rugoseadj.

Brit.

/ˈruːɡəʊz/,

/ˈruːɡəʊs/,

/rʊˈɡəʊs/, U.S.

/ˈruɡoʊz/,

/ˈruɡoʊs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rūgōsus.

Etymology: < classical Latin rūgōsus full of wrinkles, folds, or creases, in post-classical Latin also rough, rugged (12th cent. in a British source) < rūga ruga n. + -ōsus -ose suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French rugueux (1492 (as rugueulx ) and 1541 in Middle French; rare before late 18th cent.), Old Occitan rugos (c1350), Spanish rugoso (1275), Italian rugoso (a1342). In sense 2 after scientific Latin Rugosa, order name ( Η. Milne-Edwards & J. Haime Monogr. Brit. Fossil Corals (1850) i. p. lxiv). Compare later rugous adj., rugosous adj., rugosity n.

1. Marked by rugae or wrinkles; wrinkled, corrugated, ridged. Frequently used in scientific contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > wrinkle

rugose?a1425

rugousc1475

wrinkled1563

rugosous1656

corrugated1666

rugulose1808

corrugate1826

rugulate1899

the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [adjective]

rivelledOE

wrinkled1563

channelled1597

ribbed1597

trisulcated1703

ribby1706

rugose1707

ruminate1800

ruminated1828

striolate?1841

multicostate1849

crested1856

fork-ribbed1858

tricostate1861

bicarinate1872

carinal1872

vallecular1875

carinate1876

bicarinated1880

trisulcate1891

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 150^v Þe ȝerd is short &..grosse, rugose [?c1425 Paris wryncly; L. rugosa], i. roubled, & yuel coloured.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Rugose, -sous, full of wrinkles.

1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 329 They are made up of small wart-like Tubercles, each rugose, like a Sweet Fennel-Seed.

1707 J. Quinton Pract. Observ. Physick & Surg. 20 I..found all the rugose parts of the Guts cloath'd with Steel.

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados vii. 177 The Bark is of a rough rugose Texture.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 588 A thick, rugose, livid tuberculate..skin.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 344 The cochineal insect is small, rugose, and of a deep mulberry colour.

1894 Times 23 Aug. 4/5 In the extreme darks, usually in the background and the draperies, there will be found heavy, opaque, rugose passages of loaded colour.

1908 Garden 16 May 240/3 The foliage is somewhat coarser and more rugose, and the stems are green.

1994 A. D. Foster Chorus Skating iv. 47 Rugose lily pads and other water plants..clustered near the natural dam.

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 Oct. b2/1 Contradicting reports from Hong Kong, representatives of the Rolling Stones said yesterday that the rugose rockers would be performing there on Nov. 7 and 9.

2. Palaeontology. Designating a fossil coral of the extinct order Rugosa (or Tetracoralla), which includes horn-shaped corals with ridged surfaces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [adjective] > of or relating to the Anthozoa > belonging to order Rugosa or Tetracoralla

rugose1856

1856 T. H. Huxley in Med. Times & Gaz. 21 June 620/1 These may be termed interseptal dissepiments, to distinguish them from others which exist in the millepores and in the rugose corals.

1935 Geol. Mag. 72 482 The rugose corals..are a group of Palaeozoic corals.

1972 Sci. Amer. June 61/2 The conical or cylindrical stone tube that sheltered the second type has conspicuous external growth wrinkles on its surface; these corals are called rugose.

2006 D. H. Erwin Extinction v. 111 The tabulate and rugose corals were another important part of the Paleozoic fauna, and also disappeared at the end of the Permian.

3. figurative. Rough, rugged, unrefined. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1861 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon xvii, in Temple Bar June 313 It was his daughter's laugh in its crude and rugose stage.

1906 ‘O. Henry’ in Everybody's Mag. Oct. 471/2 She was dazed and enchanted by the rugose wit that can be churned out of California claret.

1942 A. L. Rowse Cornish Childhood vi. 133 Old Sidney was a rugose personality... I am bound to say that, rough-edged as he was with everybody, he was always very kind to me.

Compounds

C1. Chiefly Botany and Zoology. Parasynthetic, as rugose-leaved, rugose-veined, etc.

ΚΠ

1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. i. 92 A rugose-leaved branchy shrub of the easiest culture.

1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 180/1 It was wrong, undoubtedly, in Seffora to love any other than her old, rugose-faced, white-bearded husband.

1894 Garden 13 Jan. 21/1 Bushes of the old white Azalea do well here, as also do the rugose-leaved Vine and Garrya.

1921 H. P. Brown Trees N.Y. State (N.Y. State College Forestry) 56 Leaves minutely downy and rugose-veined above.

2002 J. M. Savage Amphibians & Reptiles of Costa Rica ii. 397 Ranidae... Mainly semiaquatic or terrestrial, usually long legged, smooth to rugose-skinned frogs.

C2. Chiefly Entomology. With another adjective, as rugose-punctate, rugose-reticulate.

ΚΠ

1831 J. F. Stephens Descr. Chiasognathus Grantii 7 The base is laminated; the disc gibbous, rugose-punctate anteriorly.

1950 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 43 218 Surface of the head somewhat smooth,..lateral surfaces rugose-reticulate.

2008 Florida Entomologist 91 284/1 Pronotum weakly rugose-punctate with upper pronotal groove absent.

C3.

rugose mosaic n. any of several mosaic diseases characterized by a marked wrinkling of the leaves and increased chlorosis and dwarfing compared with other mosaics.Rugose mosaics particularly affect potatoes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants > potatoes

curl1790

leaf curl1850

leafroll1859

aucuba mosaic1922

rugose mosaic1923

1923 E. S. Schultz & D. Folsom in Jrnl. Agric. Res. 25 52 The writers believe that most of Murphy's crinkle..is identical with the type here designated as ‘rugose mosaic’ with some leaf-rolling mosaic symptoms.

1967 A. E. Cox Potato iv. 93 The two most serious of the virus diseases, leaf roll and rugose mosaic, are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by aphids.

2008 S. Wale et al. Dis., Pests & Disorders Potatoes iii. 82/1 In combination with Potato virus X, it causes an even more destructive disease known as rugose mosaic.

Derivatives

ruˈgoseness n.

ΚΠ

1896 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 17 74 A[mphidromus] Winteri... Varies greatly in colour and degree of rugoseness.

1983 Jrnl. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 91 11 Basal part of disk comparable to pronotum in rugoseness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rugose
释义	rugoseadj. Brit. /ˈruːɡəʊz/, /ˈruːɡəʊs/, /rʊˈɡəʊs/, U.S. /ˈruɡoʊz/, /ˈruɡoʊs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rūgōsus. Etymology: < classical Latin rūgōsus full of wrinkles, folds, or creases, in post-classical Latin also rough, rugged (12th cent. in a British source) < rūga ruga n. + -ōsus -ose suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French rugueux (1492 (as rugueulx ) and 1541 in Middle French; rare before late 18th cent.), Old Occitan rugos (c1350), Spanish rugoso (1275), Italian rugoso (a1342). In sense 2 after scientific Latin Rugosa, order name ( Η. Milne-Edwards & J. Haime Monogr. Brit. Fossil Corals (1850) i. p. lxiv). Compare later rugous adj., rugosous adj., rugosity n. 1. Marked by rugae or wrinkles; wrinkled, corrugated, ridged. Frequently used in scientific contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > wrinkle rugose?a1425 rugousc1475 wrinkled1563 rugosous1656 corrugated1666 rugulose1808 corrugate1826 rugulate1899 the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [adjective] rivelledOE wrinkled1563 channelled1597 ribbed1597 trisulcated1703 ribby1706 rugose1707 ruminate1800 ruminated1828 striolate?1841 multicostate1849 crested1856 fork-ribbed1858 tricostate1861 bicarinate1872 carinal1872 vallecular1875 carinate1876 bicarinated1880 trisulcate1891 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 150^v Þe ȝerd is short &..grosse, rugose [?c1425 Paris wryncly; L. rugosa], i. roubled, & yuel coloured. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Rugose, -sous, full of wrinkles. 1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 329 They are made up of small wart-like Tubercles, each rugose, like a Sweet Fennel-Seed. 1707 J. Quinton Pract. Observ. Physick & Surg. 20 I..found all the rugose parts of the Guts cloath'd with Steel. 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados vii. 177 The Bark is of a rough rugose Texture. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 588 A thick, rugose, livid tuberculate..skin. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 344 The cochineal insect is small, rugose, and of a deep mulberry colour. 1894 Times 23 Aug. 4/5 In the extreme darks, usually in the background and the draperies, there will be found heavy, opaque, rugose passages of loaded colour. 1908 Garden 16 May 240/3 The foliage is somewhat coarser and more rugose, and the stems are green. 1994 A. D. Foster Chorus Skating iv. 47 Rugose lily pads and other water plants..clustered near the natural dam. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 Oct. b2/1 Contradicting reports from Hong Kong, representatives of the Rolling Stones said yesterday that the rugose rockers would be performing there on Nov. 7 and 9. 2. Palaeontology. Designating a fossil coral of the extinct order Rugosa (or Tetracoralla), which includes horn-shaped corals with ridged surfaces. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [adjective] > of or relating to the Anthozoa > belonging to order Rugosa or Tetracoralla rugose1856 1856 T. H. Huxley in Med. Times & Gaz. 21 June 620/1 These may be termed interseptal dissepiments, to distinguish them from others which exist in the millepores and in the rugose corals. 1935 Geol. Mag. 72 482 The rugose corals..are a group of Palaeozoic corals. 1972 Sci. Amer. June 61/2 The conical or cylindrical stone tube that sheltered the second type has conspicuous external growth wrinkles on its surface; these corals are called rugose. 2006 D. H. Erwin Extinction v. 111 The tabulate and rugose corals were another important part of the Paleozoic fauna, and also disappeared at the end of the Permian. 3. figurative. Rough, rugged, unrefined. Now rare. ΚΠ 1861 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon xvii, in Temple Bar June 313 It was his daughter's laugh in its crude and rugose stage. 1906 ‘O. Henry’ in Everybody's Mag. Oct. 471/2 She was dazed and enchanted by the rugose wit that can be churned out of California claret. 1942 A. L. Rowse Cornish Childhood vi. 133 Old Sidney was a rugose personality... I am bound to say that, rough-edged as he was with everybody, he was always very kind to me. Compounds C1. Chiefly Botany and Zoology. Parasynthetic, as rugose-leaved, rugose-veined, etc. ΚΠ 1824 J. C. Loudon Green-house Compan. i. 92 A rugose-leaved branchy shrub of the easiest culture. 1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 180/1 It was wrong, undoubtedly, in Seffora to love any other than her old, rugose-faced, white-bearded husband. 1894 Garden 13 Jan. 21/1 Bushes of the old white Azalea do well here, as also do the rugose-leaved Vine and Garrya. 1921 H. P. Brown Trees N.Y. State (N.Y. State College Forestry) 56 Leaves minutely downy and rugose-veined above. 2002 J. M. Savage Amphibians & Reptiles of Costa Rica ii. 397 Ranidae... Mainly semiaquatic or terrestrial, usually long legged, smooth to rugose-skinned frogs. C2. Chiefly Entomology. With another adjective, as rugose-punctate, rugose-reticulate. ΚΠ 1831 J. F. Stephens Descr. Chiasognathus Grantii 7 The base is laminated; the disc gibbous, rugose-punctate anteriorly. 1950 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 43 218 Surface of the head somewhat smooth,..lateral surfaces rugose-reticulate. 2008 Florida Entomologist 91 284/1 Pronotum weakly rugose-punctate with upper pronotal groove absent. C3. rugose mosaic n. any of several mosaic diseases characterized by a marked wrinkling of the leaves and increased chlorosis and dwarfing compared with other mosaics.Rugose mosaics particularly affect potatoes. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants > potatoes curl1790 leaf curl1850 leafroll1859 aucuba mosaic1922 rugose mosaic1923 1923 E. S. Schultz & D. Folsom in Jrnl. Agric. Res. 25 52 The writers believe that most of Murphy's crinkle..is identical with the type here designated as ‘rugose mosaic’ with some leaf-rolling mosaic symptoms. 1967 A. E. Cox Potato iv. 93 The two most serious of the virus diseases, leaf roll and rugose mosaic, are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by aphids. 2008 S. Wale et al. Dis., Pests & Disorders Potatoes iii. 82/1 In combination with Potato virus X, it causes an even more destructive disease known as rugose mosaic. Derivatives ruˈgoseness n. ΚΠ 1896 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 17 74 A[mphidromus] Winteri... Varies greatly in colour and degree of rugoseness. 1983 Jrnl. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 91 11 Basal part of disk comparable to pronotum in rugoseness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1425
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