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rungn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with West Frisian ronge structural support in a cart, Middle Dutch ronge, rong, rung structural support in a cart (Dutch rong), Middle Low German runge, ronge rod, structural support or rail in a cart, Old High German runga rod, structural support in a cart (Middle High German runge, German Runge), Gothic hrugga (rendering ancient Greek ῥάβδος rod), further etymology uncertain. Compare post-classical Latin runga, ronga, renga, rung of a ladder or mill-wheel, crossbar of a windlass, part of a barge (from early 13th cent. in British sources; < Middle English).Also attested early in place names, as Runcgetun, Norfolk (mid 11th cent.; now Runcton), Runtune, North Riding, Yorkshire (1086; now Rounton), perhaps with reference to the supply or manufacture of wooden poles or (especially in the former instance) to a causeway made from wooden poles laid lengthwise. 1. society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc. OE 10 Ongunnon stigan þa on wægn weras ond hyra wicg somod hlodan under hrunge. a1325 (Cambr.) (1929) 854 Chescune charet ki mene blez Deit aver rideles, [glossed] ronges. 1370 in J. Raine (1854) 53 ij cartbodys novi, j gang de spakes, iiij gang de runges. c1400 (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 64 (MED) Deux hetes so tiegnent; But in þe name [read naue] lyþ þe ȝextre, And tuo ronges holdyn hyt euene. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 105v A Ronge of a carte, epiridium, limes [1483 BL Add. 89074 limo]. 1529 in H. M. Paton (1957) I. 11 For..inputting of certane rungis in the cart hors hekkis. 1591 in J. Barmby (1896) 16 Paid..for a burthen of rounges to the Yeate, 7d. a1642 H. Best (1984) 112 These rammers are made of..such like things as have holes. They putte into the holes 2 rungs to hold by. 1691 in R. Renwick (1908) IV. 22 The couperis of Gorballis have forestalled the mercat by buying of rungs, staves and splitts. 1762 A. Dickson ii. v. 172 Fig. 9. represents the two handles fixed together by the two rungs. 1833 J. C. Loudon §990 The hay~racks to be made 2 feet and a half wide; the rungs (spokes) of 1 inch and a half deal. 1873 R. Broughton I. 20 Algernon has thrust his head far out between the rungs of his chair-back. 1926 Apr. 519/2 The angles of the rungs become very painful under the slow plod-plod of the horse's movement. 1968 B. Hines 56 Billy sat down, sliding down in his seat until his hair scuffed the top rung of the chair back. 2001 K. Slaughter (2002) 139 Before Gordon could move his arms he had cuffed him back through the rungs of the chair. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > lantern > parts of society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > dance music > [noun] > specific dance tunes ?1287 in W. O. Ault (1928) 272 Allocatur eidem .xij. d. pro trendell' ronges cogges et byll'. 1349–50 in P. D. A. Harvey (1976) 483 In Runges et cogges emptis ad rotas eiusdem viij d. 1477 in 24th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland (1892) 107 in (C. 6765) XLIII. 601 (MED) [The miller to provide] cogges [and] ronges [for the mill wheels]. 1483–4 in J. T. Fowler (1898) I. 249 (MED) Pro adquisicione de le cogges et ronges pro molendino de Milburne. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xliiiv To sell..the crabbe trees to mylners to make cogges and ronges. 1566 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers (1872) 302 And the millar to find cog roung and tallo and vthir gud seruice, batht to poir and riche. 1621 R. Brathwait Shepheards Tales in 211 I am sure thou there shalt find, Measures store to please thy mind; Roundelayes, Irish-hayes, Cogs and rongs and Peggie Ramsie. 1685 in C. M. Armet (1953) II. 211 [All necessary materials for upholding of the said milne except] irne naills cog rung spinnels and tallaw. 1775 J. Latimer 27 All those who deal in tooth and pinion, and cog and rung, as clock-maker and mill-wrights. 1792 J. Morgan (new ed.) III. 280 The water..overflowed and greatly damaged, spoiled, injured, and broke to pieces, the said mill.., in divers parts thereof, to wit, in the wheels, alley boards, cogs and rungs thereof. 1825 27 Aug. 19/2 The old method of the cog and rung has the same advantage as to steadying the mill. 1866 9 92 The intermittent noise of this mill, which had wooden cogs and rungs, and a flat bar for the axle of the trundle, attracted his attention and taught him his first lessons in wheel work and gearing. 1914 T. C. Cantrill i. 13 One end of the barrel was..built of bars or rungs, with which the upright cogs of a horizontal wheel were made to engage. 1969 43 26 The whim gin, a distinct improvement on the cog-and-rung gin for winding coal, seems to have become common in Scotland before Tyneside. 2004 J. Langdon iii. 96 Clearly, from the numerous sets of cogs and rungs available in the Wolvesey case, they wore out relatively frequently. 2. society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > rung or step c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) l. 332 in C. Horstmann (1887) 287 Ase he sat on þis laddre lowe, on þe neþemeste roungue. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 439 His owene hand he made laddres thre To clymben by the ronges [v.r. roungis] and the stalkes Vn to the tubbes. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 105v A Ronge of A tre or ledder, scalare. 1554–5 in R. Adam (1899) I. 165 Ane dosone of rungs to rung the lang ledder with, xij d. 1586 245 Ane douzane of gret hesill rounges to the said ledder. 1611 T. Coryate sig. Oov A ladder which containe[s] seuen and twenty steps or rungs as we call them in Somersetshire. 1694 (Royal Soc.) 18 71 Three Ladders differently Runged, that is, the Rungs or steps placed at several distances. 1797 G. Staunton II. iii. 261 The persevering diligence of some of the Chinese, had rendered them masters in the art of balancing their bodies upon a wire, while walking upon it; or a ladder, while passing through its rungs. 1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 8 May in (1835) II. 253 The upper rung of the ladder was in view, when the foremost man..fell backward. 1887 W. Besant xv. 122 A young man got upon a ladder..and sat upon the topmost rung. 1941 ‘Gypsy Rose Lee’ vi. 107 ‘I yelled to him to help me get from the rungs to his platform’—she used her hands to describe a distance of a foot or so between the ladder and the flies. 1971 S. Howatch (1972) iv. iii. 410 There were missing rungs of shaft ladders, worn rails on the main tramming level and the gig needed overhauling. 2007 A. Smith 44 He took hold of the sides of the ladder, lifted his feet off the rung..and slid himself neatly to the ground. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 44 And [the fiend] leith a laddre þere-to, of lesynges aren þe ronges [v.r.longes]. ?a1450 (Tanner 201) (1979) 113 (MED) Þe rongon of þe laddere buþ þe vij werkes of mercy. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi 21 The religious Founder thereof hath fashioned out the rongues of a ladder to heaven. 1670 Earl of Clarendon (1727) 176 It is a vow of obedience.., as the upper and highest wrung of the ladder, to the pope. 1794 J. Courtenay 64 By this ladder of Jacob, we mount to the skies; The sides are of faith, and the rungs are of hope. 1865 16 Dec. 766 On the lowest rung of the Christmas ladder stand the Infant Books. 1883 S. C. Hall I. 1 One of the lowest rungs of Memory's ladder. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) II. 1136 We have now climbed the evolutionary ladder of the plant kingdom and reached the highest rung. 1979 J. Harvey xxiii. 111 As Works Manager he was only two rungs below director. 2003 K. Kenny 102 They occupied the lowest rungs of the social ladder and worked largely in menial, unskilled occupations. 3. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] 1491 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 180 Til a wyfe at Baythcat bog at the king revit a rong fra. 1540 in W. Cramond (1903) I. 49 For the manessing of the saidis Katerine with ane rung. 1588 in D. Masson (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 270 The said Robert Lekky..maliciouslie straik and dang thame with rungis and treis. 1631 in S. A. Gillon (1953) I. 153 Dyuers straikis with kentis, battones, forkis, rungis, staeffis and uther wapponis. 1678 G. Mackenzie ii. 468 With a great Batton, or rung in his hand, and with knives and other invasive weapons. 1721 J. Kelly 396 I'll take a Rung, and rizle your Rigging with it. 1795 R. Burns (1968) II. 765 Till, slap! come in an unco loun, And wi' a rung decide it! 1838 J. Grant 296 The Scotchman threw his ‘rung’, as he called it, and sure enough he hit the stick. 1893 S. R. Crockett 195 The sound of the watchman's oak ‘rung’ had been too much for them. 1924 79 [He] gart his rung ower Jock play fung. 1953 M. Traynor 238 Rung, any cudgel or stick. 2002 E. Ewan in R. A. McDonald vi. 179 In Elgin in 1540 Agnes Baldon was convicted of casting a stone at Katherine Falconer and shedding her blood, of menacing her with a rung (stout stick). c1650 in D. Laing (1853) 2nd Ser. xxvi. 3/2 Oh! that I could speake Scotch,..I would rime out runges, and then I'd bange'um, His ribbes and rigge, and [etc.]. 1711 A. Ramsay vii Death wi' his rung rax'd her a yowff, And sae she died. 1805–6 J. Nicol I. 120 (Jam.) An' as for Poortith,..Aft hae I..felt her rung. 1858 M. Porteous (ed. 2) 32 Yet there ye sang, though neth the dred O' poortith's rung. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > floor timber(s) a1625 H. Mainwaring (Harl. 2301) Rungs are the Timbers which doe give the flower of ye Shipp, and theise are bolted to the Keele. 1627 J. Smith ii. 2 They lay the Rungs, called floore timbers, or ground timbers, thwart the keele. 1688 R. Holme (1905) iii. xv. 37/1 The Runges or Rung heads, the same to hooks and futtocks. 1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges iii. Rungs, are the Floor-Timbers, or Ground-Timbers of a Ship, those that thwart the Keel, and are Bolted to it, and constitute her Floor. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 2003/1 The spaces between the rungs are spirkets. Compoundssociety > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > cart (usually two-wheeled) > with open sides a1300 (Bodl.) (1929) 855 Runge staves [a1325 Arun. ronge stafs; a1325 Trin. Cambr. wunge staves; glossing a1325 Cambr. roilouns]. 1389–90 in J. T. Fowler (1901) III. 596 Pro lucracione 20 gang de rungstoures pro carectis, 18 d. 1612 S. Sturtevant xiv. 102 The water Plegnick which mooueth either inuisibly and secretly vnder the water and by the water with one rong wheele. 1791 J. Sinclair I. 277 There are about 300 small rung carts,..which are employed in leading home the fuel from the moss, and the corn to the barn-yard. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. (at cited word) In a corn-mill..the one which has cogs drives the other, and is called the cog-wheel, the other, from its having spokes or rungs, is called the rung-wheel. 1854 H. Miller vi. 116 I was..so greatly recruited..as to be fit..to be removed, in the old man's rung-cart. 1907 W. R. O. Hill xiv. 64 He actually came up forty feet on a rung ladder..and died a minute after he reached the surface. 1934 Mar. 353/2 To make it possible for a workman to stand on a rung ladder as..on the floor, a removable step with a wide tread has been made. 1992 Jan. 84/1 Here's a good way to mount a paint tray on an ordinary rung stepladder. Derivatives society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [adjective] > of ladder: furnished with rungs 1583 Brechin Test. I. f. 75v, in at Rungit Ane roungit cheir price v s. 1694 (Royal Soc.) 18 71 Three Ladders differently Runged. 1886 D. Macleod 160 The ladder by which he climbed to fame and fortune was runged by indomitable perseverance. 1923 A. Huxley xvi. 230 The monster..climbs up the runged back of his chair and stands, by a miraculous feat of acrobacy, on the topmost bar. 2004 C. Snell 139 We use the narrow, metal-runged ladder on the left when we need to switch the valves. 1837 June 527 The broad ladder laid against the wall, rickety and somewhat rungless though it be,..is more to our own taste. 1920 A. E. Sheffield iv. 95 The hoarder of broken-nosed teapots or rungless chairs. 2000 (Nexis) 9 Feb. The struggle to fight your way up the corporate ladder (which at times feels greased and rungless) can make your present job seem less than appealing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rungadj.1 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English rung , ring v.1 Etymology: < rung, past participle of ring v.1 Compare earlier unrung adj.1 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > ringing sound > [adjective] > rung 1595 G. Markham sig. E4 George de Prunaria, a Spanish Knight, Euer held valiant in dispight of fate,..Till Grinuile, wakned with his loud rung fight, Dispatcht his soules course vnto Plutos gate. 1618 sig. B3v Lamentations, rung peales of woe, and such a confusion of sorrow possessed the people, that it was pittifull to see. 1848 Mar. 149/2 The words ‘onwards’ and ‘to come’ are to him the rung changes of the sphere-music, and fearlessly..he follows them. 1860 S. T. Dobell in Aug. 327 Tho'..the encountered shock Of your clashing battles jar The rung heav'ns. 1921 Mar. 470/2 Every day and every night, at the sound of a rung bell, the people came out of the little houses. 1971 M. S. Harper ii. 48 He thumbs the solo piano In a wickerchair blues Tripping a rung tune in its Scratching black keys. 2006 C. Cussler & J. B. Du Brul vii. 87 The can..clanged like a rung bell, and as she emerged from the alley she knew her pursuers had heard it, too. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rungadj.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English rung , ring v.2 Etymology: < rung, past participle of ring v.2 Compare ringed adj. and earlier unrung adj.2 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having a snout > having ring in nose a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lviii. 11 in (1640) III Like those, That hang their richest jewells i'their nose; Like a rung Beare, or Swine. 1775 W. Marshall 7 Feb. (1778) The rung ox is as passive as a spaniel. 1886 E. Lynn Linton III. xi. 233 It was not exactly the kind of thing that..my Lady herself, would like, to carry her by main force..shrieking and shouting, ‘like a rung pig’. 1919 Oct. 31/1 A ‘rung’ pig is comfortable as long as he confines his food hunt to the surface of the ground. 1953 M. Traynor 233/2 Screechin' like a rung pig. the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [adjective] > having ring of bark removed > to kill tree 1844 G. Greenwood 59 The existence of this tree and of rung branches proves to ocular demonstration that the sap goes up the heart wood. 1885 R. C. Praed i. ii. 35 They were only pressed into service when..‘rung’ trees (that is, gums which had been barked and allowed to wither) required felling. 1906 6 61 The giant ‘rung’ trees are left, 8 or 10 per acre, standing dead and gaunt in the fields and pastures. 1937 R. Fairbridge 51 Though oppressed by the desolate stretches of ‘rung’ country, we were delighted with the living bush. 2000 T. Bonyhady (2002) iii. 83 When settlers tried to burn the rung trees, a great many stumps remained. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
