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单词 rut
释义

rutn.1

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/
Forms: Middle English ruthe, Middle English ruyth, Middle English ruythe, Middle English 1600s–1700s rutt, Middle English–1600s rutte, 1500s– rut, 1600s rute.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rut.
Etymology: < Middle French rut, ruit, ruyt sexual excitement (c1160 in Old French as ruit ; > ruit n.), periodic sexual excitement in animals (second half of the 12th cent.), ultimately (with loss of the medial -g-) < post-classical Latin rugitus action of roaring (4th cent.) < classical Latin rūgīre to roar (probably < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἐρεύγεσθαι) + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare post-classical Latin rutum (1241 in a British source). Compare Spanish ruido (a1207 as †roido), Portuguese ruido (13th cent. as †rruido), both in sense ‘noise, clamour‘.With at or in (the) rut at Phrases 1 compare post-classical Latin in ruto (1241 in a British source), Middle French, French en rut (1562 or earlier).
1. The annually recurring period of sexual activity in deer, in which the males exhibit characteristic display behaviour towards each other and fight with one another in order to gain mating rights over a number of females; (more widely) periodic sexual excitement in other animals, esp. hoofed mammals. Cf. rut v.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > mating > rut
rutc1381
rutsonc1425
pride1483
shaleur1509
rutting1575
orgasm1754
heat1768
oestrum1773
oestruation1857
oestrus1890
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > sexual excitement
rutc1381
c1381 ( in W. Greenwell Boldon Bk. (1852) 28 (MED) Rogerus..facit servitium forestæ, scilicet, xl diebus in fonneson et xl diebus in ruyth.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 15 Þei [sc. harts] be in hure loue, whiche men clepen Rutte [Fr. ruyt], aboute þe tyme of the holy roode in Septembre and bene in hure hote loue a monythe.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvii. 45 During the time of their Rut they [sc. harts] lyue with small sustenance.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xxiv. 845 Thus also they passe and spende both day and night, being so enraged and feruently caried away with the rut..(alwaies following the steps and footings of the Hinde).
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 127 This part in Deere.., about the end of their Rutt,..sometimes becomes..relaxed and pendulous. View more context for this quotation
1714 A. Stringer Experienc'd Huntsman 89 That in a Park where old Deer and Does are very plenty, the Rut begins sooner by ten Days, than it doth in a Country where Deer are abroad at large.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 101 A short time after they [sc. stags] have furnished their horns, they begin to feel the impressions of the rut.
1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman iii. 41 They kill the bucks too late or when the ‘rut’ is coming on.
1948 A. L. Rand Mammals E. Rockies 207 The bugling or whistling of the bull elk in the early autumn is the signal..that the rut is starting.
1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams ii. 56 During their rut muskoxen bulls secrete a substance in their urine that is evident on their breath.
2009 Animal Behaviour 78 4/1 Males do not vocalize for most of the year, and then have an extremely intense period of vocal activity during the rut.
2. A gathering of deer in which a male deer exhibits rutting behaviour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > family Cervidae (deer) > [noun] > female > group at mating time
rutc1425
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 15 Also ther is dyuerse Ruttes in þe forest.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. i. i. 531 Lions, and Harts, Which..many times kill one another, or compell them to abandon the Rutte, that they may remaine masters in their places.
1640 Earl of Cork in Lismore Papers (1886) 1st Ser. V. 162 One live Buck, to beat the Rutt withall.

Phrases

P1. at or in (the) rut.
ΚΠ
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 15 (MED) They slene, fightene, hurtethe eche with oþer whan þei be in Rutte..and þei syngen in hure langage, þat in Engelond hunters callen Belowyng, as man that louethe paramoure.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 225 (MED) The lechure ofte-tymes Is whyte of coloure..of suche lokynge bene bestis in ruthe.
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 37 Az ramz at their rut.
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xvii. 123 I caused to be provided..a banquet, with drink of the best, and store of spiceries, to put the old women in rut and heat of lust.
1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week Proeme sig. A3v He rightly, throughout his fifth Idyll, maketh his Louts..behold their Goats at Rut in all Simplicity.
1796 W. Marshall Rural Econ. W. Eng. II. 7 The Ewes are now at rut.
1841 New Sporting Mag. Feb. 100 There are about six hundred deer in the park..but as they were deep in the rut, we were cautious of disturbing them.
1892 Med. Age 10 231/1 The uterus loses blood in a similar manner in the rut as it does in menstruation.
1949 Rotarian Nov. 14/2 A deer in rut, or a wounded buck, is dangerous.
2001 B. McNally in L. Underwood Bowhunting Tactics Pros xvi. 102 Bucks were wildly in the rut, but scrapes and rubs were hard to find on the flat, bottomland river delta property.
P2. to go to (the) rut.
ΚΠ
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 22 Þe herte gooþ rather to þe Rutte and is raþer in his seson agayne.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xx Than the bucke gothe to the rotte, and so wolde the ramme.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 144v The tyme when you shall suffer them to goe to rutte, is in Autume.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §758 We finde, that the Time of Going to Rut of Deere is in September.
1648 T. Winyard Midsummer-moone 1 He was begot ith' Dog-dayes, or at Michaelmas when his Dam went to Rut.
1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Hart In September and October, they [sc. harts] leave their thickets and go to the rut, during which season they have no certain place either for food or harbour.
1838 New Sporting Mag. Aug. 79 Wild Boar Hunting... After the beginning of February they are considered out of season, as at that time they begin to go to rut.
1905 W. H. P. Greswell Forests & Deer Parks Somerset xiv. 237 The first year a hart is called a calf, the second a bullock (and this year they go to rut), the third year a brocket.
2005 80 Days in Captivity 91 Rutting time; the season when deer go to rut. The population is copulating behind closed doors.
2008 Wells Jrnl. (Electronic ed.) 18 Dec. 44 The stags are generally five to six years old before they go to the rut.

Compounds

rut time n. the time of an animal's rut.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ruité, thats killed, or gotten, in rut-time.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 13 I am heere a Windsor Stagge, and the fattest (I thinke) i'th Forrest. Send me a coole rut-time (Ioue).
1714 A. Stringer Experienc'd Huntsman 91 I could instance several Bucks that have gone ten, or twelve Miles to Rut and when Rut-time was over would withdraw to the Ground where they lay all Year.
1889 E. Westermarck Orig. Marriage 36 Dr. Mohnike..mentions the occurrence of a rut-time with the Orang-utan.
1942 Amer. Midland Naturalist 28 612 Year old animals [sc. martens], thus about 15 months old, at the rut time, very frequently show no pairing desire.
2005 D. E. Schmidt Whitetail Wisdom ix. 151 Decoying is a fantastic rut-time tactic, but it usually works best when hunting areas with low deer densities.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutn.2

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/
Forms:

α. 1500s rutte, 1500s–1600s rutt, 1500s– rut, 1600s rupt.

β. 1500s rotte, 1500s (1900s– English regional (west midlands and southern)) rout, 1600s root, 1600s roote, 1600s–1700s rote, 1800s rot, 1900s– rowt (English regional (west midlands)).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or perhaps (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rut v.2; route n.1
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably < rut v.2, and thus ultimately parallel to rit n.1, which shows significant semantic overlap, although this could partly result from association of rit n.1 with this word; compare also ruck n.4, and later rut n.5 It is also possible that the word could show a variant of route n.1 with shortened stem vowel. The relationship between the α. and β. forms is unclear. N.E.D. (1910) suggests that the spelling rupt may favour an etymological connection with Middle French (chiefly Eastern) rupt , rut brook, stream (French regional (Lorraine) rupt ; variant of riu , ru , etc.: see note at river n.1). However, the English form rupt is apparently only attested in an isolated instance in 1600, and the French noun differs significantly in meaning. The form may have arisen instead by learned association with classical Latin rupt- , past participial stem of rumpere to break (see rumpent n.).
1.
a. A (deep) furrow or track made in the ground, especially in a soft road, by the passage of a wheeled vehicle or vehicles.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > left by the passage of something
swathc888
forec1250
vorea1387
tracec1420
track1470
rut1552
fore-step1562
cart-rut1601
trail1610
strake1617
cart-ritta1657
cart-ruck1820
wheel-spura1825
wake1851
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Whele tracte or rutte, Orbita.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vne Orniére, the rut or tracke of a wheele.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique v. vii. 668 The furrowes and rupts of carts [Fr. rayons & ornieres du charroy].
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 5 I desired them, as the course is, to put on, or to let me have one of the ruts.
1794 E. Gibbon in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 296 I was almost killed..by hard, frozen, long, and cross ruts, that would disgrace the approach of an Indian wig wam.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 25 When you have trusted your foot on a frozen rut.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 53 A sleepy land where under the same wheel The same old rut would deepen year by year.
1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 304 We had to leave the car..while peasants helped it over the ruts.
1929 Pop. Mech. Mar. 526/1 Complaints were made to the Canadian government that the interurban busses cut deep ruts in the ice and snow on the country roads.
1950 Pop. Mech. Jan. 89 In places, the short grass or ruts had caught enough snow to make a rather interesting pattern.
2000 L. G. Austin Mountain Bike! N. Calif. (2003) 7 Bicycle tires leave ruts in wet trails.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts (see also sense 1c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > a habit or practice
thewc888
customa1200
wonec1200
moursc1250
usec1384
usancea1393
usagea1400
stylec1430
practice1502
commona1525
frequentation1525
ordinary1526
trade?1543
vein1549
habit1581
rut1581
habitude1603
mores1648
tread1817
dastur1888
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 199 He from wonted wayes his Iades doth iaunce, Amonge straunge starres they pricking forward praunce, Enforcing them with Phoebus flames to frye, Whose roaming wheeles refuse the beaten rutt.
1587 J. Harmar tr. T. de Bèze Serm. xxviii. 375 We trauail in a Coche of gold.., which can nether be ouerturned, nor stopped, or staied for one minute of time, what ruts soeuer or hinderaunces men lay in the way of it within or without.
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 98 A long-tail'd squib, a flaming ridge, for rut Seems seen a while, where the bright Coach hath cut.
1705 in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1872) X. 32 He might prove such a rut in his way as might render his journey very fruitless.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 219 The Goddess..drives so eagerly as not to heed the rotes in the way.
1827 D. Douglas Jrnl. 14 July (1914) 280 The Bishop..appears to be a man of the most profound acquirements, seen only through the thick rut of his great modesty.
1842 M. F. Tupper Proverb. Philos. 2nd Ser. 294 The wheels go heavily, With clouds of doubt above, and ruts of discouragement below.
1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains vii. 213 It had worn a rut in the commerce of Great Britain.
1906 Metrop. Mag. May 175 Many, many times Buck repeated a poem..over and over till it wore a rut through his brain.
1971 J. A. Wright Coll. Poems 153 How many scrawny children Lie dead and half-hidden among frozen ruts in my body, along my dark roads.
2005 B. Barol Mr. Irresponsible's Bad Advice 114 Other people..are the ruts in your path, the speed bumps on your highway, the stones in your kidney.
c. figurative. A settled or established habit or mode of procedure, especially one that has become dull or unproductive but is hard to change; a narrow, undeviating course of life or action. Frequently in stuck in a rut.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > routine > a routine
routine1661
rota1673
rut1839
groove1842
1839 T. Carlyle Chartism i. 6 Parliaments, lumbering along in their deep ruts of commonplace.
1865 J. Skelton Campaigner at Home iv. 71 On his return to civilised life, he will settle at once into the rut.
1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vii. 330 A man whose conversation runs in ruts.
1916 C. S. Churchill Let. 30 Jan. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) vii. 164 I am rather in a rut to-day & can see only miles & miles of uphill road.
1952 C. MacKenzie Rival Monster 35 ‘No, I don't think he is actually going gaga,’ said Muriel... ‘But I do think he's got into a rut.’
1973 Nature 1 June 308/3 It should..infuse panic in the hearts of those palaeontographers who have got stuck in a rut.
1996 Daily Express 26 June 58/1 If you want excitement, don't hesitate to push aside stuffy companions who are stuck in a rut.
2001 C. Glazebrook Madolescents 27 My point is, I need to dig myself out of this rut before it's too late.
2. A track or passage hollowed out, cut, or excavated in the ground or a natural surface.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > notch or channel
rut?1611
sluit1818
overflow channel1863
overflow1883
swilly1899
spillway1914
flute1935
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads iv. 479 As from hils, raine waters headlong fall, That all waies eate huge Ruts, which, met in one bed [etc.].
1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 326 The soil lying hollow with the mole's ruts.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 405 It is of course worked by the hand alone, and makes simply a rut in the ground.
1884 T. Speedy Sport in Highlands xix. 374 As daylight began to close, the ravens appeared and settled in the ‘rut’ [sc. a gully].
1944 Life 8 May 47/1 The bullets cut ruts in the rock where you're going to be and where you've just been.
1978 B. Bainbridge Young Adolf (1979) ii. 17 A baker's cart whose narrow wheels had caught in the rut of the tramlines.
1992 M. G. Lay Ways of World 34 A number of Greek and Maltese roads prior to 1000 B.C...were built with ruts deliberately carved into the natural rock surface.
3. A deep furrow in the skin or in the surface of an organ or part of the body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > groove or furrow
gutter1553
scissure1607
rut1615
fissure1656
sulcus1744
groove1789
canaliculation1797
fossule1803
fossula1811
furrow1819
sulcation1852
sulculus1859
vallecula1859
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια vii. x. 456 Now the outward face of the braine which we sayed was of an Ash-colour rather then white, hath many and diuers orbicular circumuolutions and circular ruts.
1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy ii. i. sig. Dv From your scuruy face-physicke, To behold thee not painted enclines somewhat neere A miracle: These in thy face here, were deepe rutts.
1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty iv. iii. 36/2 These many ruts and furrows in thy cheek Proves thy old face to be but Champion-ground, Till'd with the plough of age.
1863 tr. Waitz' Introd. Anthrop. 95 The negro has no inter-maxillary bone, but only..a rut which marks it.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 897 The groove [of ainhum] always begins as a shallow transverse crack or rut, at the inner angle of the digito-plantar fold.
1906 C. Mansfield Girl & Gods xv The ruts and looseness on a face coarsened by sensualism.
1994 P. Grescoe Blood Vessel 186 The lines carved into his round, old face—it was hard to tell how old—were ruts.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as rut road, rut-way, etc.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Charrau, a Cart-way; Rutt-way.
1802 G. V. Sampson Statist. Surv. Londonderry 169 The lime is dragged on slide-cars through difficult rut-ways from the quarries of Ballyartan.
1861 G. Smith Ten Weeks Japan xii. 178 The roads..are usually of rude and primitive construction,..in the more hilly rising ground consisting of deep rut-ways hollowed out by the natural action of the descending mountain torrent.
1922 F. P. Grove Over Prairie Trails (2007) ii. 23 On the rut-trails nothing showed except the blades of grass and the tops of weeds.
1941 H. Buckmaster Let my People Go iii. 102 A few slaveowners..set their slaves upon the faint rut paths of the Southern ‘railroad’.
1956 E. M. Jope in C. Singer et al. Hist. Technol. II. 539 Four-wheeled carts..could hardly travel along the Greek rut-roads.
2009 D. J. Puffert Tracks across Continents, Paths through Hist. ii. iii. 48 The differences among mining railways also enable us to reject another proposed explanation of the coincidence in widths between Roman rut ways and the Killingworth colliery gauge.
C2. Instrumental and locative, as rut-rifted, rut-scored, rut-stuck, etc., adjectives.
ΚΠ
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 111 When thy rut-gull'd lanes Run little brooks with hasty rains.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 33 We turned up the rut-rifted lane.
1914 D. C. Boulger England's Arch-Enemy 107 In contrast with the fine road reserved for the military this is a mere track, rut-scored and resembling the approach to a farm-yard.
1919 J. Gregory Judith of Blue Lake Ranch xix. 246 They had left the sidewalk and walked down the middle of the rusty, rut-gouged street.
1986 H. Smead Blood Justice (1988) i. 17 Friends and relatives trickled into her ramshackle cabin off a muddy, rut-filled dirt road on the northern city limits of Lumberton.
1994 C. Fischer Individualizing Psychol. Assessment iii. xii. 362 Our current loose use of healthy allows us to give a person a ‘clean bill of health’..even if that person is unhappy, destructive, or rut-stuck.
2004 H. Thurston Place between Tides i. 20 Meantime, my wife must battle the rut-riddled, snow-packed road through the Tyndal Woods to her work as a child psychologist in town.
C3.
rut scraper n. U.S. (now historical) a machine for filling up cart ruts by scraping in the displaced material.
ΚΠ
1843 Amer. Agriculturist Nov. 278/2 To Samuel Mallory, of Alexander, Genesee co., for a rut-scraper, to dress roads and fill ruts, discretionary premium of $5.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 361 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV Prevention [of mud-holes] can be effected..by the use of the rut scraper.
1905 Prairie Farmer 11 May 2/1 After the fashion of the old-fashioned rut-scraper before the days of the modern road-grader, pull down a little dirt from a too high back-furrow.
1958 Farmington (Mich.) Enterprise 2 Jan. 5A/6 147 miles of local roads in Farmington Township and we don't even own a rut scraper (this instrument was used by the road commissions 75 years ago).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutn.3

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/, Canadian English /rʌt/
Forms: 1500s– rut, 1600s rutt, 1600s rutte.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: Probably the reflex of a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Norwegian regional (southern) rut din, roar, rumble, racket (also Norwegian (Nynorsk) ruta to make a loud noise)) < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of either rout v.1 (with the sense compare rout v.2) or (following the loss of initial h- ) of Old English rēotan to weep, wail (see rout v.4). Compare earlier rout n.4 and later rote n.5
Now North American regional (New England and Newfoundland) and rare.
Originally: the violent breaking of the sea on the shore. Now: the roaring of the sea, especially in breaking on the shore. Frequently more fully rut of the sea Cf. rout n.4 and rote n.5
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > [noun] > roaring of waves
routingc1450
buller1513
rout1513
rut1582
rote1610
1582 R. Madox Diary 26 June in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 291 The general hard that ther was such a rut at the shore, that he myght not easyly land his boates.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 196 Besides the murmure of the woods, The rut and rocking of the floods [L. litoris ictus] I doe not like.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 8 We heard the rutt of the shoare, as we thought: but it prooued to be the rutt against a banke of Ice.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xviii The Rut of the Sea was great, the Waves breaking upon our Ships Quarter.
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. iii. Rut of the Sea, is where it dashes against any Thing.
1820 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire 55 The rut of the sea is the dashing of the waves against any thing.
1847 D. Webster Private Corr. (1857) II. 262 I hear the sea very strong and loud at the north... They call this the rote or rut of the sea.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) v. 89 The old man said that this was what they called the ‘rut’, a peculiar roar of the sea before the wind changes.
1896 Dial. Notes 1 211 [New England] Rut, the noise of the waves on the beach.
1909 Newfoundland Q. Dec. 9/1 The fishermen are accustomed, in foggy weather, to find their bearings by carefully listening to the rout of the sea on the shore, which they (very correctly) call rote, or rut.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutn.4

Forms: 1600s rutte, 1600s–1700s rut.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rut n.3
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps an extended use of rut n.3, after rout n.1 5.
Obsolete.
A noise, a disturbance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult
brack?c1200
ludea1275
ludingc1275
grede13..
to-doc1330
stevenc1385
ruitc1390
shoutingc1405
rumourc1425
dirdumc1440
shout1487
rippit?1507
glamer?a1513
rangat?a1513
reird?a1513
larumc1515
reirdour1535
uproar1544
clamouring1548
racket1565
baldare1582
rack jack1582
rufflery1582
pother1603
rut1607
clamorousnessa1617
hurricane1639
clutter1656
flaw1676
splutter1677
rout1684
hirdum-dirdum1724
fracas1727
collieshangie1737
racketing1760
hullabaloo1762
hurly1806
bobbery1816
trevally1819
pandemonium1827
hurly-burly1830
outroar1845
on-ding1871
tow-row1877
ruckus1885
molrowing1892
rookus1892
rux1918
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > (a) noisy
rippit?1507
hubbleshowa1525
burlinga1533
hubble-shubblec1550
burle1563
coil1567
hirdy-girdy1568
riff-raff1582
rut1607
hubbuba1625
clutter1656
sputter1673
splutter1677
rattle1688
rumpus1745
ree-raw1797
bobbery1816
trevally1819
stramash1821
nitty1822
hell's delight1823
pandemonium1827
oration1828
Bob's-a-dying1829
hubbaboo1830
reerie1832
circus1869
tow-row1877
ruaille buaille1885
brouhaha1890
foofaraw1933
bangarang1943
bassa-bassa1956
1607 W. Russell Rep. Massacre in Citty of Mosco sig. B3 By reason that the Polonians kept good watch, and shot off many Harquebuzadoes in hearing, making a great rutte with their kettle drummes, the Russians durst attempt nothing.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. Argt. 23 To see the rutte the Sea-gods keepe: There swaggering in the Solent deepe.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 33 There arose such rut th' vnrulie rout among, That soone the noyse thereof through all the Ocean rong.
1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed Preamble sig. A4v One with the Grashopper doth keepe a rut. Another rimes vpon a Hazell Nut.
a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (BL Lansdowne MS 1033) (at cited word) To keep a rut; i.e. to be meddling and doing mischief. Kent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

rutn.5

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/, Scottish English /rʌt/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rut v.2
Etymology: < rut v.2 Compare earlier rit n.1 and also rut n.2 and discussion at that entry.
Chiefly Scottish. Now rare.
A cut or incision.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision
garse?c1225
chinea1387
slit1398
incisionc1400
slivingc1400
raising?a1425
scotchc1450
racec1500
tranchec1500
kerf?1523
hack1555
slash1580
hew1596
raze1596
incutting1598
slisha1616
scar1653
lancementa1655
slap1688
slip1688
nick1692
streak1725
sneck1768
snick1775
rut1785
sliver1806
overcut1874
1785 D. Young National Improvem. upon Agric. ix. 144 The plants put in by a rut of the spade.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. Pl. xxix A long rut..is made with the spade along each side,..so as to form the cut of the turf slanting outward.
1850 H. Stephens Farmer's Guide I. 464/1 This spade..is..thrust with force into the dung-heap, making a rut across the dunghill.
1985 Conc. Sc. Dict. 565/2 Ristle, a kind of small plough with a sickle-shaped coulter for cutting a narrow deep rut through strong roots.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutv.1

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/
Forms: late Middle English rutt (past participle), 1600s rutt, 1600s– rut.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rut n.1
Etymology: < rut n.1 Compare Middle French, French ruter, rutter to be in rut (first half of the 15th cent. in an isolated attestation), to mount or copulate with (a female) (c1570).
1. transitive. To beget (a child). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget
sowc1250
getc1300
begeta1325
engenderc1330
conceivec1350
makea1382
wina1400
fathera1425
rutc1450
tread1594
sirea1616
engraff1864
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 4616 (MED) A sone þei hade..qwylke obeth heyȝt..And of hym..Iesse..was rutt.
2.
a. intransitive. Of a deer or other animal: to be under the influence of periodic sexual excitement; to take part in the annual rut (rut n.1 1). Also: to copulate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (intransitive)] > rut
to go or be assau(l)tc1400
ruteyc1400
rut1600
1600 W. Vaughan Nat. & Artific. Direct. Health vi. i. 61 The fields waxe greene, hearbes and flowers doe bud, beastes rut, the birds chirp.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 25 I am just in the condition of an out-lying-Deere, that's beaten from his walk for offering to rutt.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Aug. 4/1 As for stags.., they are rutting in October.
1889 E. Westermarck Orig. Marriage 49 The buck and the ass in southern countries..rut throughout the whole year.
1935 D. Thomas Coll. Lett. (1987) 192 This is a poor, dirty land, and the pigs rut and scrabble in the parlours.
1974 J. A. Michener Centennial iii. 58 When he rutted he simply climbed on the back of his mate, locking his forepaws about her.
1991 J. Wolf Daughter of Red Deer i. i. 5 The stags are rutting; the leaves are falling.
b. intransitive. Of a person: to have sexual intercourse; to behave promiscuously or lecherously. rare before 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse
playOE
to do (also work) one's kindc1225
bedc1315
couple1362
gendera1382
to go togetherc1390
to come togethera1398
meddlea1398
felterc1400
companya1425
swivec1440
japea1450
mellc1450
to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474
engender1483
fuck?a1513
conversec1540
jostlec1540
confederate1557
coeate1576
jumble1582
mate1589
do1594
conjoin1597
grind1598
consortc1600
pair1603
to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608
commix1610
cock1611
nibble1611
wap1611
bolstera1616
incorporate1622
truck1622
subagitate1623
occupya1626
minglec1630
copulate1632
fere1632
rut1637
joust1639
fanfreluche1653
carnalize1703
screw1725
pump1730
correspond1756
shag1770
hump1785
conjugate1790
diddle1879
to get some1889
fuckeec1890
jig-a-jig1896
perform1902
rabbit1919
jazz1920
sex1921
root1922
yentz1923
to make love1927
rock1931
mollock1932
to make (beautiful) music (together)1936
sleep1936
bang1937
lumber1938
to hop into bed (with)1951
to make out1951
ball1955
score1960
trick1965
to have it away1966
to roll in the hay1966
to get down1967
poontang1968
pork1968
shtup1969
shack1976
bonk1984
boink1985
1637 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother v. ii. sig. K2 That is your penance, You know for what, and see you rut no more, you understand me.
1957 W. S. Burroughs Let. 8 Dec. (1993) 380 Here I am still junk sick just after the cure, and the last thing I wanted was some lecherous old peer rutting about on me.
1967 M. Ayrton Maze Maker ii. l. 222 The god must rut elsewhere and speak through the hundred mouths of Cumae, without orgasm.
1987 R. Hall Kisses of Enemy (1990) i. ix. 58 Though he met influential people they were not interested in listening to him while they rutted.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xx. 280 The woman..had been secretly rutting..behind my back during this entire time.
3.
a. transitive. Of a deer or other animal: to mount or copulate with (a female). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > mount (a partner) for purpose of sexual intercourse
ridea1450
mounta1475
beleap1513
leap1530
colta1616
vaulta1616
rut1700
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Cinyras & Myrrha in Fables 175 What Piety forbids the lusty Ram, Or more salacious Goat, to rut their Dam?
b. transitive. Of a man: to have sexual intercourse with. rare before 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with > specifically of a man
jape1382
overliec1400
swivec1405
foilc1440
overlay?a1475
bed1548
possess1592
knock1598
to get one's leg over1599
enjoy1602
poke1602
thrum1611
topa1616
riga1625
swingea1640
jerk1650
night-work1654
wimble1656
roger1699
ruta1706
tail1778
to touch up1785
to get into ——c1890
root1922
to knock up1934
lay1934
pump1937
prong1942
nail1948
to slip (someone) a length1949
to knock off1953
thread1958
stuff1960
tup1970
nut1971
pussy1973
service1973
a1706 in Earl of Dorset Misc. Wks. Rochester & Roscommon (1707) ii.55 M—t,..when no Danger's near, Mounts like a Rampant Stag, and Ruts his Dear.
1891 in A. C. Freeman Amer. State Rep. (1893) 28 938 He turned me over, and got up my clothes, and ‘rutted’ me.
1977 B. D'J. Pancake in Atlantic Dec. 83/2 I pull her pants around her ankles, rut her.
2000 A. Maxted Getting over It (2001) i. 5 I can't decide if he rutted or refused her. Jasper likes to be in demand.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutv.2

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/
Forms: 1500s rut (past tense, in copy of lME MS), 1700s– rut.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rit v.1
Etymology: Variant of rit v.1 Compare later rut n.2 and discussion at that entry.
Now English regional (Lincolnshire) and rare.
1. transitive and intransitive. To cut, pierce, or thrust with a weapon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > wound with sharp weapon
woundc760
stickOE
snese?c1225
stokea1300
steekc1300
bearc1330
stangc1340
chop1362
broach1377
foinc1380
strikec1390
borea1400
dag?a1400
gorea1400
gridea1400
staira1400
through-girdc1405
thrustc1410
runc1425
to run throughc1425
traversec1425
spitc1430
through-seeka1500
stitch1527
falchiona1529
stab1530
to stab (a person) in1530
stob?1530
rutc1540
rove?c1550
push1551
foxa1566
stoga1572
poniard1593
dirk1599
bestab1600
poach1602
stiletto1613
stocka1640
inrun1653
stoccado1677
dagger1694
whip1699
bayonetc1700
tomahawk1711
stug1722
chiv1725
kittle1786
sabre1790
halberd1825
jab1825
skewer1837
sword1863
poke1866
spear1869
whinger1892
pig-stick1902
shiv1926
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with sharp weapon
chop1362
slash1382
strikec1390
rutc1540
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6977 Paris..with a pile sharp Rut hym in thurgh þe rybbis with a roid wond.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 10704 He pairet his armur, Rut þurgh his rybbes, rent hym with in.
2. transitive. To cut or make a furrow through (turf) with a spade or other implement. Also intransitive. Cf. rit v.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > with other implements
rut1775
twin1841
rib roll1971
1775 J. Anderson Ess. Agric. i. 9 In this manner the workmen proceed, always rutting the through-band rows of feal in both ends.
1799 W. Nicol Pract. Planter x. 357 The person rutting stands with his face outwards, and holds the spade in such a position as to form the slope of the ditch as he proceeds, to the depth of the rut.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 374 With the common spade then cut, or, as it is technically termed, rut the line of hedge-bed behind the cord.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 503 The upper rough turf is rutted in a perpendicular direction.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. s.v. Rut...to,..to cut deeply to mark the edge of paths, using a rutting knife.
3.
a. transitive. With off. To mark off before digging. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1799 W. Nicol Pract. Planter x. 357 Having fixed on the situation of the ditch, the side next the plantation or field to be fenced is rutted off by the line.
b. transitive. With off. To cut and remove with a spade or other implement. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 507 The principal workman is rutting off the second side of the top of the drain with the common spade.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rutv.3

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: route n.1
Etymology: Apparently < an otherwise unattested variant of route n.1 (compare forms at that entry). Compare earlier rutter n.2).
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To hold a course.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction
steer1340
stem1487
capea1522
lie1574
put1578
bear1587
rut1588
haul1589
fetch1590
standa1594
to stand along1600
to bear away1614
work1621
to lay up1832
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 305 From whence vnto the..Canarias is two hundred and thirtie leagues, and [the ships] alwayes doo Rut to the southwest [Sp. fueron siempre caminando al Sudueste].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

rutv.4

Brit. /rʌt/, U.S. /rət/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rut n.2
Etymology: < rut n.2 Compare earlier rut v.2
1.
a. transitive. To mark (a road or the ground) with ruts; to furrow. Chiefly in passive (cf. rutted adj.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > ground > [verb (transitive)] > mark with ruts
rut1607
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [verb (transitive)] > mark (a road or the ground) with ruts
rut1607
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 51 Some high way which in the winter time, hauing been rutted [etc.].
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xviii. 258 His teeth shall fall, As plaine seene on the earth, as any Sowes That ruts the Corne-fields, or deuoures the Mowes.
1773 Present State Brit. Interest in India iii. 99 Giving up that glorious field, which annually yielded a golden crop, to be rutted up and trodden down by hogs and viler beasts.
1816 W. Scott Paul's Lett. to Kinsfolk 200 The ground was..strangely broken up and rutted by the wheels of the artillery.
1884 G. A. Sala Journey due South (1887) i. xxiv. 313 One street [in Pompeii] with..its pavement rutted by chariot-wheels.
1929 Times 11 Apr. 13/3 In wet weather there is the danger that many parts of the track and of the golf course may be rutted.
1982 B. MacLaverty Time to Dance (1985) 150 It was rutted with tracks which had frozen over.
2000 S. Benitez Weight of All Things iv. 19 Dry creek beds rutted the bottoms of some ravines.
b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts.
ΚΠ
1820 W. Scott Let. 17 Jan. (1934) VI. 117 I certainly studied..to get out of the old beaten track, leaving those who like to keep the road, which I have rutted pretty well.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xvi. 229 I saw how deeply it was rutted with the ruts of age, and misery.
1961 Times 3 July 9/4 Throughout their journey along a road already deeply rutted by the prosecution, counsel and accused have halted from time to time.
2003 B. J. Kibble Chasing Wind i. 8 Roberts, short, stocky, and balding from a life of army caps, stood with his back bent slightly, his chubby face rutted by his profession.
2. intransitive. To dig or create a rut or ruts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [verb (intransitive)] > rub the ground with horns
rut1647
1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. (Hunting) The Stagg ruts with his hornes in the earth.
1841 Prize-ess. & Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 13 240 I was determined to get rid of the spongy moss, and set about paring it for winter. It required a man to rut with the spade before the parer.
1953 C. A. Lindbergh Spirit of St. Louis ii. vi. 185 The tires rut through mud as though they were really on truck wheels.
1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 24 Mar. 7/2 Bulldozers rutting for gravel.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1381n.21552n.31582n.41607n.51785v.1c1450v.2c1540v.31588v.41607
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