheimeria taurella) was seen in the provinces of Toula, Riazan and Kazan. 1943 Entomologist 76 252 In order of decreasing preference, the grains attacked by the Rye Moth are rye, wheat, barley, oats and maize. rye waltz n. [so called on account of the tune to which the dance was performed, ‘Coming Through the Rye’] North American a dance combining three-four and two-four time. ΚΠ 1879 Globe (Atchison, Kansas) 18 Feb. We hope the church dance this week will not tolerate the Rye waltz. 1941 W. C. Handy Father of Blues ii. 16 The waltz was popular, as was also the rye waltz, a combination of three-four and two-four tempos. 2007 M. B. Deliman They wore no Medals ix. 79 They learned the basic waltz and two-step, plus the rumba, the New Yorker (same as jitterbug) and even the old-fashioned rye waltz. rye-worm n. now rare the larva of the widespread gout fly, Chlorops pumilionis (family Chloropidae), which causes damage to the growing plants and young ears of various cereals and grasses. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Chloropidae > member of family Oscinis (fruit-fly) > larva of oscinis pumilionis rye-worm1856 1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 779/2 The rye-worms..are the larvæ of little flies called Oscinis pumilionis. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Oct. 5/2 The appearance of the rye-worm is notified over several hundreds of acres. 1976 B. Oinas & F. J. Oinas tr. G. Ränk Old Estonia vi. 122 Beginning with the Worm—St. Mary's Day..in September, the rye-worms were said to disappear. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ryen.² Brit. /rʌɪ/, U.S. /raɪ/ Forms: Middle English ree, Middle English rey, Middle English ry, Middle English–1700s 1900s– rye, 1600s rie. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rie. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman re, rie (late 13th cent.), of uncertain origin. G. Tilander Glanures lexicographiques (1932) 217 compares the Anglo-Norman word with Old Occitan ref , in same sense (13th cent.), and suggests that both may derive < the same Germanic base as rive v.¹, in which case the supposed original sense would have been ‘colic’. He compares Swedish rev stomach cramps, colic (1538; extended use of rev act of tearing (Old Swedish rif ; < riva rive v.¹)). However, this seems unconvincing on semantic grounds. Falconry. Now historical. A disease of hawks marked by a swelling of the head. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of hawks crampc1430 frouncea1450 teena1450 crayc1450 ryec1450 aggresteyne1486 agrum1486 fallera1486 filanders1486 gall1575 pantas1575 pin1575 pin gout1575 stroke1575 apoplexy1614 crock1614 formica1614 privy evil1614 back-worma1682 verol1688 croak1707 c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 139 (MED) With mysfedyng þen schall sche haue the frounce, þe Rey [1496 Rye], þe Cray, and mony oþer seknes. a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 8 (MED) The Ree comyth in faute of hote mete, of colde, oþer of smoke, oþer els of grete feruent hete in the neste. c1575 Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 27 Rye is a Stuffinge or Swellinge of the head growinge by colde or euell dyet. 1618 S. Latham New & 2nd Bk. Falconrie xxviii. 129 Of all the diseases that belongs to these Hawkes, there be onely three that they be most subiect vnto, which is the Rye, the Cramp, and the Craye. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) The Cold or Rye in her Head, being apt, in time, to fall into her Eyes. 1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 78 Green chives..will preserve them [sc. hens] from the rye and other diseases in the head. 1900 E. B. Michell Art & Pract. Hawking xvi. 242 Rye is a swelling in the head, which is said to be produced by keeping the hawk without hot meat. 1999 A. Walker Encycl. Falconry 148/2 Rye (obs.), a condition showing itself by a swelling of the hawk's head; Cooper (1985) suggests sinusitis as a possible modern equivalent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ryen.³ Brit. /rʌɪ/, U.S. /raɪ/ Forms: 1800s– rye, 1900s– rai. Origin: A borrowing from Romani. Etymon: Romani rai. Etymology: < Romani rai gentleman < Sanskrit rājan king (see raja n.¹). In representations of Gypsy speech: a man, especially a gentleman. See also Romany rye n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 1851 G. Borrow Lavengro II. xxvi. 242 I had always..been a great favourite with Mrs. Petulengro, who had frequently been loud in her commendation of the young rye, as she called me. 1857 G. Borrow Romany Rye I. vi. 74 Gentility will carry the day, madam, even with the young rye. 1946 E. Foster Gigi in Amer. xii. 99 Rafael began to protest his innocence, but the rye said sternly, ‘Rafael, if you have been a thief, confess!’ Compounds rye mort n. [ < rye n.³ + mort n.⁴] a lady; in quot. attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > [noun] wifeeOE womaneOE womanOE queanOE brideOE viragoc1000 to wifeOE burdc1225 ladyc1225 carlinec1375 stotc1386 marec1387 pigsneyc1390 fellowa1393 piecec1400 femalea1425 goddessa1450 fairc1450 womankindc1450 fellowessa1500 femininea1513 tega1529 sister?1532 minikinc1540 wyec1540 placket1547 pig's eye1553 hen?1555 ware1558 pussy?a1560 jade1560 feme1566 gentlewoman1567 mort1567 pinnacea1568 jug1569 rowen1575 tarleather1575 mumps1576 skirt1578 piga1586 rib?1590 puppy1592 smock1592 maness1594 sloy1596 Madonna1602 moll1604 periwinkle1604 Partlet1607 rib of man1609 womanship?1609 modicum1611 Gypsy1612 petticoata1616 runniona1616 birda1627 lucky1629 she-man1640 her1646 lost rib1647 uptails1671 cow1696 tittup1696 cummer17.. wife1702 she-woman1703 person1704 molly1706 fusby1707 goody1708 riding hood1718 birdie1720 faggot1722 piece of goods1727 woman body1771 she-male1776 biddy1785 bitch1785 covess1789 gin1790 pintail1792 buer1807 femme1814 bibi1816 Judy1819 a bit (also bundle) of muslin1823 wifie1823 craft1829 shickster?1834 heifer1835 mot1837 tit1837 Sitt1838 strap1842 hay-bag1851 bint1855 popsy1855 tart1864 woman's woman1868 to deliver the goods1870 chapess1871 Dona1874 girl1878 ladykind1878 mivvy1881 dudess1883 dudette1883 dudine1883 tid1888 totty1890 tootsy1895 floozy1899 dame1902 jane1906 Tom1906 frail1908 bit of stuff1909 quim1909 babe1911 broad1914 muff1914 manhole1916 number1919 rossie1922 bit1923 man's woman1928 scupper1935 split1935 rye mort1936 totsy1938 leg1939 skinny1941 Richard1950 potato1957 scow1960 wimmin1975 womyn1975 womxn1991 1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid 232 Anyone taking a quick look at her might think she was on the up-and-up. She would give that impression too, to anyone who heard her talk and saw her act. Though..she would have to give up that rye mort touch. rye mush n. [ < rye n.³ + mush n.⁸] a gentleman. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid 55 He did not feel choosey; why, he could be a rye mush himself for one night. 1939 ‘J. Curtis’ What Immortal Hand xiv. 151 If she's gone and got herself tangled up with a lot of rye mushes she don't want to have nothing to do with a gaol-bird like me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † ryev. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To fish in some special manner. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (intransitive)] > other methods of fishing rye1496 kipe1706 jack1833 torch1887 1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. hij ^v Lynes for the dubbyd hoke to fysshe for the trought and graylynge: and..smalle lynes for to rye for the roche and the darse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹eOEn.²c1450n.³1851v.1496
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Compounds

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