Ruthenen.adj.

Brit.

/rʊˈθiːn/, U.S.

/ruˈθin/

Forms: 1500s–1600s Rutene, 1500s–1600s Ruthen, 1500s–1600s 1800s– Ruthene, 1900s– Ruten.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Rutheni, Ruteni.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Rutheni (plural) the East Slavs (often used as an equivalent of Russiani Russian n.), or specifically the East Slavonic-speaking population of the lands centring on Galich and Kiev (c1250 in a British source; also Ruteni (1531 or earlier)), probably showing a transfer (of uncertain motivation) of classical Latin Rutēnī , a tribe in southern Gaul, mentioned by Cicero, Caesar, and Lucan; compare -ene suffix. Compare German Ruthene, noun (1690 or earlier), ruthenisch, adjective (1666 or earlier), French ruthéne, adjective (1811 as ruthene) and noun (1830).For an early example of the confusion of the two senses of post-classical Latin Rutheni , compare: 1211 Gervase of Tilbury in S. E. Banks & J. W. Binns Otia Imperialia (2002) ii. vii. 244 Polloniam in uno sui capite contingit Russia, que et Rutenia, de qua Lucanus: Soluuntur flaui longa statione Rutheni [transl. Touching on Poland at one end is Russia, otherwise known as Ruthenia, to which Lucan refers: The fair-haired Ruthenians were freed from their long garrison-duty].With the use in sense A. 1b with specific reference to the Rusyns, compare use of Ruthenia (or more fully Carpathian, Subcarpathian, or Transcarpathian Ruthenia) as name of the area inhabited by Rusyns which was until 1920 part of Hungary, and which has since 1945 been part of Ukraine.

A. n.

†a. A native or inhabitant of the East Slavonic-speaking region, including Russia. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun]

Ruthene1548

Ruthenian1555

Ruthenian1594

Ruthene1611

White Russian1659

Black Russian1661

Great Russian1783

Little Russian1799

Malo-Russian1810

Rusnak1823

Rusyn1835

Belorussian1872

Belarusian1951

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. cij b Neyther the Grekes, the Ruthens nor many nations in theast partes besides.

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 289 For Rosseia in the Ruthens tounge, doothe signifie dispersed or scattered.

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 446 The churches of the Grekes, of the Ethiopes, of the Rutenes, of the Bohems, &c.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 206 In Sarmatia, a Countrey of the Rutenes, there is a Prouince called Samogithia, wherein the Lyzards are very thicke, blacke, and great.

1671 J. Ogilby tr. O. Dapper et al. Atlas Chinensis 715 The Tartars returning through the Wildernesses, came to a Countrey, in which (as the Ruthens, which had been there, relate) they found a Generation of Wild Women.

b. A native or inhabitant of the south-western part of the East Slavonic-speaking region, including Ukraine, Belarus, and Galicia; now only = Rusyn n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun]

Ruthene1548

Ruthenian1555

Ruthenian1594

Ruthene1611

White Russian1659

Black Russian1661

Great Russian1783

Little Russian1799

Malo-Russian1810

Rusnak1823

Rusyn1835

Belorussian1872

Belarusian1951

1611 E. Aston tr. J. Boemus Manners, Lawes, & Customes 229 There be some Ruthens towards the South, and Muscouites which dwell farre north, which obserue the Ceremonies of the Greeke Church, yeelding their obedience to the Bishoppe of Constantinople.

1633 E. Campion Hist. Ireland 8 The Muscovites, Ruthenes, Russians, Dalmatians, Bosnenses, Croatians, Istrians, Carnians, Carniolanians, Carinthians, Stirians, Mæsians, Servians, Bulgarians..Bohemians, Lusatians, Silesians, Moravians, Polonians, Circasians, Quinquemontanians..have the language.

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 42/2 Of the inhabitants..1,900,000 are Ruthenes or Russniaks,..who have spread into the centre of Russia, and are also numerous on the Hungarian side of the Carpathians.

1883 19th Cent. Nov. 754 Two-thirds of its population..belonging to the Reformed Church, the remaining third being mainly Russniaks or Ruthenes.

1941 A. J. P. Taylor Habsburg Monarchy xi. 179 Ruthenes and Slovaks can be polonised and magyarised—but Germans can't be czechised.

1983 R. Pearson Nat. Minorities in E. Europe iv. 107 Minorities like the Ruthenes, Belorussians and Macedonians disappeared as corporate identities beneath the relentless Americanisation they encountered [in emigration].

2007 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 20 June Between 1938 and 1939, dissident Germans, Slovaks, Poles, Hungarians and Ruthenes—abetted by Berlin, Warsaw and Budapest—broke free of Masaryk's multinational democracy.

2. The language of Ukraine; now only = Rusyn n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Ukrainian > dialect of

Rusnak1827

Ruthenian1848

Rusyn1856

Ruthene1891

1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 195 I am inclined to think that..the language..is by no means pure Ruthene.

1894 A. Lefèvre Race & Lang. 239 Little Russian, Rusniac, or Ruthene.

1945 Times 1 Jan. 5/5 They split up the Ruthene-speaking population of East Galicia.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 9 May 10 Ruthene—the closest living relative to the Old Slavonic of the Byzantine liturgy—is at least as different from Ukrainian as Czech is from Slovak.

2009 Economist (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. The artist did not himself speak Ruthene, though his parents did.

B. adj.

†a. Of or relating to Russia; inhabiting or native to Russia. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [adjective]

Ruthene1555

Ruthenica1671

Great Russian1799

Little Russian1799

Malo-Russian1799

Rusnak1804

Ruthene1849

Ruthenian1850

Rusyn1856

Belorussian1888

Belarusian1946

1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 290 The Ruthene or Moscouite interpretours hearynge theyr prince to bee so cauled of straunge nations, began them selues also to name hym an Emperour.

a1629 J. Speed Prospect most Famous Parts World (1631) 32/1 Russia nigra..had her name, as some suppose, first Ruthenia and Russia, which in the Ruthen tongue signifies no other than a dispersed Nation.

b. Of or relating to Ukraine or Ukrainian, inhabiting or native to Ukraine; now only = Rusyn adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [adjective]

Ruthene1555

Ruthenica1671

Great Russian1799

Little Russian1799

Malo-Russian1799

Rusnak1804

Ruthene1849

Ruthenian1850

Rusyn1856

Belorussian1888

Belarusian1946

1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 627/2 The revolt of the Ruthene peasants..in 1846.

1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 195 Throughout this book the Ruthenian spelling has been given when the word has been traced to be Ruthene.

1915–19 J. Buchan Nelson's Hist. War XVIII. cxxx. 121 The Northern Slav group of Czechs and Slovaks with Polish and Ruthene allies.

1945 H. Seton-Watson Eastern Europe between Wars vi. 180 Three currents contended with each other, proclaiming respectively Great Russia, Great Ukrainian and local Ruthene nationalism.

1977 M. Mayer in K. Hitchins Stud. East European Social Hist. I. iii. 179 The electors of one of the Ruthene districts gave their votes for Lörinc Buday because they were convinced that this well-known Hungarian radical would be a true representative of their national and social aspirations in Parliament.

2009 Economist (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. Many doubt the Ruthene claim to any form of national identity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruthene
释义	Ruthenen.adj. Brit. /rʊˈθiːn/, U.S. /ruˈθin/ Forms: 1500s–1600s Rutene, 1500s–1600s Ruthen, 1500s–1600s 1800s– Ruthene, 1900s– Ruten. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Rutheni, Ruteni. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Rutheni (plural) the East Slavs (often used as an equivalent of Russiani Russian n.), or specifically the East Slavonic-speaking population of the lands centring on Galich and Kiev (c1250 in a British source; also Ruteni (1531 or earlier)), probably showing a transfer (of uncertain motivation) of classical Latin Rutēnī , a tribe in southern Gaul, mentioned by Cicero, Caesar, and Lucan; compare -ene suffix. Compare German Ruthene, noun (1690 or earlier), ruthenisch, adjective (1666 or earlier), French ruthéne, adjective (1811 as ruthene) and noun (1830).For an early example of the confusion of the two senses of post-classical Latin Rutheni , compare: 1211 Gervase of Tilbury in S. E. Banks & J. W. Binns Otia Imperialia (2002) ii. vii. 244 Polloniam in uno sui capite contingit Russia, que et Rutenia, de qua Lucanus: Soluuntur flaui longa statione Rutheni [transl. Touching on Poland at one end is Russia, otherwise known as Ruthenia, to which Lucan refers: The fair-haired Ruthenians were freed from their long garrison-duty].With the use in sense A. 1b with specific reference to the Rusyns, compare use of Ruthenia (or more fully Carpathian, Subcarpathian, or Transcarpathian Ruthenia) as name of the area inhabited by Rusyns which was until 1920 part of Hungary, and which has since 1945 been part of Ukraine. A. n. 1. †a. A native or inhabitant of the East Slavonic-speaking region, including Russia. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun] Ruthene1548 Ruthenian1555 Ruthenian1594 Ruthene1611 White Russian1659 Black Russian1661 Great Russian1783 Little Russian1799 Malo-Russian1810 Rusnak1823 Rusyn1835 Belorussian1872 Belarusian1951 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. cij b Neyther the Grekes, the Ruthens nor many nations in theast partes besides. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 289 For Rosseia in the Ruthens tounge, doothe signifie dispersed or scattered. 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 446 The churches of the Grekes, of the Ethiopes, of the Rutenes, of the Bohems, &c. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 206 In Sarmatia, a Countrey of the Rutenes, there is a Prouince called Samogithia, wherein the Lyzards are very thicke, blacke, and great. 1671 J. Ogilby tr. O. Dapper et al. Atlas Chinensis 715 The Tartars returning through the Wildernesses, came to a Countrey, in which (as the Ruthens, which had been there, relate) they found a Generation of Wild Women. b. A native or inhabitant of the south-western part of the East Slavonic-speaking region, including Ukraine, Belarus, and Galicia; now only = Rusyn n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [noun] Ruthene1548 Ruthenian1555 Ruthenian1594 Ruthene1611 White Russian1659 Black Russian1661 Great Russian1783 Little Russian1799 Malo-Russian1810 Rusnak1823 Rusyn1835 Belorussian1872 Belarusian1951 1611 E. Aston tr. J. Boemus Manners, Lawes, & Customes 229 There be some Ruthens towards the South, and Muscouites which dwell farre north, which obserue the Ceremonies of the Greeke Church, yeelding their obedience to the Bishoppe of Constantinople. 1633 E. Campion Hist. Ireland 8 The Muscovites, Ruthenes, Russians, Dalmatians, Bosnenses, Croatians, Istrians, Carnians, Carniolanians, Carinthians, Stirians, Mæsians, Servians, Bulgarians..Bohemians, Lusatians, Silesians, Moravians, Polonians, Circasians, Quinquemontanians..have the language. 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 42/2 Of the inhabitants..1,900,000 are Ruthenes or Russniaks,..who have spread into the centre of Russia, and are also numerous on the Hungarian side of the Carpathians. 1883 19th Cent. Nov. 754 Two-thirds of its population..belonging to the Reformed Church, the remaining third being mainly Russniaks or Ruthenes. 1941 A. J. P. Taylor Habsburg Monarchy xi. 179 Ruthenes and Slovaks can be polonised and magyarised—but Germans can't be czechised. 1983 R. Pearson Nat. Minorities in E. Europe iv. 107 Minorities like the Ruthenes, Belorussians and Macedonians disappeared as corporate identities beneath the relentless Americanisation they encountered [in emigration]. 2007 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 20 June Between 1938 and 1939, dissident Germans, Slovaks, Poles, Hungarians and Ruthenes—abetted by Berlin, Warsaw and Budapest—broke free of Masaryk's multinational democracy. 2. The language of Ukraine; now only = Rusyn n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Ukrainian > dialect of Rusnak1827 Ruthenian1848 Rusyn1856 Ruthene1891 1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 195 I am inclined to think that..the language..is by no means pure Ruthene. 1894 A. Lefèvre Race & Lang. 239 Little Russian, Rusniac, or Ruthene. 1945 Times 1 Jan. 5/5 They split up the Ruthene-speaking population of East Galicia. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 9 May 10 Ruthene—the closest living relative to the Old Slavonic of the Byzantine liturgy—is at least as different from Ukrainian as Czech is from Slovak. 2009 Economist (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. The artist did not himself speak Ruthene, though his parents did. B. adj. †a. Of or relating to Russia; inhabiting or native to Russia. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [adjective] Ruthene1555 Ruthenica1671 Great Russian1799 Little Russian1799 Malo-Russian1799 Rusnak1804 Ruthene1849 Ruthenian1850 Rusyn1856 Belorussian1888 Belarusian1946 1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 290 The Ruthene or Moscouite interpretours hearynge theyr prince to bee so cauled of straunge nations, began them selues also to name hym an Emperour. a1629 J. Speed Prospect most Famous Parts World (1631) 32/1 Russia nigra..had her name, as some suppose, first Ruthenia and Russia, which in the Ruthen tongue signifies no other than a dispersed Nation. b. Of or relating to Ukraine or Ukrainian, inhabiting or native to Ukraine; now only = Rusyn adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > Russian peoples > [adjective] Ruthene1555 Ruthenica1671 Great Russian1799 Little Russian1799 Malo-Russian1799 Rusnak1804 Ruthene1849 Ruthenian1850 Rusyn1856 Belorussian1888 Belarusian1946 1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 627/2 The revolt of the Ruthene peasants..in 1846. 1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 195 Throughout this book the Ruthenian spelling has been given when the word has been traced to be Ruthene. 1915–19 J. Buchan Nelson's Hist. War XVIII. cxxx. 121 The Northern Slav group of Czechs and Slovaks with Polish and Ruthene allies. 1945 H. Seton-Watson Eastern Europe between Wars vi. 180 Three currents contended with each other, proclaiming respectively Great Russia, Great Ukrainian and local Ruthene nationalism. 1977 M. Mayer in K. Hitchins Stud. East European Social Hist. I. iii. 179 The electors of one of the Ruthene districts gave their votes for Lörinc Buday because they were convinced that this well-known Hungarian radical would be a true representative of their national and social aspirations in Parliament. 2009 Economist (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. Many doubt the Ruthene claim to any form of national identity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1548
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