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单词 run-in
释义

run-inn.

Brit. /ˈrʌnɪn/, U.S. /ˈrənˌɪn/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: run v., in adv.
Etymology: < run v. + in adv., partly after to run in at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.
1.
a. Originally Horse Racing. The final stage of a race; the home stretch. Cf. come-in n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > course or track > parts of
run-in1799
quarter-stretch1830
home run1833
hurdle1833
back stretch1839
home stretch1841
straight1846
last lap1848
straightaway1878
home straight1880
stretch1895
back-straight1905
the wall1974
1799 Sporting Mag. May 60/2 Hambletonian's jockey not only laboured very hard at him during the run-in, but the horse was severly spurred.
1821 Monthly Mag. June 434/1 In a long, or four-mile course, like the B.C. at Newmarket, nothing is seen by the sportsmen assembled but the run-in.
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone ix The down-hill run-in favours his vast stride.
1907 Badminton Mag. 24 680 The ‘hunting race’ always takes place in a rough country, with fences till the run in is reached.
1958 Health & Strength 19 June 8/1 Where the final run-in was along the sea-front, there was an impressive crowd.
1999 Sun 27 Mar. (They're Off Suppl.) 2/4 The sheer joy of seeing your horse pull clear of his rivals on the elbow of Aintree's famous run-in.
b. gen. An act of running into a place or situation.
ΚΠ
1844 W. H. Harvey Let. 20 Aug. in Mem. W. H. Harvey (1869) vii. 149 Her husband (a captain) is going out again, and promises to gather all he can meet with. Don't I hope he may have a run in again in a squall!
1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt vii. 147 [He] had got first run-in at the big herd of buffaloes..and killed nine.
1905 L. E. Richards Mrs. Tree's Will xii. 225 Yes, I see her go past the house,..and I thought I'd jest make a run-in.
1972 J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic ii. 41 A bowler about to make his run-in.
2006 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 26 Oct. s2/4 The bad guys strap..Chase Cliett onto a large cross in the ring and beat him bloody, but he is resurrected after a good-guys' ‘run-in’ from the dressing room.
c. Rugby. An act of running over an opponent's touchline with the ball.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > scoring
touch1845
run-in1846
rouge1856
touchdown1856
touch-in-goal1869
try1870
minor1883
minor point1884
pot1888
major point1896
penalty try1922
conversion1927
pushover1940
1846 Rugby Misc. 178 The fierce run in of Mackie from the three trees, putting many to flight before him, and vanquishing those who strove vainly to arrest his course.
1864 Field 403/2 After several severe scrimmages..a run-in was obtained.
1916 Harvard Alumni Bull. 15 Mar. 455/1 A smashing tackle by some bare-backed Harvard man prevented the run-in.
1948 Times 13 Dec. 2/3 The Yorkshire try came from a strong effort by Braithwaite-Exley, supported by Vaughan and Gloag, who effected the run-in in excellent style.
2004 Rugby World Feb. 113/1 Fabian Juries's long run-in sent the large South African support potty.
d. Sport (esp. Association Football). The period leading up to the climax of a season.
ΚΠ
1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 103/1 Leeds..were pipped for the Championship by a fantastic final run-in by Arsenal.
1989 P. Shaw Whose Game is it Anyway? 30/2 Such were Celtic's crowds in the run-in to last season's championship as people from all over the country tried to join in the..celebrations.
2003 D. Bowler & D. Reynolds Ron Reynolds xvi. 159 It was very exciting to be involved in that run-in, especially as we had all but clinched promotion with quite a few games to go and were then just fighting for the championship.
2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 17 Apr. 62 McGahan's men have a tricky run-in against the Ospreys at home, and away to the Cardiff Blues.
2. colloquial (originally U.S.). A clash, fight, or similar confrontation; an argument or quarrel. Usually in to have a run-in (with).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > a quarrel
controversy1448
tencion?1473
brulyie1531
pique1532
feudc1565
quarrel1566
jar1583
controverse1596
brack1600
outcast1620
rixation1623
controversarya1635
simultya1637
outfall1647
outfallingc1650
controversion1658
démêlé1661
embroilment1667
strut1677
risse1684
rubber1688
fray1702
brulyiement1718
fallout1725
tossa1732
embroil1742
ding-dong?1760
pilget1777
fratch1805
spar1836
splutter1838
bust-up1842
whid1847
chip1854
kass-kass1873
wap1887
run-in1894
go-round1898
blue1943
hassle1945
square-up?1949
ruck1958
1894 Daily News (Denver) 18 June 3/3 Jack McAuliffe, with whom he has had one or two impromptu and unsatisfactory run-ins at the race track and elsewhere.
1898 McClure's Mag. Apr. 535/2 They had a run-in down there..he was orderin' the skipper to put back to New York an' land him, an' the skipper got a black eye out of it.
1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch viii. 180 He had a run in with that umpire one day when they came to blows.
1945 G. Marx Let. 16 Feb. in Groucho Lett. (1967) 50 Your father and I have many run-ins these days... He can't get it into his thick skull that I have come of age.
1979 A. Hailey Overload (new ed.) i. iii. 19 I hear you had a run-in with Nancy Molineaux.
1991 Economist 23 Nov. 161/1 After many run-ins with the authorities, Mr Anderson was allowed to emigrate to west Berlin.
3. An introduction or opening; a preamble. Cf. lead-in n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > a) preparation(s) > a preliminary action or step
introductionc1386
deductiona1535
induction?1544
preamble1548
flourish1552
preludium1563
primordium1577
preparativec1580
exordium1581
introit1583
foregoinga1586
prologuea1586
preface1589
prelusion1597
proem1598
prolusion1601
introductory1646
preliminary1656
prelimination1667
flourishing1687
little go1842
preluding1858
foreword1888
prelim1891
prelimen1898
run-in1900
opening gambit1911
prolegomenon1926
lead-in1928
pipe-openera1936
lead-up1953
intro1964
1900 Brooklyn Med. Jrnl. May 332 If the managers are lax and careless, if the staff form cliques for personal gain, and if the dispensary is used as a ‘run-in’ for the office, the whole thing is bad.
1919 G. Saintsbury Hist. French Novel II. x. 389 This book was, I believe, in all important respects actually his run-in for the novel-prize.
1961 Clergy Rev. Oct. 627 Mr Derrick provides a run-in to Fr Brown's story in the form of a Prologue.
1995 Beethoven Forum 4 108 The tonic is regained and the run-in to the closing section begins.
4. The approach of an aircraft to a dropping point or landing place. Cf. run-up n. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > sudden rapid descent > descent prior to landing > landing approach
approach1930
run-in1942
run-up1942
1942 Life 31 Aug. 72/3 If there is only one plane left to make a final run-in, I want that man to go in and get a hit.
1958 ‘J. Castle’ & A. Hailey Flight into Danger x. 137 We must have plenty [of fuel] in hand for a long run-in over the ocean, if I decide..to ditch.
1971 R. Dentry Encounter at Kharmel ix. 158 Alden reached his bedroom window in time to see the Cherokee..lose height for its run-in on to the strip.
1993 ‘A. McNab’ Bravo Two Zero (1994) vii. 132 The jets were obviously hosing something down near Baghdad. Their run-ins are crucial, timed to the split second.
5.
a. The action or an act of running in an engine, vehicle, or machine. Frequently attributive. Cf. to run in 17a at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > operation at reduced speed
running in1548
run-in1944
1944 Life 15 May 90/3 (advt.) Today, more Shell 100-octane aviation fuel is supplied to aircraft-engine manufacturers, for critical test and run-in purposes, than any other brand.
1947 E. T. Johnson in Symp. Testing of Bearings (Amer. Soc. Testing & Materials) 5/2 The machine normally operates at 4000 rpm., after 4 hr. of a run-in schedule.
1961 U.S. Patent 3,001,452 1 This invention relates to a flame deflector for use with rocket engines during static testings and run-ins prior to launching.
1983 E. R. Booser CRC Handbk. Lubrication II. 52 As a consequence, run-ins often use low viscosity oils at low speed and high load.
2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Feb. b4/3 Outages are typical for the run-in period of a big LNG [= liquid natural gas] project, and flaring will soon be a thing of the past.
b. Chiefly Pharmacology. An introductory period before the formal start of a clinical trial or course of treatment, used for assessment of subjects and their level of compliance, introduction of a drug in gradually increasing doses, etc. Frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1966 Lancet 26 Nov. 1148/2 Because of the possible dangers of starting on such a large dose, we used a run-in period of 1 week using propranolol 80 mg., 160 mg. and then 240 mg. before the 6 weeks' treatment.
1988 Controlled Clin. Trials 9 274 Run-in strategies on active drug are becoming an acceptable approach to excluding non-compliers prior to randomization. However, the applicability of run-ins is limited.
2002 D. G. Grahame-Smith & J. K. Aronson Oxf. Textbk. Clin. Pharmacol. & Drug Therapy (ed. 3) xvi. 162/1 It is sometimes important to have a run-in period, i.e. to wait some time after deciding that a subject is eligible for a trial before actually starting the formal treatment.
2007 Current Oncol. 14 63/1 Each arm to be tested in separate and consecutive safety run-ins in 6 patients before the randomized portion of the trial commenced.
6. British Criminals' slang. A warehouse or other location to which stolen goods are driven for concealment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] > for storage > for illicit goods
plant1785
trap1930
drop1931
run-in1955
1955 B. Hill Boss of Britain's Underworld vii. 116 Our Bovingdon run-in was packed tight with bent gear, and I now had a relay of my own cars bringing it up to London as the demand needed it.
1962 D. Warner Death of Bogey iv. v. 163 Just waiting to hear that the lorry reached the run-in. It's late.
1970 P. Laurie Scotl. Yard vi. 129 It's a run-in for stolen lorries.
1993 R. Murphy Smash & Grab (Gloss.) 174/1 Turned over , premises raided by the police, whether home, run-in or prison cell.
7. Short for run-in groove n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc > groove
groove1902
track1904
fine-groove1948
microgroove1948
locked groove1956
coarse groove1958
run-in1962
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 150 If the surface noise on the run in and run out of the two records is not sufficient..a ‘blank’..record can be used to lend continuity of background.

Compounds

run-in groove n. The blank groove at the beginning or (occasionally) end of each side of a gramophone record. Cf. run-out n. 9.
ΚΠ
1950 C. Mackenzie in Gramophone Apr. 195/3 I could never accustom myself to the silence, the round trip in the run-in groove, and the final click and crash of the next record.
1950 Critique July 12/1 Don't, unless your nerves are strong, let the needle go right into the run-in grooves at the end of the sides.
1976 Gramophone Sept. 510/1 It..moves the stylus to the run-in groove of the record.
2001 R. Brice Music Engin. (ed. 2) xii. 374 Remove noise from a music signal by carefully measuring the spectrum of the interfering noise signal during a moment of silence (for instance during the run-in groove of a record) and then subtracting this spectrum from the entire signal.
run-in shed n. U.S. an open-fronted shelter in which horses are housed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > stabling > stable
horse-housec1175
stablec1250
guest-stable1471
livery stable1661
brush stable1835
livery1888
boarding-stable1903
run-in shed1946
stable block1977
1946 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 24 Sept. 10/8 5 run-in sheds.
1977 J. W. Evans et al. Horse xxiii. 723 Flies, hot weather, cold rains, and strong, cold winds seem to bother horses, and run-in sheds provide adequate protection from these conditions.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. ii. 82 I..drizzled the mush with dark molasses and carried the bucket out to Waverley in his run-in shed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

run-inadj.

Brit. /ˌrʌnˈɪn/, U.S. /ˌrənˈɪn/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English run , run v., in adv.
Etymology: < run, past participle of run v. + in adv., after to run in at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.
That has been run in (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > [adjective]
set-in1534
inserted1598
inlaid1606
intromitted1706
input1839
inlet1849
run-in1897
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 110 These garments have a band that consists of a run-in string.
1921 F. Hurst Star-dust xiii. 99 There had been a coolly quiet evening on the front porch, a telephone from Flora Bankhead, a little run-in visit from her parents, [etc.].
1934 J. C. Lee Boshstralians 226 Owen, astride a ‘run-in’ brumby, cantered briskly up to his own slip-rails.
1961 P. Benoit et al. Les Grottes de Murabbaat ix. 57 (caption) The run-in thread cut away at X to show passage of weft.
2009 Andover (Hampshire) Advertiser (Nexis) 28 Oct. Another strong lineout gave the backs time to recycle and allowed a dynamic individual run in try for Shaun Corcoran.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1799adj.1897
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