run-downadj.

Brit.

/ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/, U.S.

/ˌrənˈdaʊn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English run , run v., down adv.

Etymology: < run, past participle of run v. + down adv., partly after to run down at run v. Phrasal verbs 1.

†1. Downtrodden, oppressed. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > suppressed

to-bentc1401

suppressed1536

trodden1545

quailed1567

overtroddena1586

underfoot1594

undertrodden1594

downtrodden1597

downtrod1598

low-broughta1599

silenced1609

overborne1611

crusheda1616

trod1638

run-down1683

trampleda1764

overtrampled1827

sat-upon1873

1683 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, & Event Bks. (1883) III. 340 That lost oppertunity of clearing..the run-down truth.

†2. Of a watch plate: faced with only one coat of enamel; (of a coat of enamel) not covered with a second or subsequent coat. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [adjective] > of parts of watch

run-down1813

1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 319/2 For more common work there are two other modes practised; these are called ‘run-down plates’ and ‘run-down second coats’.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 490 The coarser description of watch plates are made rather differently, and are termed run-down plates, and run-down one coats.

1889 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 208/1 Run-down plates are those which are made by laying enamel upon the copper in sufficient quantities to form plates of the required thickness without putting on a second coat.

a. Of a clockwork device: completely unwound. In later use of an electric battery or device: depleted of charge.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > wind-up > not

unwound1648

run-down1815

1815 Crit. Rev. Mar. 292 One sawney cheating the other, in the way of bargain and sale, of a run down time-piece.

1858 C. Boner Verse 1834–1858 64 Awful it is to feel the heart Has finish'd to heave and knock; Its movement's stopp'd, and now standing still, As still as a run-down clock.

1922 L. T. Everett For Maryland's Honor iv. 25 Thanks to..a run-down watch they missed the train by a hair's breadth.

1974 A. Goddard Vienna Pursuit iv. 141 As though a run-down gramophone had been rewound, he went on.

1977 E. Ambler Send no More Roses x. 231 On the bench was a trickle charger with spring-clip connectors on long leads for attaching the thing to a run-down battery.

2008 J. Mansell Offer you can't Refuse (2009) xxxiii. 241 She'd woken him at five o'clock, calling out from her bedroom to ask him to turn off her beeping, run-down mobile phone.

b. In a low state of health; lacking energy; tired and somewhat unwell, esp. through overwork.Originally a figurative use of sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased

untrumc825

sickc888

unwholec888

slackc897

unstronga900

sicklea1000

sam-halea1023

worseOE

attaint1303

languishinga1325

heallessc1374

sicklyc1374

sicklewa1387

bada1393

mishalea1400

languoring?c1425

distempered1440

unwell?c1450

detent?a1475

poora1475

languorousc1475

maladif1481

illa1500

maladiousc1500

wanthriven1508

attainted1509

unsound1513

acrazed1521

cracked1527

unsoundya1529

visited1537

infirmed1552

crazed1555

healthless1568

ill-liking1572

afflicted1574

crazy1576

unhealthful1580

sickish1581

valetudinary1581

not well1587

fainty1590

ill-disposed1596

unhealthsome1598

tainted1600

ill-affected1604

peaking1611

unhealthy1611

infirmited1616

disaffected1626

physical1633

illish1637

pimping1640

invalid1642

misaffected1645

valetudinarious1648

unhale1653

badly1654

unwholesome1655

valetudinous1655

morbulent1656

off the hooksa1658

mawkish1668

morbid1668

unthriven1680

unsane1690

ailing1716

not wellish1737

underlya1742

poorly1750

indifferent1753

comical1755

maladized1790

sober1808

sickened1815

broken-down1816

peaky1821

poorlyish1827

souffrante1827

run-down1831

sicklied1835

addle1844

shaky1844

mean1845

dauncy1846

stricken1846

peakyish1853

po'ly1860

pindling1861

rough1882

rocky1883

suffering1885

wabbit1895

icky-boo1920

like death warmed up1924

icky1938

ropy1945

crappy1956

hanging1971

sick as a parrot1982

shite1987

1831 J. H. Steel Anal. Mineral Waters Saratoga 189 Tonic remedies prescribed for the purpose of bracing up what was supposed to be a debilitated stomach; or in more familiar terms, ‘to wind up a run down constitution’.

1889 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 35 200 Her general appearance gave the idea of being ‘run down’ in bodily health.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 1/2 Tasmania has, for many years past, been the happy holiday-ground of run-down Indian officers and officials.

1938 E. Waugh Scoop i. ii. 32 Once or twice when Mrs. Salter complained of being run down, they had visited prosperous resorts on the East Coast.

1977 S. Macintyre Single & Pregnant iv. 59 She consulted her doctor complaining of feeling run down and ‘off colour’ and wondering whether she was anaemic.

2002 Top Santé Feb. 16/2 Probiotics help to rebalance the ‘friendly’ bacteria in your vagina, which can be destroyed when you're run-down or taking antibiotics.

c. Esp. of a building or district: in a state of disrepair; dilapidated, shabby; seedy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > dilapidated or ruinous

brychec1000

forcrazedc1320

falling-downc1384

ruinousc1384

forwordenc1450

ruin1467

failed1490

ruinatea1538

ruinated1555

ruined1560

ragged1565

dilapidate1590

through-shot1596

tattered1599

tottered1615

dilapidateda1806

delabrated1813

broken-down1816

tumble-down1819

run-down1832

tumblyc1855

raggedy1921

shot through1926

shot to hell or pieces1926

raddled1949

1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster III. iv. 55 Most of the vessels are smaller in scantling than the run-down (and constantly going down) ten-gun brigs in our service.

1867 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1866 26 55 The first thing to be done in renovating a run-down farm is to underdrain.

1872 J. Griffin Hist. Press of Maine 173 Upon assuming the management of the Times Mr. Newman devoted himself largely to the reconstruction and rejuvenation of a run-down establishment.

1929 T. Wolfe Look homeward, Angel xxxix. 612 He was offered employment..on the teaching staff of the run-down military academy.

1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xxxii. 309 A run-down little suburban house with..a broken wooden verandah.

1977 New Yorker 27 June 24/3 The church, a structure in American-Gothic style..dominates a run-down neighborhood.

2007 E. Morrison Swung (2008) i. 8 An isolated street of run-down Victorian tenements by the side of the motorway.

Derivatives

run-ˈdownness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > disordered state

untemperateness1398

mistemperancec1485

mistemper1549

intemperature1559

mistemperateness1561

mistempering1561

dissension1582

indisposition1598

undisposedness1600

untune1603

disaffection1618

discomposure1646

distemper1648

misaffection1650

indisposedness1654

intemperies1676

intempery1676

intemperament1698

seediness1832

the uglies1846

upset1866

undertone1872

run-downness1890

woofits1918

underfunction1941

underfunctioning1941

1890 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 8 June 14/6 She asserted that ‘there didn't seem to be nothin' the matter, only she didn't have no strength’. Mrs. Whiting again said that it ‘was a kind of run-downness’.

1922 Jrnl. Franklin Instit. Oct. 249 This difference in the run-down-ness of the heat energy must be taken into consideration.

1994 R. Porter London xiii. 307 By the early twentieth century Campbell Road..had a reputation of being almost a prize exhibit in run-downness.

2007 B. Magee Growing up in War xxi. 272 When I now see photographs of London as it was then, I am taken aback by the greyness and drabness of it, the run-downness, the in-your-face poverty.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	run-down
释义	run-downadj. Brit. /ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/, U.S. /ˌrənˈdaʊn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English run , run v., down adv. Etymology: < run, past participle of run v. + down adv., partly after to run down at run v. Phrasal verbs 1. †1. Downtrodden, oppressed. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > suppressed to-bentc1401 suppressed1536 trodden1545 quailed1567 overtroddena1586 underfoot1594 undertrodden1594 downtrodden1597 downtrod1598 low-broughta1599 silenced1609 overborne1611 crusheda1616 trod1638 run-down1683 trampleda1764 overtrampled1827 sat-upon1873 1683 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, & Event Bks. (1883) III. 340 That lost oppertunity of clearing..the run-down truth. †2. Of a watch plate: faced with only one coat of enamel; (of a coat of enamel) not covered with a second or subsequent coat. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [adjective] > of parts of watch run-down1813 1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 319/2 For more common work there are two other modes practised; these are called ‘run-down plates’ and ‘run-down second coats’. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 490 The coarser description of watch plates are made rather differently, and are termed run-down plates, and run-down one coats. 1889 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 208/1 Run-down plates are those which are made by laying enamel upon the copper in sufficient quantities to form plates of the required thickness without putting on a second coat. 3. a. Of a clockwork device: completely unwound. In later use of an electric battery or device: depleted of charge. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > wind-up > not unwound1648 run-down1815 1815 Crit. Rev. Mar. 292 One sawney cheating the other, in the way of bargain and sale, of a run down time-piece. 1858 C. Boner Verse 1834–1858 64 Awful it is to feel the heart Has finish'd to heave and knock; Its movement's stopp'd, and now standing still, As still as a run-down clock. 1922 L. T. Everett For Maryland's Honor iv. 25 Thanks to..a run-down watch they missed the train by a hair's breadth. 1974 A. Goddard Vienna Pursuit iv. 141 As though a run-down gramophone had been rewound, he went on. 1977 E. Ambler Send no More Roses x. 231 On the bench was a trickle charger with spring-clip connectors on long leads for attaching the thing to a run-down battery. 2008 J. Mansell Offer you can't Refuse (2009) xxxiii. 241 She'd woken him at five o'clock, calling out from her bedroom to ask him to turn off her beeping, run-down mobile phone. b. In a low state of health; lacking energy; tired and somewhat unwell, esp. through overwork.Originally a figurative use of sense 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased untrumc825 sickc888 unwholec888 slackc897 unstronga900 sicklea1000 sam-halea1023 worseOE attaint1303 languishinga1325 heallessc1374 sicklyc1374 sicklewa1387 bada1393 mishalea1400 languoring?c1425 distempered1440 unwell?c1450 detent?a1475 poora1475 languorousc1475 maladif1481 illa1500 maladiousc1500 wanthriven1508 attainted1509 unsound1513 acrazed1521 cracked1527 unsoundya1529 visited1537 infirmed1552 crazed1555 healthless1568 ill-liking1572 afflicted1574 crazy1576 unhealthful1580 sickish1581 valetudinary1581 not well1587 fainty1590 ill-disposed1596 unhealthsome1598 tainted1600 ill-affected1604 peaking1611 unhealthy1611 infirmited1616 disaffected1626 physical1633 illish1637 pimping1640 invalid1642 misaffected1645 valetudinarious1648 unhale1653 badly1654 unwholesome1655 valetudinous1655 morbulent1656 off the hooksa1658 mawkish1668 morbid1668 unthriven1680 unsane1690 ailing1716 not wellish1737 underlya1742 poorly1750 indifferent1753 comical1755 maladized1790 sober1808 sickened1815 broken-down1816 peaky1821 poorlyish1827 souffrante1827 run-down1831 sicklied1835 addle1844 shaky1844 mean1845 dauncy1846 stricken1846 peakyish1853 po'ly1860 pindling1861 rough1882 rocky1883 suffering1885 wabbit1895 icky-boo1920 like death warmed up1924 icky1938 ropy1945 crappy1956 hanging1971 sick as a parrot1982 shite1987 1831 J. H. Steel Anal. Mineral Waters Saratoga 189 Tonic remedies prescribed for the purpose of bracing up what was supposed to be a debilitated stomach; or in more familiar terms, ‘to wind up a run down constitution’. 1889 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 35 200 Her general appearance gave the idea of being ‘run down’ in bodily health. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 1/2 Tasmania has, for many years past, been the happy holiday-ground of run-down Indian officers and officials. 1938 E. Waugh Scoop i. ii. 32 Once or twice when Mrs. Salter complained of being run down, they had visited prosperous resorts on the East Coast. 1977 S. Macintyre Single & Pregnant iv. 59 She consulted her doctor complaining of feeling run down and ‘off colour’ and wondering whether she was anaemic. 2002 Top Santé Feb. 16/2 Probiotics help to rebalance the ‘friendly’ bacteria in your vagina, which can be destroyed when you're run-down or taking antibiotics. c. Esp. of a building or district: in a state of disrepair; dilapidated, shabby; seedy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > dilapidated or ruinous brychec1000 forcrazedc1320 falling-downc1384 ruinousc1384 forwordenc1450 ruin1467 failed1490 ruinatea1538 ruinated1555 ruined1560 ragged1565 dilapidate1590 through-shot1596 tattered1599 tottered1615 dilapidateda1806 delabrated1813 broken-down1816 tumble-down1819 run-down1832 tumblyc1855 raggedy1921 shot through1926 shot to hell or pieces1926 raddled1949 1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster III. iv. 55 Most of the vessels are smaller in scantling than the run-down (and constantly going down) ten-gun brigs in our service. 1867 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1866 26 55 The first thing to be done in renovating a run-down farm is to underdrain. 1872 J. Griffin Hist. Press of Maine 173 Upon assuming the management of the Times Mr. Newman devoted himself largely to the reconstruction and rejuvenation of a run-down establishment. 1929 T. Wolfe Look homeward, Angel xxxix. 612 He was offered employment..on the teaching staff of the run-down military academy. 1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xxxii. 309 A run-down little suburban house with..a broken wooden verandah. 1977 New Yorker 27 June 24/3 The church, a structure in American-Gothic style..dominates a run-down neighborhood. 2007 E. Morrison Swung (2008) i. 8 An isolated street of run-down Victorian tenements by the side of the motorway. Derivatives run-ˈdownness n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > disordered state untemperateness1398 mistemperancec1485 mistemper1549 intemperature1559 mistemperateness1561 mistempering1561 dissension1582 indisposition1598 undisposedness1600 untune1603 disaffection1618 discomposure1646 distemper1648 misaffection1650 indisposedness1654 intemperies1676 intempery1676 intemperament1698 seediness1832 the uglies1846 upset1866 undertone1872 run-downness1890 woofits1918 underfunction1941 underfunctioning1941 1890 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 8 June 14/6 She asserted that ‘there didn't seem to be nothin' the matter, only she didn't have no strength’. Mrs. Whiting again said that it ‘was a kind of run-downness’. 1922 Jrnl. Franklin Instit. Oct. 249 This difference in the run-down-ness of the heat energy must be taken into consideration. 1994 R. Porter London xiii. 307 By the early twentieth century Campbell Road..had a reputation of being almost a prize exhibit in run-downness. 2007 B. Magee Growing up in War xxi. 272 When I now see photographs of London as it was then, I am taken aback by the greyness and drabness of it, the run-downness, the in-your-face poverty. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1683
随便看	to speak someone's language to speak someone'the same language to speak strictly to speak the truth to speak through one's nose to speak through the nose to speak to to speak to the wind to speak together to speak unto to speak up to speak upon to speak villainy of to speak volumes to speak with to speak with a full throat to speak with a tongue to speak with a tongue tongues to speak with the least to speak within limits to speak worlds to speak, think, etc ill to speculate to accumulate to speech to speel the drum