rutheniumn.

Brit.

/rʊˈθiːnɪəm/, U.S.

/ruˈθiniəm/

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proper name Ruthenia , -ium suffix.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Ruthenia Russia (see Ruthenian n. and adj.) + -ium suffix, after German Ruthenium (1828: see note below). The element was so named on account of it having been first noticed in platinum ores from the Ural Mountains.In 1828 G. Osann ( Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 14 339) gave the name Ruthenium to a new element he claimed to have discovered in platinum ore but he did not succeed in satisfactorily characterizing or isolating it. Ruthenium was later isolated (from the same material) by C. Claus (1845), and he adopted the name chosen by Osann: see Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 44 194.

A hard, silvery-white, metallic chemical element of the platinum group, atomic number 44. Symbol Ru.Ruthenium occurs in small quantities in platinum ores and is used in some specialist alloys, esp. with platinum, and as a catalyst.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > ruthenium > [noun]

ruthenium1829

1829 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 16 384 Two new metals have been discovered in the platina of Oural in Russia, by M. Osann, to which he has given the name of pluranium, (formed from the initials of platina and Ural,) and Ruthenium. (Ruthenia, Russia.)

1845 tr. C. Claus in Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 50 I shall call this metal Ruthenium, because it occurs in small quantities in the white body described by Osann.

1880 E. Cleminshaw tr. C. A. Wurtz Atomic Theory 222 The compounds which are called sesquichloride of osmium and ruthenium.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xlii. 822 Osmium resembles ruthenium and differs from all the other platinum metals in forming a volatile tetroxide.

1973 S. E. Livingstone in J. C. Bailar et al. Comprehensive Inorg. Chem. III. xliii. 1209 The octavalent state [of osmium] is more stable than that of ruthenium.

1990 C. Rose Dirty Man of Europe (1991) ix. 222 House dust..contained plutonium, together with radioactive americum [sic], caesium and ruthenium.

2001 Computer Weekly 31 May 48/4 The almost magical increase in density provided by using such a small quantity of ruthenium has led IBM scientists to dub the fine layer as ‘pixie dust’.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 252 The residue contains the ruthenium compound.

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 537/1 Ruthenium tetroxide, RuO₄, is a golden-yellow crystalline substance, sparingly soluble in water.

1938 Mineral. Abstr. 7 162 Ruthenium-bearing nevyanskite was found in alluvial deposits associated with serpentine of the Great Laba river, northern Caucasus.

1960 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 254 558 Only one piece of ruthenium metal was available, thus it was only possible to carry out a preliminary investigation of the volatility of this metal in oxygen.

1994 Daily Tel. 8 July 20/5 The heart of the unit is a 10-inch long titanium tube with a ruthenium-coated titanium core separated by a zirconium oxide layer.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. xi. 443 Carbon nanotubes mixed with ruthenium oxide powder, and immersed in a liquid electrolyte, have been shown..to function as ‘supercapacitors’.

C2.

ruthenium red n. [after French rouge de ruthénium (L. Mangin 1893, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 116 653)] a compound with an intense red colour obtained by air oxidation of a solution containing ammonia and ruthenium( iii) chloride, and used as a microscopic stain.Ruthenium red is a mixed-valence complex salt; [(NH₃)₅Ru ⁱⁱⁱORu ^iv(NH₃)₄ORu ⁱⁱⁱ(NH₃)₅]Cl₆.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > ruthenates

rutheniate1845

ruthenate1846

ruthenium red1893

1893 Nature 30 Mar. 528/1 (heading) On the employment of ruthenium red in vegetable anatomy, by M. Louis Mangin.

1912 Chem. Abstr. 6 297 (heading) Differentiation of natural textiles and artificial silks by means of ruthenium red.

1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1472 The colour of ruthenium red itself can be detected in solutions more dilute than one in a million.

2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1058/2 Sections for LM [= light microscopy] stained with toluidine blue..as the metachromatic stain, and ruthenium red.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruthenium
释义	rutheniumn. Brit. /rʊˈθiːnɪəm/, U.S. /ruˈθiniəm/ Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proper name Ruthenia , -ium suffix. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Ruthenia Russia (see Ruthenian n. and adj.) + -ium suffix, after German Ruthenium (1828: see note below). The element was so named on account of it having been first noticed in platinum ores from the Ural Mountains.In 1828 G. Osann ( Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 14 339) gave the name Ruthenium to a new element he claimed to have discovered in platinum ore but he did not succeed in satisfactorily characterizing or isolating it. Ruthenium was later isolated (from the same material) by C. Claus (1845), and he adopted the name chosen by Osann: see Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 44 194. A hard, silvery-white, metallic chemical element of the platinum group, atomic number 44. Symbol Ru.Ruthenium occurs in small quantities in platinum ores and is used in some specialist alloys, esp. with platinum, and as a catalyst. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > ruthenium > [noun] ruthenium1829 1829 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 16 384 Two new metals have been discovered in the platina of Oural in Russia, by M. Osann, to which he has given the name of pluranium, (formed from the initials of platina and Ural,) and Ruthenium. (Ruthenia, Russia.) 1845 tr. C. Claus in Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 50 I shall call this metal Ruthenium, because it occurs in small quantities in the white body described by Osann. 1880 E. Cleminshaw tr. C. A. Wurtz Atomic Theory 222 The compounds which are called sesquichloride of osmium and ruthenium. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xlii. 822 Osmium resembles ruthenium and differs from all the other platinum metals in forming a volatile tetroxide. 1973 S. E. Livingstone in J. C. Bailar et al. Comprehensive Inorg. Chem. III. xliii. 1209 The octavalent state [of osmium] is more stable than that of ruthenium. 1990 C. Rose Dirty Man of Europe (1991) ix. 222 House dust..contained plutonium, together with radioactive americum [sic], caesium and ruthenium. 2001 Computer Weekly 31 May 48/4 The almost magical increase in density provided by using such a small quantity of ruthenium has led IBM scientists to dub the fine layer as ‘pixie dust’. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 252 The residue contains the ruthenium compound. 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 537/1 Ruthenium tetroxide, RuO₄, is a golden-yellow crystalline substance, sparingly soluble in water. 1938 Mineral. Abstr. 7 162 Ruthenium-bearing nevyanskite was found in alluvial deposits associated with serpentine of the Great Laba river, northern Caucasus. 1960 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 254 558 Only one piece of ruthenium metal was available, thus it was only possible to carry out a preliminary investigation of the volatility of this metal in oxygen. 1994 Daily Tel. 8 July 20/5 The heart of the unit is a 10-inch long titanium tube with a ruthenium-coated titanium core separated by a zirconium oxide layer. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. xi. 443 Carbon nanotubes mixed with ruthenium oxide powder, and immersed in a liquid electrolyte, have been shown..to function as ‘supercapacitors’. C2. ruthenium red n. [after French rouge de ruthénium (L. Mangin 1893, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 116 653)] a compound with an intense red colour obtained by air oxidation of a solution containing ammonia and ruthenium( iii) chloride, and used as a microscopic stain.Ruthenium red is a mixed-valence complex salt; [(NH₃)₅Ru ⁱⁱⁱORu ^iv(NH₃)₄ORu ⁱⁱⁱ(NH₃)₅]Cl₆. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > ruthenates rutheniate1845 ruthenate1846 ruthenium red1893 1893 Nature 30 Mar. 528/1 (heading) On the employment of ruthenium red in vegetable anatomy, by M. Louis Mangin. 1912 Chem. Abstr. 6 297 (heading) Differentiation of natural textiles and artificial silks by means of ruthenium red. 1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1472 The colour of ruthenium red itself can be detected in solutions more dilute than one in a million. 2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1058/2 Sections for LM [= light microscopy] stained with toluidine blue..as the metachromatic stain, and ruthenium red. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1829
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