Russian.
/ˈrʌʃə/, U.S. /ˈrəʃə/ I. Compounds.† 4. Russia ashes n. Obsolete impure potash from Russia.† 8. Russia musquash n. Obsolete rare (the fur of) the Russian desman, Desmana moschata.
1.
a. Russia hemp n. now rare hemp produced in Russia.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > hemp > types of
fimble hemp1484
carl hemp?1523
henequen1555
steel hemp1604
Rusband1633
Riga rhine1639
Russia hemp1663
pass-hemp1742
chucking1785
Manila1826
sisal1827
sisal hemp1828
moorva1855
outshot1858
pass1858
carl doddie1868
outshots1880
1663 S. Pepys Diary 6 June (1971) IV. 175 To see the orders about the Russia Hemp that is to be fetched from Archangell.
1765 E. Quincy Treat. Hemp-husb. 10 Russia Hemp..is justly estimated in general inferiour to what may be produced in all or most of these colonies.
1850 Times 19 Jan. 4/2 We wished to know..on what principle we might buy Russia hemp, and tallow, and corn, and sell Russia the materials of military uniforms and weapons of war.
1942 Bull. Business Hist. Soc. 16 94 The goods handled fall into the following groups... Twine,..Scotch thrums, oakum, hemp, Russia hemp, Kentucky hemp.
b. Russia linen n. now historical and rare a kind of linen fabric made in Russia.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > from specific place of origin
Holland1427
minsters1481
tregarc1610
roan1617
Strasbourg linen1635
quentin1688
garlits1696
Ghenting1699
platilla1699
Russia linen1728
Russia crash1831
Ruskin linen1890
1728 H. Crouch Compl. View Brit. Customs II. 145 (heading) Muscovia or Russia linen.
1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. 577 The principal commodities that are brought from Astrakhan to the ports of the Caspian, are..russia linens, velvet, glassware, [etc.].
1853 M. Richardson Horsemanship vi. 78 Russia towelling or coarse Russia linen forms the best bandage for the wet, and strong close-grained Scotch sheeting..for the dry.
1906 Good Housek. 42 77/1 Those who possess mission furniture may cover their old oak tables with runners made of Russia linen in putty color, light gray or ecru.
1921 S. E. Morison Maritime Hist. Mass. xvi. 254 Sails were now made of Lowell cotton duck, instead of Russia linen or baggy, porous hemp.
c. Russia drab n. now historical a coarse unbleached hemp fabric, formerly used esp. for inexpensive durable clothing.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric from specific place > [noun]
irislams1375
westvale1383
hinderland1465
ypir?1517
Normandy1529
Ghentish1545
mant1575
Scots cloth1581
northerna1592
turquesques1594
Westphalia1612
nilla1614
phota1616
Norwich stuff1618
Venus1629
nicanee1652
East India1659
caffoy1678
Bengal1681
Mantua1699
coffoy1703
Chello1712
negannepaut1725
Russia drab1741
Wilton1744
toile de Jouy1784
sorting-cloth1847
rum-swizzle1851
sarong1858
Yokohama1879
Turkoman1881
Mexican1883
kanga1895
Milanese1926
leso1961
1741–2 ‘C. Strongcastle’ Ess. to prevent Exportation of Wool 4 The Importation of Russia Drab, a strong Sort of Linnen Cloth, which is much wore for Mens Cloaths.
1879 J. T. Scharf Hist. Maryland II. xviii. 101 In..some advertisements of runaway servants,..we find mention of..Russia drab frocks, Durroy coats, and many others.
1987 Costume 21 65 The Russia drab coats and breeches and linsey-woolsey gowns and petticoats supplied by the County Gaol at Reading.
d. Russia sheeting n. now historical a plain weave hemp linen.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > other
lewyn1360
crest-clothc1430
homplec1450
busk1458
kreyscloth1507
middlegood1567
botano1604
Britannias1699
green cloth1700
tandem1747
Russia sheeting1749
damassé1864
1749 Enq. Conditions Premiums Manuf. Sheeting 3 The Dutch and Russia Sheetings have..met with the deserved Encouragement in England.
1887 Philadelphia Rec. Almanac Feb. 9/1 Pudding cloths should be squares of thick new Russia sheeting.
1992 C. Gilman Grand Portage Story i. 8 Their white tents of Russia sheeting seemed to a visitor in 1793 to be ‘pitched at random’.
e. Russia duck n. now historical a strong linen duck (duck n.3).
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > canvas > thin or fine
pickling1415
Russia duck1761
scrim1793
1761 C. Dalrymple Mil. Ess. i. ii. 38 A pair of strong Russia duck gaters.
1822 M. Edgeworth Let. 6 Feb. (1971) 344 His Russia duck jacket and trowzers.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 429/2 Russia Duck, this is a description of strong coarse linen Jean, made for trouserings, and having its origin in Russia.
1995 S. Reid King George's Army (1996) III. 46 Originally white Russia duck jackets were worn but in 1792 dark blue cloth ones were authorised for use in winter.
f. Russia crash n. now historical = Russian crash n. at Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > from specific place of origin
Holland1427
minsters1481
tregarc1610
roan1617
Strasbourg linen1635
quentin1688
garlits1696
Ghenting1699
platilla1699
Russia linen1728
Russia crash1831
Ruskin linen1890
1831 Frederick Town (Maryland) Herald 29 Oct. 1/2 (advt.) Russia diaper and crash.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 429/1 Russia Crash, a coarse linen, or hempen textile, derived from Russia, or made of Russian hemp.
1939 Bedford (Iowa) Times-Press 6 July 8/2 (advt.) 18 inch bleached Russia crash.
2.
a. Russia mat n. now rare a bast mat made from Russia matting.
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the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > fibre or cloth to tie plants
tack1545
Russia mat1737
shreds1796
mat1824
raffia1850
fillis1900
1737 T. Bacon Compl. Syst. Revenue Ireland 268 Russia Mats, and all Commodities of the Growth, Product, or Manufacture of Muscovy or Russia, are under the same Regulation as to their Importation with Masts.
1856 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 28 Nov. 18/2 The bast now chiefly used is that employed for making Russia mats.
1910 Hull (Sioux County, Iowa) Index 4 Feb. 3/5 The crop [sc. mint] is left on the ground after cutting to dry, and then packed in Russia mats and carried to the distillery.
b. Russia matting n. now historical matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the lime tree; bast.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > other
bark-clothc1440
sedge-rug1592
grass cloth1638
medrinaque1704
Russia matting1773
gnatoo1817
tapa1823
vegetable flannel1840
rabanna1863
kapa1909
1773 J. Ellis Some Addit. Observ. on Preserving Seeds 10 The top of the basket..is to be worked over the plants with loose wicker-work, or hoops, and then covered with Russia matting.
1839 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. V. 504 The nest..has uniformly been built of Russia matting.
1999 J. V. Haney Compl. Russ. Folktale I. ii. 25 The bast was sold in nineteenth-century England as Russia-matting.
3.
a. Russia iron n. now historical a sheet iron with a lustrous blue-black coating of oxide.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron
landiron1428
wood-iron1536
bullate1591
bullet-iron1686
tough-iron1686
Russia iron1751
Russian iron1758
sable1785
Russia1805
stub-iron1820
bushel-iron1831
Russia sheet-iron1835
stub-nail iron1839
stub Damascus1845
Berlin iron1854
charcoal-iron1858
Bessemer iron1864
tank-iron1864
ship-plate1873
ingot iron1877
tank-plate1892
structural1895
Armco1914
1751 London Mag. 20 App. 597/2 Russia iron.
1756 Case Importation Bar-iron 9 Both Swedish and Russia Iron, being Subject to the Controll of their respective Governments before Exportation, may be stopped at Pleasure.
1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 729 Russia iron is the best material for home made sap pans.
1901 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 12 Oct. 8/7 (advt.) ‘Famous’ Air-Tights [sc. stoves]. Built for light service... Made of Russia iron.
2003 R. E. Mohowski N.Y., Susquehanna & Western Railroad vi. 63 Both of these locomotives appear to have jacketing of Russia iron.
b. Russia sheet-iron n. now historical = Russia iron n. at sense 3a.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron
landiron1428
wood-iron1536
bullate1591
bullet-iron1686
tough-iron1686
Russia iron1751
Russian iron1758
sable1785
Russia1805
stub-iron1820
bushel-iron1831
Russia sheet-iron1835
stub-nail iron1839
stub Damascus1845
Berlin iron1854
charcoal-iron1858
Bessemer iron1864
tank-iron1864
ship-plate1873
ingot iron1877
tank-plate1892
structural1895
Armco1914
1835 B. Seymour 2 Dec. in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. (1836) July 36 This machine and art is intended to be applied to the manufacturing of an article of sheet iron, similar to the article known as Russia sheet iron.
1958 J. H. Peirce in H. Comstock Conc. Encycl. Amer. Antiques 182 Air-tight stoves: usually oval in shape and made of Russia sheet iron.
2004 M. N. Lurie & M. Mappen Encycl. New Jersey 92/3 In 1850 Boyden produced ‘Russia’ sheet-iron.
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the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > potassium > [noun] > compounds > others
hepar sulphuris or hepar sulphur1694
white flux1741
Russia ashes1753
pots1837
potash-lime1856
sinigrin1876
1753 W. Lewis New Dispensatory Index 625/2 Russia ashes.
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Russia ashes, the impure potash, as imported from Russia.
1829 Newcastle Courant 12 Sept. 1/3 On Sale, Riga Rhine Hemp,..Russia Ashes [etc.].
5. Russia oil n. oil extracted from birch bark, often used to preserve Russia leather.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils
oil de baya1398
oil roseta1400
alkitranc1400
laurinec1400
oil of spicac1400
seed oil1400
rape oil1420
nut-oil?c1425
masticine?1440
oil de rose?1440
oil of myrtine?a1450
gingellya1544
rose oil1552
alchitrean1562
oil of spike1577
oil of ben1594
myrtle oil1601
sesamus1601
sampsuchine1616
oil of walnuts1622
rape1641
oil of rhodium1649
rapeseed oil1652
neroli1676
oil of mace1681
spirit of scurvy-grass1682
beech-oil1716
poppy oil1737
castor oil1746
oil of sassafras1753
orange-peel oil1757
wood-oil1759
bergamot1766
sunflower oil1768
Russia oil1773
oil castor1779
tung-yu1788
poppy-seed oil1799
cocoa butter1801
sassafras oil1801
phulwara1805
oil of wine1807
grass oil1827
oil of marjoram1829
cajuput oil1832
essence of mustarda1834
picamar1835
spurge oil1836
oenanthic ether1837
tea oil1837
capnomor1838
cinnamon-oil1838
oil of mustard1838
orange-flower oil1838
resinein1841
mustard oil1844
myrrhol1845
styrol1845
oenanthol1847
shea butter1847
wintergreen1847
gaultheria oil1848
ginger-grass oil.1849
nutmeg oil1849
pine oil1849
peppermint oil1850
cocoa fat1851
orange oil1853
neem oil1856
poonga oil1857
xanthoxylene1857
crab-oil1858
illupi oil1858
Shanghai oil1861
stand oil1862
mustard-seed oil1863
carap oilc1865
cocum butter or oilc1865
Kurung oil1866
muduga oil1866
pichurim oil1866
serpolet1866
sumbul oil1868
sesame oil1870
niger oil1872
summer yellow1872
olibene1873
patchouli oil1875
pilocarpene1876
styrolene1881
tung oil1881
becuiba tallow1884
soy oil1884
tea-seed oil1884
eucalyptus1885
sage oil1888
hop-oil1889
cotton-seed oil1891
lemon oil1896
palmarosa oil1897
illipe butter1904
hydnocarpus oil1905
tung1911
niger seed oil1917
sun oil1937
vanaspati1949
fennel oil-
1773 Art of tanning & currying Leather 198 The Russian leather being thus printed, is smeared with Russia oil.
1813 M. R. Mitford 31 Mar. in Life (1870) I. vii. 226 I must remind you to bring poor old Mudder a bottle of Russia oil to cure her grey locks.
1911 Court of Customs Appeals Rep. 1 126 It does contain..oil of sweet birch,..which is often erroneously spoken of as the source of ‘russia’ oil, which is a distillation from the bark of the white birch.
2007 J. Strachan Advertising & Satirical Culture in Romantic Period v. 206 A puff collateral for Prince's..claimed all three virtues for its Russia Oil.
6.
a. Russia band n. a band (band n.1 2b) made of Russia leather.
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1771 Invoice (R. Cary & Co.) 3 Dec. in G. Washington Papers (1993) VIII. 563 1 Ledger..in vel. Marb: lind Rusa Bands & 2 Strong Clasps.]
?1782 Pearson & Rollason sell Following Articles (single sheet) 1 Ledgers bound in the strongest Manner, with stout Russia Bands.
1852 Rep. Juries Exhib. 1851 II. xvii. 953 The larger books are in general neatly worked with Russia bands, which add both to their appearance and durability.
1999 P. L. Fleming & S. Alston Early Canad. Printing 521 The same price as binding it up in eight volumes in rough calf, Russia bands.
b. Russia calf n. a high-quality kind of Russia leather made from calfskin.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > Russia leather
Muscovy hide1604
Muscovy leather1604
Russia leather1632
Russian leather1642
Russia1724
yuft1799
Russia calf1807
Russian1848
1807 W. H. Ireland Stultifera Navis xxx. 121 The bindings..Fine gilt morocco, russia calf.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 194b/3 Men's Hard Cash Lace, best Russia Calf, latest Ox Blood..color.
1957 G. B. Taplin Life Elizabeth Barrett Browning i. 20 In this small volume of 230 pages bound in diced Russia calf she commented on about fifty different works.
2007 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 15 Apr. 3 The ‘Russia calf’ used to make them [sc. shoes] comes from the wreck of the Catharina Von Flensburg, which sank in 1786.
c. Russia-bound adj. of a book: bound in Russia leather.
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society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [adjective]
full-bound1705
super-extra1774
half-bound1775
Etruscan1792
antique1794
Russia-bound1808
vellum-bound1836
vellum-covered1836
quarter-bound1842
cloth-bound1860
limp1863
cottage1874
monastic1880
parchment-bound1881
yapped1882
all along1888
Grolieresque1889
Maioli1890
perfect1890
treed calf1892
Lyonnais1893
hardback1894
dos-à-dos1952
perfect bound1960
spiral-bound1961
spiral1977
1808 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 902/2 An octavo Russia-bound volume (probably a copy of this very play).
1846 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 6th Ser. 103 An elegant morocco or russia-bound book.
1904 Cosmopolitan Feb. 473/1 In the little Russia-bound book which I kept locked in my desk, I had now collected names of a great number of men of intellectual distinction.
1990 B. B. Higginbotham Our Past Preserved ii. 25 Those who persisted in this belief recommended interfiling russia-bound volumes throughout the collection.
d. Russia binding n. binding (for a book) made of Russia leather; also as a count noun.
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society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun]
antiquing1728
royal binding1808
Russia binding1817
gothique1818
half-binding1821
Roxburghe1839
paper cover1843
trade binding1874
tree-calf1879
Grolier1880
yapp1883
cloth-work1885
publisher's binding1885
tree-marble1885
treed calf1892
presentation binding1893
quarter leather1894
quarter calf1896
three-quarter binding1897
library binding1903
circuit-binding1909
publisher's cloth1911
quarter binding1912
loose back1923
open back1923
spring-back1923
spiral binding1949
1817 T. F. Dibdin Bibliogr. Decameron II. 510 Specimens of his own russia-bindings.
1861 G. W. Curtis Trumps xiv. 79 Bending over large books in odoriferous red Russia binding, and little books in leather covers.
1911 Times 11 Mar. 7/6 The ‘Benedictional’ has been despoiled of its rich covering, and is in old Russia binding.
1990 H. M. Otness Shakespeare Folio Handbk. & Census iii. 26 Brown diced russia binding..in crimson morocco solander case.
7. Russia braid n. a narrow braid with two parallel interwoven cores, frequently used as trim in military uniforms, etc.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > ornamental textiles > ornamental trimmings > [noun] > braid > specific
parchment lace1542
lace1548
lacing1593
Naples lace1612
mignonette1721
struntain1793
French braid1809
lacet1822
Russia braid1825
Russian braid1839
soutache1856
mignardise1868
galloon1877
rickrack1880
Greek braid1894
vermicelli braid1904
tracing-braid1906
Paris binding1918
oak-leaf braid1934
1825 Times 21 Oct. 4/5 (advt.) The Stock in Trade consists of..Russia braids, silk and cotton laces,..with numerous other articles.
1908 Pall Mall Mag. 42 (Suppl.) 3/2 The coat was richly braided in wide black braid, helped out with the narrow Russia braid.
2004 Herbert River (Austral.) Express (Nexis) 3 July 1 Melissa's..ensemble was complemented by a fingertip-length veil trimmed with Russia braid.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of musk-rat
muskrat1666
Russia musquash1882
musquash1884
musquash sealskin1902
Hudson Bay seal1914
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 429/2 Russia Musquash (Fiber zibethicus), this animal is also known as the Perewiaska.
II. Simple uses.† 11. = Russia iron n. at sense 3a. Obsolete.
9. = Russia leather n. In later use chiefly with lower-case initial. Also attributive.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > Russia leather
Muscovy hide1604
Muscovy leather1604
Russia leather1632
Russian leather1642
Russia1724
yuft1799
Russia calf1807
Russian1848
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > materials > leather
roan1383
Turkey leather1655
sheep1705
Turkey1715
Russia1724
rough calf1730
law1738
mottled calf1857
pastegrain1880
Rutland1894
Cambridge calf1895
Niger morocco1898
Niger1946
1724 C. Davis Catal. Libraries Edward Marshall 11 A large Church Bible,..with fine Cuts bound in Russia and rul'd.
1759 T. Osborne Catal. Libraries Edmund Sawyer (title page) Great Numbers of them on the large Paper, in Morocco, Russia, and other Rich Bindings.
1818 H. Parry Art of Bookbinding 45 Mark the paper into squares from point to point each way, and then lay it exactly on the russia.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. v. xxxvi. 92 An enormous log fire, with the scent of russia from the books, made the great room as warmly odorous as a private chapel.
1926–7 AANS Catal. 242/1 Ladies Riding Whips, Cut With Russia Handles.
1946 E. Diehl Bookbinding II. xxii. 327 When leathers such as calf, sheep, or russia are used, they should be paste-washed before tooling.
1963 B. C. Middleton Hist. Eng. Craft Bookbinding Technique xi. 122 In the 30s and 40s of the nineteenth century hard- and paste-grain morocco replaced straight-grain morocco and russia for use on fine bindings.
2002 S. Waters Fingersmith vii. 222 I..am schooled instead in the hides with which books are bound—as say, morocco, russia, calf, chagrin.
10. Any of various hemp or linen fabrics made in Russia (see 1). Also attributive. Now rare.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > sorts or qualities of
Russia1770
flaxes1886
1770 State of Importations from Great-Brit. into Port of Boston 25 855 ells broad Russia.
1798 Monthly Mag. June 481 Irish linens are becoming exceedingly scarce... Russias are also very scarce at present.
1819 Times 4 Dec. 4/5 (advt.) The genuine Stock in Trade, comprising..hemp russias, huccabac diapers;..Scotch and French cambrics.
1841 Knickerbocker Mag. 17 49 His duck trousers and Russia shirt..bespoke him every inch a sailor.
1968 Winterthur Portfolio 4 51/2 Quantities of tablecloths,..napkins,..huckaback, Russia, and Holland,..are listed in inventories.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron
landiron1428
wood-iron1536
bullate1591
bullet-iron1686
tough-iron1686
Russia iron1751
Russian iron1758
sable1785
Russia1805
stub-iron1820
bushel-iron1831
Russia sheet-iron1835
stub-nail iron1839
stub Damascus1845
Berlin iron1854
charcoal-iron1858
Bessemer iron1864
tank-iron1864
ship-plate1873
ingot iron1877
tank-plate1892
structural1895
Armco1914
1805 J. J. Oddy European Commerce vii. vii. 557 When worked with wood, no iron is so tough as Russia.
1858 Mining Mag. Sept. 226 The imitation Russia..is manufactured at one or two points near the coast.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1663