runagaten.adj.

Brit.

/ˈrʌnəɡeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈrənəˌɡeɪt/

Forms: 1500s ronagate, 1500s ronneagate, 1500s rounagatt, 1500s runneagate, 1500s–1600s ronnagat, 1500s–1600s runnagat, 1500s–1600s 1800s– runnagate, 1500s–1700s runegate, 1500s–1700s runnegate, 1500s– runagate, 1600s runnigate, 1800s runagates; English regional 1800s– rinagate (Devon), 1800s– runnigiate (north-western), 1900s– runagaates (Lincolnshire), 1900s– runageeat (Yorkshire), 1900s– runagit (Sussex); Scottish pre-1700 rinigat, pre-1700 runagat, pre-1700 runeagat, pre-1700 runiegait, pre-1700 runigat, pre-1700 runnagat, pre-1700 runnaget, pre-1700 runneagate, pre-1700 runnegat, pre-1700 runniegait, pre-1700 runnigat, pre-1700 rwnigait, pre-1700 rynnegat, pre-1700 rynnigat, pre-1700 1700s– runagate, pre-1700 1800s runnagate, 1800s rannagat, 1800s rinnagate, 1800s runi'gate, 1800s– rinagate.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: renegate n.

Etymology: Variant or alteration of renegate n., probably by folk-etymological association with run v. (compare ren , renne , variants of run v.); perhaps compare also agate adv.

Now chiefly archaic and regional.

A. n.

1. A person who renounces his or her faith; an apostate. Also in extended use. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person

apostate1340

postatea1387

relapse1407

pervert1501

reneganta1525

runagate1530

reniant1532

backfaller1545

apostatrice1551

turn-tippet?1556

runaway1561

faller-away1564

reneger?1577

renegado1584

backslider1591

retrospicientc1600

relapser1608

renegade1611

runagado1614

runagade1670

fallaway1673

lapser1695

faller-out1964

1530 Thorpe's Examinacion G iij The lustie lyuyng and the slyding fro the treuth of these runagates shall be to me..an example [etc.].

1554 Lydgate's Bochas viii. xiii. 185 An Idolater and runneagate in dede.

1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. B4^v Lucian the Atheist, was neuer so irreligious; nor euer Iulian the runnagate so blasphemous.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 90 There arriued from Tunnis in Barbary, an English Runagate.

1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. i. 12 Meddle with your own matters, you Runagate, and be asham'd of your actions, since the Church is asham'd of you.

1708 W. Darrell Suppl. to 1st Pt. Gentleman Instructed v. 109 Gregory of Nazianzen saw the Disorders of Julian's Soul in the Irregularity of his Carriage, and pronounced him a Runagate before he had apostatiz'd from Christianity.

1823 W. Tennant Cardinal Beaton iv. i. 95 George Wishart, I do here, in Church's name, Arraign thee for the crime of heresy.—Thou, trait'rous pestilential runagate!

1888 E. Arnold With Sa'di in Garden 34 He doth not all at once the sinful slay, Nor drive repentant runagates away.

1910 T. Okey tr. Little Flowers in Little Flowers & Life of St. Francis (1912) 69 Friar Elias..being entreated by the said King Frederick, went over to him, and became a rebel to the church and a runagate from the Order.

1946 H. W. Garrod Scholarship iii. 56 I was in some sense a runagate of the classics.

2. A vagabond, a wanderer; a restless roving person.Frequently used as a general term of contempt, and thus sometimes difficult to distinguish from senses A. 1 and A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp

harlot?c1225

raikera1400

vacabond1404

vagrant1444

gangrela1450

briber?c1475

palliard1484

vagabondc1485

rogue1489

wavenger1493

hermit1495

gaberlunzie1508

knight of the field1508

loiterer1530

straggler1530

runagate1534

ruffler1535

hedge-creeper1548

Abraham man1567

cursitor1567

runner1567

walker1567

tinker1575

traveller1598

Tartar1602

stravagant1606

wagand1614

Circumcellion1623

meechera1625

hedge-bird1631

gaberlunzie man1649

tramp1664

stroller1681

jockey1685

bird of passage1717

randy1724

tramper1760

stalko1804

vagabondager1813

rintherout1814

piker1838

pikey1838

beachcomber1840

roadster1851

vagabondizer1860

roustabout1862

bum1864

migratory1866

potter1867

sundowner1868

vag1868

walkabout1872

transient1877

Murrumbidgee whaler1878

rouster1882

run-the-hedge1882

whaler1883

shaughraun1884

heather-cat1886

hobo1889

tussocker1889

gay cat1893

overlander1898

stake-man1899

stiff1899

bindle-stiff1900

dingbat1902

stew-bum1902

tired Tim (also Timothy)1906

skipper1925

Strandlooper1927

knight of the road1928

hobohemian1936

plain turkey1955

scrub turkey1955

derro1963

jakey1988

crusty1990

1534 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Dauids Psalter f. 173^v Let his chylderne be runagates, beggers, seking their meat in their harde exile.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. L3 The first traueller was Cayn, and hee was called a vagabond runnagate on the face of the earth.

1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck v. sig. K2^v You are knowne For Osbecks sonne of Turney, a loose runnagate, A Landloper.

a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 201 A crew of wild thieves and runnagates.

1752 H. Fielding Examples Interposition of Providence 6 Being banished from the face of God, of being driven as a vagabond and a runagate out of the holy land.

1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie I. xii. 92 Get twa shillings frae that flea-luggit rinnagate Charlie Pierston.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. viii. 181 We have been kept in scarceness among runnagates and spendthrifts.

1917 Iowa City Daily Citizen 18 July 3/4 I did hear Justice Winslow, that goodly man, passing sentence upon certain rogues and runagates, pestilent fellows and sturdy beggars.

1962 L. D. Wyld Low Bridge! viii. 141 For a time he ran reluctantly with the runagates, boys who roamed the towpath and byways, too shiftless to work or too ornery to be hired.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 275/1 Renegate, runagate, a reprobate; an unsettled, restless ne'er-do-well.

3. A deserter; a fugitive, a runaway. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun] > flight or running away > one who runs away

fugitive1382

runner1440

fleer1488

flyera1500

fugitour1533

runaway1534

runagate1539

fleeter1581

sure flight1599

runagadea1604

deserter?a1645

refugee1754

fly-away1838

skedaddler1864

lamster1904

1539 R. Morison tr. Frontinus Strategemes & Policies Warre ii. v. sig. Fv^v Memnon..sent certaine of his souldiours, vnder the colour of runnagates, to his ennemyes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. liiij^v A compaigny of traytors, thefes, outlawes and ronneagates.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiii. 480 If he went to Rome,..he should bee sooner lodged there in prison like a fugitive runagate, than intertained..for a friend.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 70 Commit securely to true wisdome the vanquishing and uncasing of craft and suttletie, which are but her two runnagates.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War ii. xxi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 807 John.., together with his two thousand Syrian runagates.

a1758 J. Hervey Contempl. Night in Medit. & Contempl. (1759) II. 17 The Day seems to be closed, almost as soon as it dawned.—And will the Runagates never stop.

a1777 S. Foote Trip to Calais (1778) ii. 30 What news from the runagate? have you seen her?

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 241 Crews of these desperadoes,..the runagates of every country and every clime.

1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. Runnagate, a runnaway.

1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxiv I shall leave my Winchester runagates to the care of the provost-marshal.

1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) vii. 79 Not until the runagate had vanished into the scrub did the planter sufficiently recover from his indignant amazement to remember the two negroes.

1973 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 25 Mar. a4/7 The flight of these birds [sc. deserters and draft dodgers]..weeded out thousands of misfits and saddled them onto the countries which took them in and may now have to keep on living with our runagates.

1996 H. S. Mackie Talking Trojan ii. 54 Like the runagate who turns his back on the flight of a spear, the suppliant effectively declines to meet his enemy face to face.

B. adj.

1. That has escaped, deserted, or run away; wandering, roving. Also as a general term of contempt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective]

renayedc1380

renegate1488

regenerate?1536

runagate1549

renegantc1550

turncoat1571

relenting1576

reneged1594

renegado1612

recreant1613

tergiversating1654

renegade1664

apostate1671

tergiversant1710

blackleg1767

revulsionary1817

tergiversated1831

tergiverse1852

tergiversatory1891

breakaway1934

walk-in1978

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adjective] > running away > having run away

fugitive1467

forloppin?a1513

runaway1548

runagate1653

absconded1735

decamped1887

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering > as a vagabond or tramp

vagrant1461

loiteringa1533

way-walkinga1535

roguing1566

roguish1572

vagabondical1576

vagabond1585

vagabondinga1586

land-loping1587

vagrom1600

leap-land1614

vagabondial1615

vaguea1627

gangrel1650

vagabondious1661

going1737

gang-there-out1815

tramping1828

vagabondizing1830

pikey1838

beachcombing1845

runagate1877

going-about1886

bummy1890

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Philemon i. f. xxxii^v Thou shall receyue Onesimus, not nowe as a runneagate seruaunt, but as the thynges that I set moost stoore by.

1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. A3 A Kitchin Co is called an ydle runagate Boy.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 9 Paul hauing conuerted Onesimus a runnagate seruant.., sent him to Philemon againe.

1653 R. Saunders Treat. Moles Body Man & Woman 25 in Physiognomie He is a runnagate fugitive, and wanders out of his native countrey.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xii. vii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 378 There came also to them..many of the runagate Jews.

1810 Q. Rev. Nov. 458 We have seen..how much harm has been done by the runagate sailors in Polynesia.

1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia II. 366 Much as a well-trained schoolboy does [surpass] a ragged runagates street urchin.

1877 Temple Bar Dec. 335 The beach coomber, a runagate rogue without property, position, or influence.

1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) xviii. 213 A runagate adventurer like Captain Blood.

1979 V. G. Kiernan in P. Burke New Cambr. Mod. Hist. XIII. viii. 223 Runagate serfs, free Cossacks from the borderlands, disgruntled small fief-holders of the south, and factious boyars, could be found jostling together in the same rebel army.

2002 S. Wabuda in P. Marshall & E. Ryrie Beginnings Eng. Protestantism v. 126 For Miles Huggarde..the runagate wives he observed were part of the great failings of Protestantism.

†2. Having renounced one's faith; apostate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [adjective]

forraughtc1175

renayedc1380

apostate1382

apostasied1393

relapse?a1425

departed1439

renegate1488

retractive1509

apostatical1532

shrinking1535

apostatatec1540

runagate1558

apostatic1583

apostatous1588

collapsed1609

renegado1612

recreant1613

apotactical1615

apostatized1629

apostating1630

lapsed1638

apostated1642

apostatizing1652

renegade1664

diabolonian1682

backsliding1816

relapsing1864

backslidden1871

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue xv. sig. G.i^v Ane rynnigat monk fra his religioun.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 985/2 A runnagate Scot dyd take away the adoration..of Christe in the sacrament.

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 10 Lyke a runnagate Apostata..ye betray his Saints to Sathan.

1652 tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote (new ed.) i. iv. xiii. f. 104 We did notwithstanding conjecture that it was some runnagate [1612 renegate] Christian, whom their Masters there doe very ordinarily take to wives.

1850 T. Lockerby Record 694 It is not the long imposed upon Mohammedan, but the runagate Christian, that deprecates the flood.

Derivatives

† runagate-like adv. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 3 Whosoever..runagate-like shall return, may be constrained to return again to the India's.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	runagate
释义	runagaten.adj. Brit. /ˈrʌnəɡeɪt/, U.S. /ˈrənəˌɡeɪt/ Forms: 1500s ronagate, 1500s ronneagate, 1500s rounagatt, 1500s runneagate, 1500s–1600s ronnagat, 1500s–1600s runnagat, 1500s–1600s 1800s– runnagate, 1500s–1700s runegate, 1500s–1700s runnegate, 1500s– runagate, 1600s runnigate, 1800s runagates; English regional 1800s– rinagate (Devon), 1800s– runnigiate (north-western), 1900s– runagaates (Lincolnshire), 1900s– runageeat (Yorkshire), 1900s– runagit (Sussex); Scottish pre-1700 rinigat, pre-1700 runagat, pre-1700 runeagat, pre-1700 runiegait, pre-1700 runigat, pre-1700 runnagat, pre-1700 runnaget, pre-1700 runneagate, pre-1700 runnegat, pre-1700 runniegait, pre-1700 runnigat, pre-1700 rwnigait, pre-1700 rynnegat, pre-1700 rynnigat, pre-1700 1700s– runagate, pre-1700 1800s runnagate, 1800s rannagat, 1800s rinnagate, 1800s runi'gate, 1800s– rinagate. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: renegate n. Etymology: Variant or alteration of renegate n., probably by folk-etymological association with run v. (compare ren , renne , variants of run v.); perhaps compare also agate adv. Now chiefly archaic and regional. A. n. 1. A person who renounces his or her faith; an apostate. Also in extended use. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person apostate1340 postatea1387 relapse1407 pervert1501 reneganta1525 runagate1530 reniant1532 backfaller1545 apostatrice1551 turn-tippet?1556 runaway1561 faller-away1564 reneger?1577 renegado1584 backslider1591 retrospicientc1600 relapser1608 renegade1611 runagado1614 runagade1670 fallaway1673 lapser1695 faller-out1964 1530 Thorpe's Examinacion G iij The lustie lyuyng and the slyding fro the treuth of these runagates shall be to me..an example [etc.]. 1554 Lydgate's Bochas viii. xiii. 185 An Idolater and runneagate in dede. 1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. B4^v Lucian the Atheist, was neuer so irreligious; nor euer Iulian the runnagate so blasphemous. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 90 There arriued from Tunnis in Barbary, an English Runagate. 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. i. 12 Meddle with your own matters, you Runagate, and be asham'd of your actions, since the Church is asham'd of you. 1708 W. Darrell Suppl. to 1st Pt. Gentleman Instructed v. 109 Gregory of Nazianzen saw the Disorders of Julian's Soul in the Irregularity of his Carriage, and pronounced him a Runagate before he had apostatiz'd from Christianity. 1823 W. Tennant Cardinal Beaton iv. i. 95 George Wishart, I do here, in Church's name, Arraign thee for the crime of heresy.—Thou, trait'rous pestilential runagate! 1888 E. Arnold With Sa'di in Garden 34 He doth not all at once the sinful slay, Nor drive repentant runagates away. 1910 T. Okey tr. Little Flowers in Little Flowers & Life of St. Francis (1912) 69 Friar Elias..being entreated by the said King Frederick, went over to him, and became a rebel to the church and a runagate from the Order. 1946 H. W. Garrod Scholarship iii. 56 I was in some sense a runagate of the classics. 2. A vagabond, a wanderer; a restless roving person.Frequently used as a general term of contempt, and thus sometimes difficult to distinguish from senses A. 1 and A. 3. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp harlot?c1225 raikera1400 vacabond1404 vagrant1444 gangrela1450 briber?c1475 palliard1484 vagabondc1485 rogue1489 wavenger1493 hermit1495 gaberlunzie1508 knight of the field1508 loiterer1530 straggler1530 runagate1534 ruffler1535 hedge-creeper1548 Abraham man1567 cursitor1567 runner1567 walker1567 tinker1575 traveller1598 Tartar1602 stravagant1606 wagand1614 Circumcellion1623 meechera1625 hedge-bird1631 gaberlunzie man1649 tramp1664 stroller1681 jockey1685 bird of passage1717 randy1724 tramper1760 stalko1804 vagabondager1813 rintherout1814 piker1838 pikey1838 beachcomber1840 roadster1851 vagabondizer1860 roustabout1862 bum1864 migratory1866 potter1867 sundowner1868 vag1868 walkabout1872 transient1877 Murrumbidgee whaler1878 rouster1882 run-the-hedge1882 whaler1883 shaughraun1884 heather-cat1886 hobo1889 tussocker1889 gay cat1893 overlander1898 stake-man1899 stiff1899 bindle-stiff1900 dingbat1902 stew-bum1902 tired Tim (also Timothy)1906 skipper1925 Strandlooper1927 knight of the road1928 hobohemian1936 plain turkey1955 scrub turkey1955 derro1963 jakey1988 crusty1990 1534 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Dauids Psalter f. 173^v Let his chylderne be runagates, beggers, seking their meat in their harde exile. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. L3 The first traueller was Cayn, and hee was called a vagabond runnagate on the face of the earth. 1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck v. sig. K2^v You are knowne For Osbecks sonne of Turney, a loose runnagate, A Landloper. a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 201 A crew of wild thieves and runnagates. 1752 H. Fielding Examples Interposition of Providence 6 Being banished from the face of God, of being driven as a vagabond and a runagate out of the holy land. 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie I. xii. 92 Get twa shillings frae that flea-luggit rinnagate Charlie Pierston. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. viii. 181 We have been kept in scarceness among runnagates and spendthrifts. 1917 Iowa City Daily Citizen 18 July 3/4 I did hear Justice Winslow, that goodly man, passing sentence upon certain rogues and runagates, pestilent fellows and sturdy beggars. 1962 L. D. Wyld Low Bridge! viii. 141 For a time he ran reluctantly with the runagates, boys who roamed the towpath and byways, too shiftless to work or too ornery to be hired. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 275/1 Renegate, runagate, a reprobate; an unsettled, restless ne'er-do-well. 3. A deserter; a fugitive, a runaway. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun] > flight or running away > one who runs away fugitive1382 runner1440 fleer1488 flyera1500 fugitour1533 runaway1534 runagate1539 fleeter1581 sure flight1599 runagadea1604 deserter?a1645 refugee1754 fly-away1838 skedaddler1864 lamster1904 1539 R. Morison tr. Frontinus Strategemes & Policies Warre ii. v. sig. Fv^v Memnon..sent certaine of his souldiours, vnder the colour of runnagates, to his ennemyes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. liiij^v A compaigny of traytors, thefes, outlawes and ronneagates. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiii. 480 If he went to Rome,..he should bee sooner lodged there in prison like a fugitive runagate, than intertained..for a friend. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 70 Commit securely to true wisdome the vanquishing and uncasing of craft and suttletie, which are but her two runnagates. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War ii. xxi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 807 John.., together with his two thousand Syrian runagates. a1758 J. Hervey Contempl. Night in Medit. & Contempl. (1759) II. 17 The Day seems to be closed, almost as soon as it dawned.—And will the Runagates never stop. a1777 S. Foote Trip to Calais (1778) ii. 30 What news from the runagate? have you seen her? 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 241 Crews of these desperadoes,..the runagates of every country and every clime. 1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. Runnagate, a runnaway. 1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxiv I shall leave my Winchester runagates to the care of the provost-marshal. 1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) vii. 79 Not until the runagate had vanished into the scrub did the planter sufficiently recover from his indignant amazement to remember the two negroes. 1973 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 25 Mar. a4/7 The flight of these birds [sc. deserters and draft dodgers]..weeded out thousands of misfits and saddled them onto the countries which took them in and may now have to keep on living with our runagates. 1996 H. S. Mackie Talking Trojan ii. 54 Like the runagate who turns his back on the flight of a spear, the suppliant effectively declines to meet his enemy face to face. B. adj. 1. That has escaped, deserted, or run away; wandering, roving. Also as a general term of contempt. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective] renayedc1380 renegate1488 regenerate?1536 runagate1549 renegantc1550 turncoat1571 relenting1576 reneged1594 renegado1612 recreant1613 tergiversating1654 renegade1664 apostate1671 tergiversant1710 blackleg1767 revulsionary1817 tergiversated1831 tergiverse1852 tergiversatory1891 breakaway1934 walk-in1978 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adjective] > running away > having run away fugitive1467 forloppin?a1513 runaway1548 runagate1653 absconded1735 decamped1887 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering > as a vagabond or tramp vagrant1461 loiteringa1533 way-walkinga1535 roguing1566 roguish1572 vagabondical1576 vagabond1585 vagabondinga1586 land-loping1587 vagrom1600 leap-land1614 vagabondial1615 vaguea1627 gangrel1650 vagabondious1661 going1737 gang-there-out1815 tramping1828 vagabondizing1830 pikey1838 beachcombing1845 runagate1877 going-about1886 bummy1890 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Philemon i. f. xxxii^v Thou shall receyue Onesimus, not nowe as a runneagate seruaunt, but as the thynges that I set moost stoore by. 1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. A3 A Kitchin Co is called an ydle runagate Boy. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 9 Paul hauing conuerted Onesimus a runnagate seruant.., sent him to Philemon againe. 1653 R. Saunders Treat. Moles Body Man & Woman 25 in Physiognomie He is a runnagate fugitive, and wanders out of his native countrey. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xii. vii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 378 There came also to them..many of the runagate Jews. 1810 Q. Rev. Nov. 458 We have seen..how much harm has been done by the runagate sailors in Polynesia. 1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia II. 366 Much as a well-trained schoolboy does [surpass] a ragged runagates street urchin. 1877 Temple Bar Dec. 335 The beach coomber, a runagate rogue without property, position, or influence. 1922 R. Sabatini Capt. Blood (U.S. ed.) xviii. 213 A runagate adventurer like Captain Blood. 1979 V. G. Kiernan in P. Burke New Cambr. Mod. Hist. XIII. viii. 223 Runagate serfs, free Cossacks from the borderlands, disgruntled small fief-holders of the south, and factious boyars, could be found jostling together in the same rebel army. 2002 S. Wabuda in P. Marshall & E. Ryrie Beginnings Eng. Protestantism v. 126 For Miles Huggarde..the runagate wives he observed were part of the great failings of Protestantism. †2. Having renounced one's faith; apostate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [adjective] forraughtc1175 renayedc1380 apostate1382 apostasied1393 relapse?a1425 departed1439 renegate1488 retractive1509 apostatical1532 shrinking1535 apostatatec1540 runagate1558 apostatic1583 apostatous1588 collapsed1609 renegado1612 recreant1613 apotactical1615 apostatized1629 apostating1630 lapsed1638 apostated1642 apostatizing1652 renegade1664 diabolonian1682 backsliding1816 relapsing1864 backslidden1871 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue xv. sig. G.i^v Ane rynnigat monk fra his religioun. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 985/2 A runnagate Scot dyd take away the adoration..of Christe in the sacrament. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 10 Lyke a runnagate Apostata..ye betray his Saints to Sathan. 1652 tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote (new ed.) i. iv. xiii. f. 104 We did notwithstanding conjecture that it was some runnagate [1612 renegate] Christian, whom their Masters there doe very ordinarily take to wives. 1850 T. Lockerby Record 694 It is not the long imposed upon Mohammedan, but the runagate Christian, that deprecates the flood. Derivatives † runagate-like adv. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 3 Whosoever..runagate-like shall return, may be constrained to return again to the India's. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1530
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