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rustn.1adj. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with West Frisian rust , roast , Middle Dutch roest , rost (Dutch roest ), Old Saxon rost (Middle Low German rost , rust ), Old High German rost (Middle High German rost , German Rost ), Faroese rustur , Norwegian rust , Old Swedish rost , rust , ruste , roster (Swedish rost ), early modern Danish rost , rust , røst (Danish rust ), probably < a suffixed (or perhaps compounded) form of an ablaut variant of the same Indo-European base as red adj. and n. (compare rud n.1 probably showing the same ablaut grade), hence with reference originally to the red colour of rust. Use in sense A. 6 is also widespread among the other Germanic languages. Different formations also probably ultimately < the same Indo-European base as red adj. and n. and also with the meaning ‘rust’ are shown by Old Icelandic ryð, ryðr, Old High German rosomo, and, outside the Germanic languages, by Lithuanian rūdys, Old Church Slavonic rŭžda (Old Russian r′′ža, rža, Russian rža), classical Latin rōbīgō, rūbīgō.In Old English a strong masculine or neuter a -stem. The Old Saxon and Old High German forms (and likewise Middle Dutch rost ) show the expected West Germanic lowering of *u > *o in an a -stem formation *rusta- , which is probably also shown by the (rare) early Old English form rost . The β. forms suggest the existence of a by-form with a long vowel in Old English, although both the date and the mechanism by which such a form arose are unclear. The modern form rust with short vowel could then result from this by-form, with shortening in late Old English before a consonant cluster. However, a form with short u could also have existed earlier, since exceptions to the West Germanic lowering of *u > *o before a back vowel are not uncommon in Old English. The vowel of Middle Dutch, Dutch roest is not satisfactorily explained. (The modern West Frisian form roast shows the expected development from West Germanic short *u in this position; the West Frisian form rust probably also ultimately reflects a development from *rusta-, rather than from a form with a long vowel.) For evidence of currency of forms showing the (diphthongal) reflex of a long vowel in English regional (northern) use in the 20th cent. see H. Orton Phonology of a South Durham Dialect (1933) §133. A. n.1 I. A coating formed on metal by oxidation or corrosion, and senses relating to corrosion or deterioration. 1. the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > corrosion > rusty condition > rust or rusting the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > on metal > rust α. eOE (1890) 49/2 Erugo, rust. OE (Northumbrian) vi. 19 In terra ubi aerugo et tinea demolitur : in eorðo ðer uel huer rust & mohða g[e]freten bið uel gespilled bið. OE (Tiber.) (1888) lxiv. 108 Ne dum nimis cupit eradere eruginem, frangatur vas : þæt he na to swiðe ne gewilnige up awyrtlian rust oððe om si tobrocen fæt. ?c1225 (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 209 (note) Þe file fret of þe irn þe rust..& Makeð hit hwit & smeðe. c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 83 Beo neauer se briht or, Metal, gold, seoluer, Irn, stel, þet hit ne schal drahe rust. c1384 (Royal) (1850) James v. 3 Ȝoure gold and siluer hath rustid, and rust [L. ærugo] of hem shal be to ȝou in to witnessing. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in at Rust This fir calle I charite..It clenses man of sinful lust, Als fire clenses Iren of rust. a1425 (c1384) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxiv. 6 Woo..to the pot whos rust is in it, and the rust therof wente not out of it. c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 345 in F. J. Furnivall (1903) 213 (MED) Þe moþþis þat þi cloþis ete..Þe rust þat þi siluer doiþ freete..Þei crien vpon þee veniaunce greete Þee for to spille. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) iv. xxxiv. f. lxxxiij Bras..draweth soone ruste yf it be not clensid. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 44 (MED) Like as yren put in þe fire lesiþ his rust..so a man conuertyng him holy to god is..chaunged into a newe man. 1530 J. Palsgrave 264/2 Rust of yron or any other metall, enrovillevre. 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. iii. 115 His glittering armes he will commend to rust, His barbed steeds to stables. View more context for this quotation 1668 W. Charleton 302 Coeruleum, the Blew Rust of Silver. 1677 T. D'Urfey iii. 26 We..can by the Rust on a Sword tell how long it has been durable. 1756 C. Lucas iii. 297 The iron begins to separate, and falls like rust to the bottom. 1789 H. L. Piozzi I. 224 The tomb of Antenor..venerable with rust. 1819 P. B. Shelley ii. i. 24 When the rust Of heavy chains has gangrened his sweet limbs. 1853 H. Douglas (ed. 3) vii. 380 Some of the iron wires..had become corroded by rust. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. I. 286/1 Plating is best cleaned of rust by hard rubbing with paraffin. 1907 F. O. Carpenter xvi. 196 Copper dishes or those made of brass..must be kept free from rust, for the rust of copper, verdigris, is a poison. 1949 ‘J. Macdonald’ xxvii. 199 Further down the lane a green A-model sedan, acned with rust, was backed against a fence post. 2008 P. Hensher 418 There wasn't a lot you could do in the way of cooking, nothing but a Baby Belling on a shelf, its enamel chipped and the rust beginning underneath. a1450 (1969) l. 1664 Ley þi tresour and þy trust In place where no ruggynge rust May it dystroy to dros ne dust. 1559 D. Lindsay 47 Thy maiestie Sall..rube the ruste of my ingyne. 1595 A. Copley Loves Owle in sig. B Dull melancholy is a rust, Ranckling all good mettles lust. 1600 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 220 I were better to be eaten to death with a rust, than to be scoured to nothing with perpetuall motion. View more context for this quotation 1619 A. Gardyne Lyf William Elphinstoun 14 in (1878) That his ritche engene..He sould permit and suffer, bot Reguard to roust or rest. 1737 A. Pope ii. i. 3 Authors, like Coins, grow dear as they grow old; It is the rust we value, not the gold. 1752 D. Hume xii. 204 Perhaps rust may grow to the springs of the most accurate political machine, and disorder its motions. 1863 J. Tyndall iii. 55 Carbon acid may be regarded as the rust of the body, which is continually cleared away by the lungs. 1905 C. D. Rhodes in F. L. Huidekoper (1915) 671 The clogging of the wheels of administration was principally due to the accumulations of rust during many years of peace. 1992 1 Feb. 42/2 Visiting for a total of three weeks in seven years could never create a protective seal against the rust of forgetting. the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > corrosion > rusty condition > rust or rusting > period of a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Ddd/1 Like Reliques to be offer'd to long rust. 1680 W. Temple Surv. Constit. of Empire in 30 The weakness of their Land-Forces, Which a long rust of Peace..has brought to be very disproportioned in Force to what they are in Number. 1865 C. Dickens II. iv. xiii. 274 As if his money had turned bright again, after a long long rust in the dark. 1906 C. M. Doughty VI. xxi. 39 To furbish that long rust of Roman arms; Suetonius draws then forth. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > other kinds of cement or mortar 1839 W. J. Curtis in 2 436/1 The cylinders are formed with flanch ends, and the joints made with the basement plate in the usual way, either with a rust joint, or lead, or other jointing. 1853 C. McIntosh I. iv. 246/1 The composition generally used to pack this joint with is called rust or borings by tradesmen, and is a mixture of iron borings with sulphur and sal-ammoniac. 1916 M. Merriman (ed. 3) xi. §. 40 1122 The rust mixture is usually one part by weight of sal ammoniac mixt with 400 parts of iron filings. society > trade and finance > money > [noun] 1858 A. Mayhew iii. v. 284 There's no chance of nabbing any rust (taking any money). 2. the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun] eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) xxxvii. 269 Ðeah ne meahte monn him of animan ðone miclan rust. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 140 Heis þi file & fileð awei þirust of þiruchȝe sunne. a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 814 in M. Day (1921) 53 (MED) Ihesu..Þere I am roten, rubbe of þe rust. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle 99 Þe sawle þat it takis with blyst fyre is purgyd, & in it bidys no rust ne fylþ. 1533 J. Frith sig. H.2 Hys conscience be so cankerd that the ruste wyll not be rubbed oute. 1577 St. Avstens Manuell in (rev. ed.) sig. Eijv From canckred rust Christ shall make iust. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 170 How he glisters Through my Rust? and how his Pietie Do's my deeds make the blacker? View more context for this quotation 1665 G. Mackenzie 101 May not we be busie in soliciting for unnecessary favours to others,..and yet our souls contract a rust, whose cancker may make it at last moulder away to nothing? society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > a morbid moral condition eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) xxxvii. 269 He wolde from us adon ðone rust urra unðeawa, ac we ðeah for ðæm broce ðæs fyres nyllað alætan from us ðæt rust ðara unnyttra weorca. OE tr. Defensor (1969) i. 8 Item dicit tanto namque amplius peccati rubigo confunditur quanto peccatoris cor magno caritatis igne crematur : eft he segð swa micele witodlice swyþor synne rust byð gescynd swa micele swa synfulles heorte mid micelum soðre lufe fyre byð bærned. a1400 (Pepys) (1976) 66 Vche goode Man & womman takeþ rust of synne, ȝif þat hij ben in feble compaignye. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 274 (MED) He..enflawmeth her hertes goostly, consumynge al the rouste of mysbyleue. c1450 (1900) 234 (MED) Do oute þe ruste of ydell thouȝtys fro ȝoure herte & it schal be a clene vessel of god. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 132 (MED) Thou knowist..hov muche tribulacion deseruiþ to purge þe rust of my vices. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil iv. Prol. 166 Out on the, ald trat,..Eschamis na thing in roust of syn to ly! 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo (1586) ii. 117 Their mindes..are thereby..eaten as it were with the rust of idlenesse. 1621 R. Brathwait 126 Worse to the State then rust of flatterie. 1665 J. Quarles (single sheet) It must be laid, where neither Aire of Lust, Nor Heat of Envy, nor th'injurious Rust Of Malice can come near it. 1746 P. Francis tr. Horace 369 When the rust of wealth pollutes the soul. 1761 Genius 19 Nov. in G. Colman (1787) I. 120 The thoughts of interest frequently proves a growing rust and canker in the mind. 1864 H. R. Cutler xi. iv. 203 (title) Tarnished by the rust of gain. 1881 J. Bascom ii. ii. 336 Contempt is the rust of the soul, which eats it up with increasing pain. 1912 W. D. C. Wagiswara & K. J. Saunders tr. xviii. 58 More corrosive..is the rust of ignorance, the greatest of taints. 3. the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > influence or effect OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann (1889) 199 Ærest ic wille beon gefremed in littlum weorce, þæt ic mæge sum rust on weg adrifan of minre tungan. c1530 A. Barclay ii. sig. G.iii Cornix. My reason..Is now made rusty, for lacke of exercyse. Coridon. By this dysputynge thou mayst scoure of the rust. a1676 M. Hale (1677) 3 A Man hath this advantage by the exercise of this Faculty about it, that it keeps it from Rust and torpidness. 1711 J. Addison No. 112. ¶1 Sunday clears away the Rust of the whole Week. 1732 G. Berkeley I. i. xi. 36 Rubbing off the rust and pedantry of a College Education. 1812 9 Nov. 716/1 His voice would perhaps have been a..good one, had it not been prematurely exerted:—as it is, there is a general rust about it. 1838 T. C. Haliburton 2nd Ser. xi. 251 It took the rust off of him pretty slick, you may depend. 1869 R. Browning III. viii. 93 Just so much work as keeps the brain from rust. 1912 3 Aug. 280/1 Brush the cobwebs away and get the rust off, and go to work and use your brains. 1921 Apr. 554/2 He seemed to see for the first time the dust and disorder of disuse, as if it symbolized the rust in his own mind and body. 2008 (Nexis) 10 Nov. z6 GSHS will have a few games to work off the rust before the meat of the schedule kicks in. 1889 15 Jan. 5/1 If you are bent on looking out for actors ‘in rust’—namely, out of engagements. the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > [noun] > as effect of time c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) Prol. 214 (MED) For-dirked age..Whos fretyng rust..assayes For to eclipse the honour and the glorie Of hiȝe prowes. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1901) I. i. ix. 52 At last þe memorye þareof perist be roust of ȝeris. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 228/1 in I Whiche lawes with dyuerse other of like antiquitie are forgot and blotted out by rust of time. 1600 C. Middleton sig. E v So are we subiect to the rust of times. 1683 J. Gadbury in G. Wharton Pref. sig. A2 Whereby his happy Memory might be the more justly and punctually preserved from the consuming Rust of Time. 1721 C. Beckingham 6 True Merit..mocks the Rust of Age, and Waste of Time. 1761 L. Sterne III. xii. 311 Lest through the rust of time and the fatality of all things committed to oral tradition—they should be lost to the world for ever. 1832 Nov. 196 He has left behind him a legacy..of literary treasures, and of fame, which, defying..the rust of age, or the destructive tooth of time, must endure. 1890 18 Jan. 24/1 Tis vain to trust to statuary A name; but verse Time's rust defies. 1911 E. C. Stedman viii. 123 Throughout the volume are evidences of a serene and joyous prime, which age cannot wither, nor the rust of years corrode. 1999 C. Brookmyre 53 He was surprised at the ease with which he could recall their names... Presumably his current location had a lot to do with that, compensating for the rust of time. the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [noun] the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > bitterness > [noun] ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in (1998) I. 45 I sall a ragment reveil fra rute of my hert, A roust that is sa rankild quhill risis my stomok. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1901) I. i. xii. 71 All wayis þe sabinis persuadit mony of þe said pepill with small lauboure to assist to þare opinioun, throw roust and auld haterent of weris. c1650 J. Spalding (1851) II. 205 Thair wes sum old roust betuixt thame. II. Senses relating to the appearance or colour of rust. 6. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > rust disease or condition of having OE (1966) 156 Erugo .i. uitium frumenti uel ferri, rust, om. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxviii. 22 Smyte þe þe lord wiþ nede, feuyr & coold & brennynge & heet & corrupt eyr & rust [L. rubigine]. c1400 (Lamb. 25) (1850) Joel i. 4 Gloss. Rust is vice either corrupcioun of wexynge corn, whanne bi brennynge wynd it makith no seed... Rust is whanne tendre cornes ben smytun bi noyful dew, and boothe the stalkis and eeris of corn ben turned in to rednesse. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) 3 Kings viii. 37 If hungur risith in the lond..ether corrupt eyr is, ether rust [L. aerugo], ether [MS a] locuste, ether myldew..if ony man..holdith forth hise hondis in this hows, thou schalt here in heuene. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxxvii. §51. 285 He gaf til rust [L. aerugini] the froitis of þaim. ?1558 T. Hill xi. sig. Eviiv When rust draweth nere on the herbes Beritius wylleth..to stirre vp much smoke rounde about. 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Añublo de trigo Rust of wheate, rubigo. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault v. xvii. 684 This corne is very subiect to rust, bicause it keepeth water in the huske. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Dict. in sig. b2v Rust, is the effect of Blasting or Mildew. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau i. xvi. 79 If the infected wheat is washed by a plentiful rain, the rust disappears almost entirely. 1808 C. Vancouver vii. 156 The early wheats..are generally found free from the rust. 1876 28 Dec. 189/1 The disease known as ‘rust’ which has been causing great havoc among the sugar-canes in Queensland. 1931 5 Nov. 14/7 There were also suggestions of rust developing [in wheat] in Argentina, owing to unusual humidity. 1974 E. Pollard et al. (1977) xv. 179 It is said, in the case of wheat rust, that early infection of cereals is in the neighbourhood of Berberis. 2005 Dec. 39/3 The ‘Roxton’ [leek] tastes delicious and is also resistant to rust and white tip disease. the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > rust-fungus 1801 32 68 Another is the uredo frumenti, in some countries called the rust. It may attack the stalk or the ear. 1813 H. Davy v. 233 The propagation of mildew, funguses, rust, and the small parasitical vegetables. 1881 C. Whitehead 58 There are special forms of these fungi, known as rust or brand. 1939 E. A. Bessey (new ed.) iv. 89 The similarity of these sori, except for the color, to those of Rusts led to the name ‘White Rust’ often applied to fungi of this genus [sc. Albugo]. 1976 19 Nov. 12/2 Beds of pelargoniums..heavily parasited by this rust. 1999 D. Ingram & N. Robertson 256 Autoecious... Of a fungus (usually a rust—Uredinales) which completes its life cycle on a single host species. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > [noun] > stained condition > stain > resembling rust 1684 R. Waller tr. 130 This stupifying of its force proceeds..rather from some fine Rust, or hoariness, as it were, contracted by the Amber, from the Salt. 1791 A. Radcliffe (1792) II. xxiii. 312 She had probably seen the very dagger, seen it stained with rust, the rust of blood! 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in 229 The rust of murder on the walls. 1908 Dec. 116/1 If you leave it overnight, the powder dirt will make a fine rust that you may never be able to get out. 1985 I. Khan (new ed.) xi. 135 They were dirty, caked with the rust of dry earth. 2000 (Nexis) 46 No. 1. 126 There was..a faint rust of Bein's blood still marring the pebbling of the linoleum. the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > brownish red 1716 J. Gay iii. 78 When the Sun veil'd in rust his mourning Head. 1893 25 Mar. 6/1 The sky had turned from grey to a deep, malignant rust. 1925 2 May 10 A fine brown and blue tweed, overchecked in rust. 1978 Nov. 85/1 (caption) This gently draped jersey dress in a rich shade of rust has a pierrot ruffled collar. 2000 A. Reynolds xiii. 216 The overall colour [of the planet] was a skullish grey, offset by scabs of rust and a few desultory chips of powder-blue near the equatorial zones. B. adj.the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > brownish-red 1854 L. A. Reeve VII. Helix Pl. CXCIII. Species 1357 Helix zosterophora... Shell..whitish, encircled with a single chestnut zone and two rust bands. 1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ 1 Nov. (1977) 197 Ottoline in a red hat on her rust hair. 1937 Mar. 116/2 There's pizazz in this rust evening coat. 1987 (National Geographic Soc.) (ed. 2) 262 Female [Belted Kingfisher] has rust belly band and flanks. 2005 Nov. 282/3 Her mother made sure she was dressed in her very best—a yellow print shirt and rust pants. Compounds C1. (Chiefly in sense A. 1a.) a. General attributive. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Alphabet. Dict. at Murry, in sig. Lll Rust colour. 1753 Suppl. (at cited word) Their stalks..seem burnt up, and appear of a sort of rust colour. 1865 M. Arnold tr. M. de Guérin in iii. 88 It looks desolate just now that all is bare and the woods are rust-colour. 1913 Z. Grey xi. 190 The red lava..was broken, sharp, dull rust color, full of cracks and caves and crevices. 2009 (Nexis) 8 Oct. d1 ‘I loved it,’ says Varvatos, whose Converse sneakers are now a rust color from his Austin weekend. 1853 A. Ure (ed. 4) I. 345 [Calico] Goods padded in iron liquor, dried, and then padded in a solution of chlorine containing a little free-lime, acquire a good rust ground. 1873 (U.S. Army Ordnance Mem. No. 15) 48 To be returned in season for the rust-test. 1921 June 11 (advt.) A special electrolytic zinc plating process, so effective that it will stand the government 48-hour rust tests. 2000 (Nexis) 21 May There's a salt water rust test for eyelets and buckles. 1828 A. Wilson VI. 68 Femorals long, tapering, and of the same pale rust tint. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. II. 254 Elevated nodules of a salmon or rust tint. 1994 50 11/2 UTA 32500..was a rusty brown ground color when collected and several hours later lost the rust tint. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. l. 187 (MED) The water that gooth thorgh the leden penne Is rust corrupt. c1450 (1900) 121 (MED) Þou hast ynow & sparyst it..in kepyng monye in exces, tyl it be ruste-fretyn. 1595 F. Sabie To Rdr. Their Authour, who will straitwayes fetch foorth an olde rust-eaten Halberd. 1601 R. Chester 29 Time that old rust-cankard wretch. 1628 T. May tr. Virgil i. 24 Rust-eaten piles and swords. a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes (1742) I. i. 4 A suit of armour which..being mouldy and rust-eaten, had lain by, many long years, forgotten in a corner. 1744 J. Armstrong i. 11 The rust-complexion'd man..whose blood is dry. 1804 J. Grahame 25 The blossoming pea, That climbs the rust-worn bars. 1868 F. H. Joynson 124 There are still some rust-preventing substances which cannot well be included amongst the coatings. 1891 A. Conan Doyle II. xix. 140 The dark hard-faced cavalier in the rust-stained jupon. 1922 J. Joyce ii. x. [Wandering Rocks] 232 A sailorman, rustbearded, sips from a beaker. 1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes (ed. 5) iii. 30 Iron in the form of rust-free filings..reduces the oxidation-reduction potential of liquid media. 1983 (Nexis) 1 Dec. A change to the Environmental Protection Act in 1976 deemed that all cans be made of ‘steel’—actually steel coated with rust-retardant tin. 1999 T. Gilling (2000) 76 Mrs Jakes's business regularly draws her to the rust-streaked gum tree opposite the shop of Messrs Lloyd and Lonsdale. 2009 (Nexis) 12 Apr. (Regional section) 2 Anyone who winds up with rust-stained laundry during the flushing process can get special cleaning instructions from the Water Division. c. Modifying colour words to form adjectives and nouns. a1762 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. from Other World in (1803) V. 267 I..am sensible how much you sacrifice to imaginary decency every time you put on that odious rust black. 1849 V–VI. 260 There are two races of sheep: one of a small size, and of a dun or rust-black colour; the other of larger size, and white. a1915 J. Joyce (1968) 15 I kissed her stocking and the hem of her rustblack dusty skirt. 2000 S. Holman 23 It is unmistakable against the earthen browns and rust blacks. 1788 J. Trusler III. 89 A rust-brown colour internally, but, hard and shining on the surface. 1862 C. R. Bree III. 78 The iris is rust brown. 1939 E. A. Bessey (new ed.) ii. 27 Among the endosporous Slime Molds mention should be made of Stemonitis , with purple or rust-brown spores. 2009 (Nexis) 18 Aug. White uniforms stained by the rust brown dust of the infield. 1811 Oct. 330 The internal part is woody, fibrous, and of a rust-red colour. 1937 V. Woolf 297 The down was soft rust-red on its wings. 1995 T. Parks 33 The entire ground floor..is paved in Tuscan cotto, a beautiful rust-red matte-finish tile. 1781 J. Barbut 180/1 The inferior ones, very short, are of a rust yellow. 1839 36 310 Antennae brownish above, rust-yellow at tip and beneath. 1875 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail (1899) I. 313 A shade or two of rust-yellows or buffs. 1938 13 145/2 Rust-yellow ash obtained from the cytoplasm of cells that are rich in iron. 1995 15 577/2 Three specimens with longitudinal narrow stripes of rust-yellow on pereipods. C2. 1684 R. Plot Minute 8 Feb., in R. T. Gunther 1925 IV. 36 Dr. Plot shew'd us some Rosemary balls, which are of ye nature of Mr. Lister's Rust-balls, and were dug in Staffordshire. 1751 T. Salmon (ed. 2) i. v. 128 They resemble our English Rust Balls; and when broke are full of Streaks from the Circumference to the Center. 1789 G. White 10 Among the blue rags turn up..every now and then balls of a friable substance, like rust of iron, called rust balls. 1902 C. Reid ii. 6 This belt of flintless or almost flintless chalk..is soft, often full of rust-balls or nodules of pyrites, and contains but few fossils. 2000 57 179/1 A hydria whose neck had been broken off in antiquity contained at least 3.5 kg of iron ‘rustballs’. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > western states > steel producing towns 1869 5 Aug. 93/3 A foreign demand for wheat and barley would set a good many farmers on their pins... The demand will not, of course, help those who rented lands within the rust belt. 1927 14 July 6/4 Although black rust in early stages has now become widespread thruout the whole rust belt, the rust is not showing an aggressive form. 1982 (Nexis) 30 Nov. Unemployment is extremely high..in many areas of the so-called ‘Rust Belt’, the heavy industry areas of the Midwest and parts of the Northeast. 1990 27 July 18/3 East Germany is a combination of backward agriculture and rustbelt which makes the most blighted parts of northern England and central Scotland look like Silicon Valley. 2006 1 177 (title) Global rust belt: Hemileia vatatrix and the ecological integration of world coffee production. 2006 16 May 47/2 If you were choosing a place to plant churches to meet demographic needs..you could not have done worse than the Rust Belt. 1937 May 11/8 Beneficial rains were reported in the winter wheat belt but failed to touch the rust bowl of the southwest. 1982 (Nexis) 30 July 1 The nation's industrial heartland is fast becoming a ‘rust bowl’, bringing back haunting images of desperate Americans migrating across the country in search of work during the 1930s. 1989 19 Aug. 51/3 In Kyushu and Hokkaido, the two regions hit hardest by Japan's own rustbowl effect, joblessness has remained stuck above 3%. 2009 (Nexis) 21 Nov. b8 To a nation entering economic crisis, the Midwest can only say, ‘Welcome’... The blight now looming has been a fact of life in the Midwestern Rust Bowl for at least a decade. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > old or useless vessel 1944 19 Apr. 6/6 Any sort of bad weather will stand us at a 35 degree angle... A destroyer is a stationary living-room sofa compared to one of these rust-buckets. 1965 23 Apr. 20/1 A motor mechanic yesterday described a car which broke in two as a ‘rust bucket’. 1979 F. Forsyth 7 The Garibaldi an amiable old rust-bucket out of Brindisi. 2008 R. Hill (2009) i. xvii. 180 Now shut up or I'll drop you here on the drive and let Lady Denham run you over with that rust bucket of hers. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > other kinds of cement or mortar 1830 P. Nicholson (new ed.) viii. 144 It is well known that neither cast-iron, nor the joints commonly made on it, with rust cement and bolts, can yield by any means. 1922 B. H. M. Hewet & S. Johannesson viii. 107 The waterproofing is done by means of calking with a rust cement or with lead. 1984 W. D. Haworth vi. 167 This groove is finally pointed with cement mortar, or with rust cement if it has been left with a clean machined surface. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > rust disease or condition of having 1816 G. Sinclair 140 Before the period of coming into flower, it [sc. the grass Festuca myurus] is invariably attacked with the rust disease. 1975 30 May 16/5 A team of scientists at Wye College has discovered in the tobacco plant a naturally produced fungicide effective against the ‘rust’ diseases which are commonly destructive to important food crops, vegetables and garden flowers. 2002 July 67/2 Yet another problem affecting daylily foliage is the recent appearance in this country of a rust disease. 1884 C. G. W. Lock 3rd Ser. 326/2 ‘Rust finish’ is the name given to the operation which produces the relief work for the figures. 1910 11 Sept. 5/2 A slight coating of rust serves to permit the concrete poured about the steel to ‘bite’ the reinforcement more firmly... The ‘rust finish’..is more desirable than the brightest mill scale. 1922 7 July 3/1 (advt.) Fiber furniture in the rust finish greatly reduced. 1951 27 Oct. 102/5 The phonographs..proved one of the attractions of the convention. One model featured a soft green, the other a rust finish. 1966 Dec. 14/1 This durable high tensile steel..takes paint well, but Eero Saarinen used it first with a natural rust finish in his Deare Company building. 2003 July 110/2 I like the natural weathered look so we give each piece a rust finish and then seal it with clear lacquer. the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > causing disease in plants > rust-fungus 1841 2 12 I have observed this fungus intermixed with the rust-fungi in a way which strengthens my opinion that they are identical. 1951 (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1580/1 Weymouth Pine Rust is a disease of 5-needled pines caused by the aecidial stage of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. 2001 13 Oct. (Suppl.) 18/8 The rust fungus, or Puccinia myrsiphylli, has survived its first full cycle in the Australian bush and established itself as a predator on the Bridal Creeper weed. 1900 19 May 340/2 Once within and adjacent to the rust hyphæ, the parasitism begins. 1909 W. Bateson (new ed.) 25 Miss Marryat found that the rust-hyphae are checked before entering the stomata of the resistant plants. 2004 96 615 The actual mycoparasitic nature of the genus is indicated on an ultrastructural level by a remarkable cellular interaction between Tuberculina and rust hyphae. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > joint made by > types of 1839Rust joint [see sense A. 1d]. 1865 G. W. Gesner (ed. 2) viii. 173 In making rust-joints, as the iron cementing is called. 2004 D. Shaohi in M. Wieland et al. 356 The weathered joint plane laboratory test indicated that the values f' and c' of rust joint plane decreased by 7% and 22% respectively. 1880 Aug. 206/2 I visited a young grove (Mr. Cash's grove) infested by the Rust-mite. 1971 C. Johansen in R. E. Pfadt (ed. 2) iv. 95 With two pairs of legs on anterior end..; phytophaghous..rust mites: Eriophyidae. 2000 Nov. 15/2 In studies around the country, codling moths, apple maggots, plum curculio..and rust mites..have fled whitewashed crops in search of greener pastures. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > resistance of plant to disease the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > rust disease or condition of having > quality of not being liable to society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > other qualities 1892 No. 19. 15 Returning to the question of rust-resistance, it is hardly likely that a rust-proof oat will ever be obtained. 1940 J. C. Hudson ii. 10 The use of rust-resisting steels has hitherto..been confined to definite fields of service, in which rust resistance is of primary importance. 1997 (Nexis) 7 May 73 ‘The main goal was to improve rust resistance,’ Garrison said. Rust is a fungus disease to which asparagus is highly susceptible. 2010 (Nexis) 27 Mar. 9 This watering can is made from galvanised metal for rust resistance. the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > resistant to disease society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [adjective] > rust-resistant 1891 May 502 The proportion of strength giving tissue is greatest in rust resistant varieties. 1909 (U.S. Dept. Agr. Office Public Roads) 17 The metallurgical and economic problems involved in the manufacture of rust-resistant steel. 1964 Jan. 29 Rust-resistant, lightweight, aluminium ladder. 1981 (Nexis) 18 July i. 21 Although newer cars are said to resist rust for up to 10 years..it is best to be skeptical, as the rust-resistant coatings have not been tested by time. 2001 Feb. 74/4 A rust-resistant leek. the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > resistant to disease society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [adjective] > resistant to staining or rusting society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [adjective] > rust-resistant 1868 J. G. Wood I. xi. 93 The Kaffir knife and axe—rust-resisting property. 1891 R. Wallace iv. 72 A sample of rust-resisting wheat from Queensland. 1962 3 332 ‘Stainless steel’ (more correctly ‘rust-resisting steel’) is now familiar in both domestic and industrial applications. 2006 G. Pearson 63/1 Coslettising producing a black, rust-resisting surface on iron and steel. 1823 J. Farmer & J. B. Moore 18 Sulphuret of iron.., by the action of atmospheric agents, produces an iron-rust stain, which destroys the beauty of the material.] 1837 27 Oct. 1/3 The voluntarious hammers..shall crumble..and leave no memorial of their being but the rust stains and the rents in the garments they had contaminated. 1890 14 Mar. 61/2 When out on parade in the rain the scabbard of my sword bayonet rubbed against my stripes and caused a rust stain. 1939 M. Hoffman xvi. 263 Use galvanized wire to avoid rust stains. 2003 G. Burn (2004) i. 19 The gates themselves had long disappeared: rust stains on the square stone columns..were the only sign they had ever been there. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rustn.2 Origin: Formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: rusty adj.2 Etymology: Back-formation < rusty adj.2, perhaps arising from folk-etymological association with rust n.1 Now rare. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > bacon > types of 1641 T. Jordan sig. C3v Though his Roof afford No Gun, it is defended by the Sword Of glorious Bacon, which in rust hangs by. 1794 J. Walters Rust of bacon. 1845 B. Disraeli II. iii. iii. 46 There's a very nice flitch hanging up in the engine-room; the men wanted some rust for the machinery. 1882 xxiii. 264/1 Take ½ lb. streaky bacon, trim it free of rind and rust, cut it in slips, and let it blanch for five minutes in boiling water. 1908 L. Whitling x. 202 Remove any skin and gristle, also the rind and rust from the bacon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rustn.3Origin: Formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: rusty adj.3 Etymology: Back-formation < rusty adj.3 colloquial and English regional ( East Anglian). Now chiefly historical. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > temperament > [verb (intransitive)] > be or become restive 1785 F. Grose at Nab To nab the rust, a jockey term for a horse that becomes restive. 1787 G. Colman I. 201 His brown horse, Orator, took rust, ran out of the course, and was distanced. 1837 P. Hawker (1893) II. 127 My horse..shied at a road waggon, and then ‘took the rust’, which I fetched out of him instanter. 1860 (ed. 2) 204 To nab the rust, to take offence. 1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy (Eastern Daily Press) 65 That I know ont sute the old chap (master), whose temper is as short as piecrust, and will sune nab the rust when things go ungain. 2006 P. Muldoon 19 The dragoon nonplussed by his charger taking the rust. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rustv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rust n.1 Etymology: < rust n.1 Compare West Frisian rustje, rustkje, roastje, roastkje, Middle Dutch, Dutch roesten, Middle Low German rusten, rosten, rüsten, Old High German rostēn, rosten (Middle High German rosten, German rosten), Norwegian ruste, Old Swedish, Swedish rosta, early modern Danish, Danish ruste. I. Senses relating to rust n.1 I. 1. the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > become corroded > rust the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > be polluted [verb (intransitive)] > become incrusted or furred > rust ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Þis lutle leste ende. Of alle cuðe sunnen as..of lete þinges mulin. rustin. oðer rotin. c1300 St. Bartholomew (Laud) l. 120 in C. Horstmann (1887) 370 (MED) Ake þat tresor þat ich of telle þat is heouene riche, Þat ne roustez [a1325 Corpus Cambr. rousteþ] ne a-peirez nouȝt. c1384 (Royal) (1850) James v. 3 Ȝoure gold and siluer hath rustid [L. æruginavit]. c1425 (c1400) 8182 (MED) I trowe that roste schal oure knyues, When we haue no bred for to kerue. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 11437 (MED) A swerd..Whan men take noon hed ther-to..rusteth. 1509 A. Barclay (Pynson) f. xl Were nat proude clothynge, and also flesshely lust All the feters and gyues of Englonde shulde rust. 1530 J. Palsgrave 696/1 Your knyfe wyll ruste, and you wyppe it nat after salte meates. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iii. 338 Rust sword, coole blushes, and Parrolles liue Safest in shame. View more context for this quotation 1695 J. Collier 137 The best Metals will rust, by lying under Ground, and lose their Colour, unless brightned by Use. a1774 O. Goldsmith (1776) II. 35 In these places gold is actually found to rust. 1793 W. Cowper 11 Thy needles..Now rust disus'd, and shine no more. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxvi. ii, in 98 No more shall..the cannon-bullet rust on a slothful shore. 1878 T. H. Huxley (ed. 2) 75 Although they do not rust at ordinary temperatures, they may be caused to rust more or less rapidly. 1921 10 Jan. 11/1 Articles made of iron and steel will rust if exposed to air and the weather. 1941 Jan. 216/1 If the tin roofs..should rust away, then the old practice of using neatly woven pandanus must return. 1984 Mar. 122/2 Slates may start to slip if the nails holding them in place rust through. 2004 J. Varley vi. 50 Does having a better grade of car..rusting out in your front yard qualify as being more prosperous? the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > corrode or erode > rust the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)] > incrust or fur > rust 1587 T. Churchyard sig. M4 O Tract of Tyme, that all consumes to dust,..The fayrest Sword, or mettall thou wilt rust. 1596 E. Spenser v. ix. sig. T8v But at her feet her sword was likewise layde, Whose long rest rusted the bright steely brand. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) i. ii. 60 Keepe vp your bright swords, for the dew will rust em. 1644 K. Digby i. xv. 136 Brasse and iron..are easily rusted by salt dissoluing vpon them. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) The Air apparently rusts Bodies, but 'tis only in Virtue of the Water it contains. 1815 J. Smith II. 350 This gas..is evolved in every instance in which metals are tarnished or rusted by moisture. 1879 R. A. Proctor xv. 348 Its power of oxidizing or rusting metals..is much greater than that which oxygen possesses. 1948 M. Schorer et al. 487 Like the elements of which we are composed, the action of these forces extends beyond us; it rusts iron and ripens corn. 1989 21 Oct. 28/2 The appearance..of a corrosive mist that rusted exposed surfaces of aluminium. 2001 J. Baker iii. 62 Prolonged exposure to the elements rusts metal parts and dulls the edges of cutting tools, spades, rakes, and hoes. 2. the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by want of use or neglect a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 1568 (MED) Al þair luf þai gaue to lust, þai did þair sauls all to rust. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 504 If a preest be foul in whom we truste No wonder is a lewed man to ruste. a1450 (1969) l. 523 Whoso wyl drawe to Lykynge and Luste And as a fole in Foly ruste. 1557 R. Edgeworth Repert. Better it is to shine with laboure, then to rouste for idlenes. 1599 A. Hume Christian Precepts in sig. I2v Exercise thy selfe in the law, of the Lord continuallie,..least thou rowst like yron. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas i. vi. 169 A pregnant Witt, Which rusts and duls, except it subiect find Worthy it's worth, wheron it self to grinde. 1629 W. Davenant i. i Let now the knotty Laborer rust with ease. 1636 T. Cranley cxix. 47 Although thy sinne doth glister, and looke bright,..Twill canker eate thy heart, and make it rust. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ 76 Luxuriant and wanton times cause Princes like iron to rust for want of use. 1692 J. Dryden i. i. 5 Then must I rust in Ægypt, never more Appear in Arms? 1727 M. Davys 58 That fine Quality [sc. good sense]..was confined to a narrow Closet, starving and rusting for want of Food and Exercise. a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. ii. 412 When people come into a situation of perfect ease and security, with nothing ever to vex or ruffle them, they quickly rust in idleness. 1781 W. Cowper 546 Neglected talents rust into decay. 1840 4 Apr. 88/1 Better to ‘wear out’ than to ‘rust out’ has been truly said. 1885 79 68/2 His fine abilities rusting from disuse. 1911 A. L. Haydon xx. 388 After he has served me I send him back, knowing that I can get him again if needful, and that in the meantime he won't be rusting. 1968 31 100 The missionaries believed that the new literates that they produced allowed their skills to rust away from want of use. 2009 (Nexis) Aug. 21 Their presentation skills have grown weak and their talent for interpersonal communication has rusted. the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > cause to be idle or inactive [verb (transitive)] > occupy oneself triflingly with > waste (time) in trifling activity the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > be idle or unoccupied [verb (reflexive)] > waste in idleness 1604 A. Craig sig. B1 Long desuetude hath rusted so my quill. 1773 J. Herries ii. i. 102 The edge of our faculties is seldom worn out by use, but it is very often rusted away by sloth. 1853 W. Jerdan III. vi. 67 [He] appeared..to be rusting away a life which might be serviceable to his country. 1887 M. E. Braddon I. vii. 178 We must not rust away our lives here. 1894 G. M. Fenn i. 36 I'm not going to rust myself away. 1912 J. C. Wise p. xxiv Let him not rust his mental faculties, for in peace the textbook and the pen must serve as the military lubricant. 1986 12 May 32/1 Physical fitness! It's far better to wear oneself out than to rust oneself out. the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (transitive)] society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > affect with wasting disease [verb (transitive)] 1493 (Pynson) ii. sig. Ci v/2 So by louly confession of thy mouthe, thou must rubbe of the foule spottes of synne that are rustyd in thy soule. ?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron xxxi. 95 With time it [sc. sorrow] rusteth and fenoweth the soule. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil 55 The Sire of Gods and Men..Himself did Handy-Crafts and Arts ordain; Nor suffer'd Sloath to rust his active Reign. View more context for this quotation 1753 S. Richardson I. xxxvi. 255 The good sense of this real fine gentleman is not, as I can find, rusted over by sourness, by moroseness. 1778 J. Beattie in A. Ross (ed. 2) Ded. p. v O may the roupe ne'er roust thy weason! 1839 J. H. Newman IV. xxii. 374 The breath of the world has a peculiar power in..rusting the soul. 1885 R. Clark App. 371 Rusting the intellect which God has given him by employing it in defrauding his nearest female relations. 1901 R. W. Buchanan II. 371 Such a weight of work As pales the cheek and rusts the wholesome blood. 1961 L. MacNeice 32 High King Brian whose eighty years, Caught in a web of largely his own intrigue, Soured him with power and rusted him with blood. the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [verb (transitive)] > render old-fashioned 1694 J. Addison Acct. Greatest Eng. Poets in 318 Age has Rusted what the Poet writ, Worn out his Language, and obscur'd his Wit. 1855 E. Smedley et al. i. 64 These verses are..so little rusted by antiquity of language, that we do not hesitate to subjoin them entire. 1913 W. Stebbing I. 219 He descended from Parnassus into the arena of political and theological controversy... That has rusted with age much of his work. II. Senses relating to rust n.1 II. 5. the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > become red [verb (intransitive)] > become brownish red ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives i. ix. sig. Iv Al the fauoure of the face waxeth olde, and the breath stynketh, and the tethe rusten. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xc. 28 in (1998) II. 136 The hearb that early groweth,..Eu'ning chang with ruine moweth, And laies to rost in withering aire. 1842 Ld. Tennyson 100 When the bracken rusted on their crags. 1882 ‘Ouida’ I. viii. 191 The gold of the sunflower wanes and rusts. 1979 P. Mortimer iv. 65 It was..early September, the apples not yet ripe, the leaves rusting. 2005 (Nexis) 7 Sept. 30 Heather..fades and bracken rusts across the encircling southern slopes of Yr Aran. the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > make red [verb (transitive)] > make brownish red 1623 P. Massinger v. i. sig. L3v But that I scorne a slaues base blood shold rust that sword That from a Prince expects a scarlet dye, Thou now wert dead. 1665 J. Crowne ii. 234 I'll not suffer an Innocents blood to rust that Sword of justice, that hath hitherto been kept bright. 1796 R. Southey iv. 127 By no hostile blade Defaced, and rusted by no hostile blood. 1801 R. Southey II. viii. 92 The sun, and the wind, and the rain Had rusted his raven locks. 1883 S. Gale tr. M. M. V. Tissot & C. Améro xxxiv. 349 The snow appeared here and there to be..rusted by red lichens, or else tinted green or yellow by a flora of rudimentary cryptogams. 1956 S. Plath (1981) 47 Arena dust rusted by four bulls' blood to a dull redness. 2003 E. Grossman tr. G. G. Márquez 22 The almond trees rusted by the sun. the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > become corroded > rust > form a rust 1595 W. Shakespeare i. iii. 51 And this thy sonnes bloud cleauing to my blade, Shall rust vpon my weapon. 1853 ‘S. Schickhardus’ 24 The Blind Would shriek that damning blot to find! There rusts the blood from that dread knife. 1912 Jan. 12/1 The ink was as yet scarcely rusted on the pens. 7. the world > plants > disease or injury > affect with disease or atmospheric conditions [verb (transitive)] 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau i. xvi. 84 Bad effects from feeding cattle with fodder which has been rusted. 1785 4 106 The wheat, in general, has had a slight mildew, which has rusted the straw. 1861 24 Sept. Three-fourths of the crop [of hops] will be of the best quality; the remainder was rusted by spiders towards the end of last month. 1919 40 During this time practically all harmful barberries found in the state have been rusted. 1936 1 Mar. (Automotive section) 1/1 The gophers, the birds, and the sea fogs that rusted the wheat conspired against the plan to make Fort Ross a source of..food-stuffs. the world > plants > disease or injury > be diseased, injured, or discoloured [verb (intransitive)] 1839 Apr. 53/3 When wheat is sown on land exhausted by frequent and shoal ploughing, it will produce smut, or the straw will rust, and the kernel blight. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 415 in (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The wheat rusted badly on the blade and slightly on the stalk. 1880 485 All northern-grown wheat will rust. 1906 S. W. Fletcher 189 Place more reliance on non-susceptible varieties than upon spraying, which does not keep some varieties from rusting. 1922 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 44 142 Haynes Bluestem..has rusted severely with a consequent low bushel weight. 1982 19 May 14 a/3 Each year we lose one to two varieties of wheat. If it rusts one year, it will rust the next year. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rustv.2Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English hrystan, hyrstan; English *gehrystan, gehyrstan. Etymology: Probably the reflex of either Old English hrystan or *gehrystan (compare y- prefix), respectively variants (without metathesis) of Old English hyrstan and gehyrstan to decorate, to ornament, cognate with Middle Dutch rusten to equip, fit out (Dutch †rusten ), Middle Low German rusten to equip, to arm, Old High German hrusten , rusten to equip, fit out, to decorate, to arm (Middle High German rüsten , rusten , German rüsten ) < the same West Germanic base as (with metathesis) Old English hyrst ornament, equipment, armour, and (without metathesis) Old High German hrust armour, armament, equipment < an ablaut variant of the same Germanic base as Old English hrēodan to adorn, probably ultimately showing an extended form of the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian krauti and Old Church Slavonic kryti (see crypt n.).It is unclear whether the past participle form irust represents a prefixed or an unprefixed verb, i.e. irusten or rusten. Obsolete. rare. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 12882 He bar..ænne sceld an his rugge, i-rust al mid golde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2021). <  n.1adj.eOE n.21641n.31785v.1?c1225 v.2c1275 |
