roundlyadj.
/ˈraʊndli/, U.S. /ˈraʊn(d)li/ rare.
Somewhat round or circular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] > somewhat round
rounded?a1425
roundish1545
roundly1616
rounding1628
obrotund1653
obround1668
subrotund1753
subrotundous1775
subrotundate1840
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals (new ed.) I. iv. 80 This Scyte. About the edges of whose roundly [1613 (ed. 1) roundle] forme, In order grew such Trees as doe adorne The sable hearse.
1850 E. C. Benedict Amer. Admiralty xvi. 132 This current..is turned by a roundly motion backwards across the Atlantic again.
2005 T. Moerz et al. in G. Martinelli & B. Panahi Mud Volcanoes, Geodynamics & Seismicity i. 61 Mound 12..has an approximately equal dimensional, roundly shape in map view.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
roundlyadv.
/ˈraʊndli/, U.S. /ˈraʊn(d)li/ 1.
a. In a circular manner; so as to form a circular, spherical, or curved shape. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adverb]
roundly?a1425
orbicularly?1520
rotundly1598
orbiculately1856
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 19v In þe fote bene 2..wardez of bonez. In þe first ward bene 3 bonez, aggregate, i. gadred to gider, roundly [?c1425 Paris in roundenesse; ?a1425 Hunterian as it were in a roundel; L. rotundaliter].
c1450 J. Metham Physiognomy in Wks. (1916) 126 (MED) Eyn the qwyche meue..dyfferently, sum roundely, sumtyme endelyngys, yff the eyn be grete and dymme, thei sygnyffyie ontemperatnes off lecchery.
a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 22v (MED) Loke wher the brokyn boon holdith hym with the scull and ther it shall be a lyttyll felt and othir whill; all rowelyche [perh. read rounelyche] it shall be dyvyd down.
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iv. 273 And thus M. Hardings reasons renne roundely against him selfe.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O2 Her golden lockes she roundly did vptye In breaded tramels.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 65 But the Heau'ns course, nor wandring vp nor downe, Continually turnes onely roundly-round.
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Rondelik, roundly, or in the forme of a round.
1794 D. Ure Agric. Dumbarton 19 One third of the county, however, is yet open, or but roundly inclosed; that is the farms are inclosed, but not subdivided.
1865 Reader No. 139. 242/3 Round and roundly oval cells.
1873 J. Ruskin Love's Meinie iii. §82 Its beak..is bent down so roundly that the angriest parrot cannot peck, but only bite.
1923 J. Hornell Indian Boat Designs 177 It is simply a punt bow ending roundly instead of being truncated.
1933 Burlington Mag. Apr. 176/2 The..Portrait of the Hutten Family in Munich contains roundly formed tree tops.
2000 G. Zobel in S. Scholz-Cionca & S. L. Leiter Japanese Theatre & Internat. Stage 86 ‘Banging the bowls’..is performed by hitting the upper, roundly carved part of the shishi head against the lower one.
b. Plumply; with a full, rounded figure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adverb] > fat or plump
roundly1656
obesely1820
fatly1866
podgily1866
chubbily1909
tubbily1924
1656 Wit & Drollery 89 This for the virtue; now the trade Of these sweet wives so roundly made; Your neat panch clenser is a woman That spreadeth in the haunch most common.
1775 J. Whitaker Hist. Manch. II. viii. 284 Kettle, Skittle, and Scuttle are all of the same kindred with Cat, and signify any swelling or roundly protuberant object.
1851 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales II. xi. 161 Sometimes a lady passed, swelling roundly forth in an embroidered petticoat.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxxix. 272 She was fine in figure; roundly built; had deep red lips with keen corners; dark eyelashes and brows.
1906 Canad. Mag. May 29 She was tall and roundly made; perfect health and the sea winds lit her eyes and cheeks.
1962 J. Lindsay tr. Apuleius Golden Ass x. 226 He gave strict instructions to his wife..whose belly was swelling roundly.
1986 F. Peretti This Present Darkness xvii. 163 A middle-aged roundly built man dressed in loose trousers and tunic sat Indian fashion on a large cushion.
2.
a. In full; completely; thoroughly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly
welleOE
furtherlyc1175
through and through?1316
perfectlya1400
radically?a1425
roundly?a1425
substantiallya1425
perfectc1425
thoroughly1442
substantiallyc1449
throughlya1450
naitlyc1450
through1472
surely?a1475
cleanc1475
through stitch1573
fundamentally1587
down1616
perfectedly1692
minutely1796
homea1825
good1834
rotten1840
out1971
full on1979
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 97v (MED) Fracture..is complete in which al þe bone is broken roundly.
c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 75 Office of sellar within the Kinges household hath a sergeaunt that shall..awnswere roundly there to every gallon, pottell, and pynte, by measure.
1565 A. Nowell Reproufe f. 123 v That will he proue you both roundly, & plentifully, by makyng declaration.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 56 He that was taken with the manner, had his payment roundely, and was punished with fasting besides.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 17 I was calld any thing, and I would haue done any thing indeede too, and roundly too. View more context for this quotation
1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden iii. vii. sig. G And a man had come to London for nothing else but to be Cheated, hee could not bee more roundlier rid of his money.
1704 T. Staynoe Salvation by Jesus Christ Alone II. xi. 340 The Counsel and Purpose of God's Mercy to him..is not so fully and roundly laid down in them till the institution of Baptism.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 606 God..Will reckon with us roundly for th' abuse Of what he deems no mean or trivial trust.
1825 W. Scott Talisman ix, in Tales Crusaders III. 214 The blame rests..with those with whom..I hope to reckon roundly.
1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §88 The result of our instruction is only that we are able to produce the most perfectly and roundly ill-done things that ever came from human hands.
1911 M. Gouverneur As I Remember x. 236 Burns..was unwilling to part with his lands without being roundly paid for them.
1999 R. Shaw Reclaiming Amer. 2 The election and reelection of the Clinton-Gore ticket..roundly disproved this analysis.
b. With reference to a statement: without doubt or qualification; absolutely.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > dogmatic assertion > [adverb]
flatly1562
peremptorily1571
flat1577
pontifically1582
roundly1596
categorically1603
plonkingly1965
1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. vi. 310 When cardinall Allen in his notes vpon this place, auoucheth roundly that this text conuinceth praier for the dead.
1633 G. Herbert Affliction in Temple v I scarce beleeved, Till grief did tell me roundly, that I lived.
1671 J. Webster Metallographia vii. 116 But we may as roundly say, that the Lapis Lazuli is the Marchasue of Gold.
1709 J. Swift Vindic. I. Bickerstaff 5 He very roundly asserts, That he is not only now alive, but was likewise alive upon that very 29th of March.
1773 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) X. 418 I do not roundly affirm this of every sentence..in the fifty volumes.
a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 155 When I ventured to question the soundness of these assertions, he roundly replied that they were certain truths.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. 424 [He] prints..certain discreditable words which he roundly asserts that I wrote.
1936 Scrutiny 5 38 Jung, indeed, insists that he is a bold man nowadays who would roundly declare, without so much as by-your-leave from the doctor, that he is altogether free of it [sc. neurosis].
1947 Archaeologia Aeliana 4th Ser. 25 154 There is a half-round stone in the west wall of the nave at about 20', and central, which Mr. Hall roundly declares is the saddle stone of a porch.
1999 B. Levick Vespasian i. 5 Suetonius..states roundly that he [sc. Sabinus] did no military service.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [adverb] > at a steady pace
roundlyc1450
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 71 (MED) Soonere is the mule ofte times at seynt james that goth roundliche [Fr. rondement] than is thilke that smiteth and sporeth his hors and maketh him go sharpliche.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation xi. 8 Start him off roundly, and run him to the very top of what he can do during the whole Course.
4. † a. Directly; without circumlocution. Chiefly in to come roundly to the point and variants. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adverb]
shortlyc893
brieflya1300
shortc1374
in sumc1384
compendiously1398
in brief1423
roundlya1516
succinctly?1537
brief1557
succinct1593
abbreviately1599
compactly1603
laconically1631
presslya1637
compactedly1649
curtly1654
concisely1686
laconicly1709
straightforwardly1874
scantly1885
a1516 H. Medwall Godely Interlude Fulgens sig. Cvii Moche rehersall wolde let the spede Of all this matter... Let vs roundely to the matter we come for.
1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1303/2 He went roundly to the matter, and sayd vnto them: what wyl ye gyue me and I shal delyuer hym to you.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 143 Then (to go to the matter roundly without circumstances) here be two parts.
1622 L. Andrewes Serm. (1841) IV. 160 They go roundlier to the point than doth Suarez, or any of them have been blundering about this gear of late.
1626 R. Peeke Three to One sig. A4 Not to weary you with long Præambles,..I will come roundly to the matter.
1713 in A. Boyer Quadriennium Annæ Postremum (1719) VII. 450 He comes roundly to the Point, and intreats me to give them some Ease and Comfort.
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl I. v. 137 Sir Solomon was obliged to come roundly to the point.
1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon I. xxxi. 298/1 The Sheik of Alexandria, who affected so much devotion to Buonaparte's person, came roundly to the point with him.
1893 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 395 After some preparatory talk, he came roundly to the point.
b. Rapidly, briskly, promptly. Now archaic and rare (in later use chiefly Nautical).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adverb]
yeverlyeOE
cofeOE
snellya1000
whatlichea1000
swiftlyc1000
yernea1023
skeetc1175
swithc1175
whatec1175
lightly?c1225
tidelyc1225
fastlyc1275
swithc1275
fastc1300
quickc1300
titec1300
quicklya1325
rada1325
snellc1330
titelyc1330
swithly?1370
hastlya1375
ketlya1375
ketec1380
speedlyc1380
speedfully1398
keenlya1400
skeetlya1400
speedilya1400
swiftc1400
yederlyc1400
apacea1423
rasha1475
runninglyc1475
speedful?c1480
rackly?a1500
rashly1533
stiffly1535
roundly1548
post1549
fleet1587
fleetly1598
speedy1601
raptly1646
fastisha1650
wingedly1651
rapidly1653
rapid1677
velociously1680
express1765
quicklike1782
spankingly1803
spankily1842
fleetingly1883
quick-foot1891
on the quick-foot1894
zippily1924
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adverb] > swiftly and briskly
sharplya1000
smartc1300
smartlyc1300
spackc1330
wightlyc1330
spacklya1350
swipperly?a1400
wighta1400
nimblyc1450
quiverly1519
roundly1548
nimble1568
bragly1579
snap1583
yarelya1616
briskly1665
smartish1839
nippily1932
snappingly1976
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Cursim legere, to reade a pase, to reade roundely.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 46 He never made ani bones at it, but trudgd up roundely to work the feat.
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse xiii. f. 71 Hee fell roundly to his victuals, hauing not eate any in a sennight before.
1639 Ld. Dungarvan in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. IV. 45 Wee had neither foote nor artillery yet was it resolued wee shold charge them roundly.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 362 Lord Shaftesbury reckoned himself gone at Court, and acted more roundly.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 322 The main sheet [is] eased off roundly.
1821 W. Scott Pirate III. iv. 98 I..enforced my commands with a blow, which he returned as roundly.
1865 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 3) 170 Slack off the studding-sail sheets roundly.
1903 H. James Ambassadors viii. 101 Strether had the next minute proceeded as roundly as if with an advantage to follow up.
1987 W. Golding Close Quarters iv. 45 Bring her stern across half a point to starboard and roundly!
5. † b. Openly, without concealment. Obsolete.
a. With reference to speech: plainly; bluntly; outspokenly; vehemently.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adverb] > straightforwardly or directly
platc1375
in short and plainc1386
plaina1387
platlyc1390
in (also at, on, unto) (a, the) plainc1395
roundc1405
homelya1413
directly1509
roundly1528
point-blank1598
in good set termsa1616
broadly1624
crudely1638
plain downa1640
plumply1726
plumpa1734
squably1737
straightforward1809
unvarnishedly1824
pine-blank1834
blankly1846
squarely1860
straight out1874
straightforwardly1906
1528 S. Gardiner Let. 1 Apr. in N. Pocock Rec. of Reformation (1870) (modernized text) I. li. 127 On the morrow we returned unto the pope's holiness and spake roundly unto him.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. ii. i. 52 The ladie Wake..hearing the king hir cousine to gather vp the bishop so roundlie..dooth presentlie picke a quarrell against him.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. F4v Pleusidippus..gaue him the lie roundly in this replie.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxi. §6. 535 They told the Prophet roundly, that they would worship the Queene of Heauen.
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise ii. i. 15 And prethee tell him roundly of his Faults.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 276 Our Commodore..roundly answer'd..that he would go when he saw it convenient.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. ii Let me beg you..to enforce this matter roundly to the girl.
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 202 When I reprove a sturdy beggar for being idle, he tells me roundly, that he cannot get employment.
1821 J. W. Croker Diary 17 Aug. in Croker Papers (1884) I. vii. 202 He renewed all his complaints..and said roundly that he would not go on any longer.
1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. 275 He told his father roundly that he would not go.
1909 P. S. Marden Trav. Spain vii. 156 Nor does the Spaniard esteem it a sin to swear roundly in a way that would shock a moderately religious American.
1997 A. Raife Larach xiv. 133 ‘I don't think walkers really know it will be a problem,’ Clare remarked... ‘Then they damn well should,’ Donald said roundly.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]
barelyc950
beforeOE
openlyOE
nakedly?c1225
in a person's bearda1250
opelyc1275
apertly1297
commonlya1325
opena1325
overtlyc1325
pertlya1375
plainc1380
in (also on) opena1382
in apertc1384
plainlyc1390
in open (also general) audiencea1393
aperta1400
in commonaltya1400
outa1400
without laina1400
in commonc1400
publishlyc1400
pertc1410
in publicc1429
on higha1450
in pert1453
to a person's facea1470
into heightc1480
forthward?1504
but hidel?1507
publicly1534
uncolouredly1561
roundly1563
famously1570
vulgarly1602
above board1603
round1604
displayedly1611
on (also upon) the square?1611
undisguisedly1611
broadly1624
discoveredly1659
unveiledly1661
under a person's nose1670
manifestly1711
before faces1762
publically1797
overboard1834
unashamedly1905
upfront1972
1563 A. Brooke Agreem. Sondry Places Script. lx. 160 They should go roundly and francklie where their vocation allotteth them.
1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 19 Morgan began roundly to make open warre agaynst him.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. I3v/2 [He] Has challeng'd me downe right, defied me mortally... What a bold man of warre, he invites me roundly.
1642 Compl. to Ho. Commons 17 Wee must now deale roundly for the truth.
1744 A. Sidney Of Use & Abuse of Parl. I. i. viii. 77 'Tis like a Roman, to deal so openly and roundly.
1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power i. 39 The claim, which he advanced somewhat roundly, and beyond his predecessors apparently.
1891 Truth (Sydney) 26 Apr. 3/7 He's punished less who roundly robs the nation Than he who ‘nabs’ a jumbuck from a station.
6. † a. With reference to written expression: in a finished or polished style; elegantly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [adverb] > in polished or cultured manner
roundly1538
tersely1600
politely1624
smooth1746
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Rotunde, roundly, aptely, elegantly, handsomly, proprely in wordes.
1667 S. Woodford Paraphr. Psalms David Pref. sig. Cv The Bishops is close, exactly answering the Text, and for that kind of measure,..very smooth, and roundly expressed.
1669 H. Thorndike Let. 18 May in Theol. Wks. (1856) VI. xvi. 140 The Misna must needs bee as anciently written as is pretended, by the very stile of it, beeing so roundly and so elegantly couched.
1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 22 Leave such to tune their own dull Rhimes, and know What's roundly smooth, or languishingly slow.
1760 G. Colman Polly Honeycombe Pref. p. vii The whole Piece..should have been tagged with a Couplet or Two; and then every thing would have gone off smoothly and roundly.
1852 Times 2 July 4/5 The less there is to be told, the more smoothly and roundly it can be expressed.
1872 Brit. & Foreign Evangelical Rev. July 612 All the points that go to make up the apparatus homileticus will be found to be sent forth as roundly and elegantly as may be.
b. With verb of speaking: eloquently; fluently; readily. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [adverb]
roundly1546
babblingly1561
babblishly1574
talkatively1589
full-moutha1605
fluently1613
volubly?1615
gliba1623
glibly1669
gash1721
gashlya1774
rattlingly1824
loquaciously1854
garrulously1859
chatteringly1864
communicatively1868
chattily1892
talkingly1895
gushily1921
yappingly1924
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue x. sig. Dv In myne aunts eare she whispreth anon Roundly these words, to make this matter whole. Aunt, leat theim that be a colde blowe at the cole.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 222 They falsly, yea & wrongfully pretende the knowlege of Christ, although they can eloquently & roundely talke of the Gospell.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 123 This tong that runnes so roundly in thy head. View more context for this quotation
a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. vi. 393 All the Polonians..can speake the lattin tounge, and that roundly, but most falsly.
1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 538 Sir Dudley Diggs quickned his motion and spoke roundly.
1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (iv. 11) 64 Cannot I..take away this Impediment.., and make thee to speak as roundly and gracefully, as any Man living?
1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. 237 Mankind..generally have an Inclination to magnify their Ideas, and to talk roundly and universally concerning any thing they speak of.
1777 M. Rokeby Peace Best Policy 100 Would it be as roundly and readily answered.
1846 E. A. Poe in Godey's Lady's Bk. Aug. 76/2 He is sensitive, punctilious; speaks well, roundly, fluently, plausibly, and is skilled in pouring oil upon the waters of stormy debate.
1863 ‘M. Harland’ Husks i. 14 The most commonplace phrase came smoothly and roundly from her tongue.
1905 H. E. Legge James Legge 175 How he does talk, and how well,—roundly, rapidly, eloquently.
7. Severely; harshly; unsparingly.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > strictness > [adverb] > severely or sternly
sternlyc897
stitha1000
sterna1175
foulc1275
stithlya1300
steevely1340
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
fiercely1611
piquantly1691
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adverb]
sternlyc897
sharplyc900
stitha1000
hardlyOE
starklyOE
sterna1175
stithlya1300
hardilyc1300
ruggedlya1382
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
acerbly?a1425
brussly1481
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
strictly1602
fiercely1611
Draconically1641
rugged1661
1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse f. 213 S. Hierome taketh him vp roundly, and twiteth him of ignorance.
1570 E. Grindal Remains (1843) (modernized text) 324 The Vice-chancellor and heads of houses proceed not so roundly in this case as were requisite, in my judgment.
1588 J. Udall State Church of Eng. sig. G3 The Queene shall..take them vp roundly, that they shall not dare to speake any more.
1607 S. Hieron Discovery of Hypocrisie 2 He takes them vp very roughly & very roundly, calleth them a generation of vipers.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. 2 They must also expect to be roundly fined, and some have been fined in above Ten thousand Livres.
1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. vii. ii. 17 I took the young Lady herself very roundly to Task.
1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son iv. 68 I rattled him off roundly, for dreaming of it.
1810 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) II. 302 This said Kehama..will get it roundly in the Edinburgh Review.
1892 W. Pike Barren Ground N. Canada 96 I..abused him roundly when I found he had come without it.
1906 J. London White Fang ii. i. 62 She proceeded to punish him roundly, until he gave over all attempts at placation.
1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths p. xxx The giantess Hyndla roundly censured her [sc. Freyja] for riding on her human lover Ottar.
2007 J. Dent Twelve Mighty Orphans iii. 28 The boys were roundly punished, but the fighting continued.
8. With reference to an amount, quantity, etc.: approximately; so as to round up or down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb]
overheadOE
generally1340
overalla1393
largelya1398
altogether1566
roundly1584
liberally1708
broadly1856
überhaupt1875
1584 J. Rainolds & J. Hart Summe of Conf. 410 Genebrard doth take the aduantage of the word, and helpeth it with adding [a hundred yeares after,] which fitteth some what roundly the time that Iustinian raigned after Constantine.
1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. Albeit their number arose to an hundred & five, yet roundly they went for an hundred, and so were called.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 74 That seems to be spoken roundly and in the gross, without taking notice of odd years.
1784 Polit. Mag. & Parl., Naval, Mil. & Lit. Jrnl. Aug. 137 Mr Glover,..in 1775, roundly stated the number of Negroes at rather more than 400,000.
1830 W. Clarke Three Courses & Dessert 139 Crumpton, Brothers, and Cross are debited items, to the tune of seven thousand pounds (speaking roundly).
1894 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 147 162 Neighboring streams were cut to a depth that may be roundly stated as 250 feet.
1914 H. Stuck Ascent Denali vii. 151 Twenty thousand six hundred and ninety-six feet, or, roundly, twenty thousand seven hundred feet.
1956 Times 11 June 16/3 Employment in May, throughout the country, showed an increase over April of roundly one million.
2001 Mod. Railways Feb. 47/1 Roundly, this means usage by 100,000 passengers a day.
9. Heartily; with gusto.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > sincere emotion > [adverb]
in all one's hearteOE
of heartOE
with (also mid) all one's heartOE
with one's heartOE
heartlyc1225
innerlyc1330
dearlya1350
heartilya1375
with a whole hearta1375
faithfullyc1405
affectiouslya1420
affectuously?a1425
affectuallyc1425
mainlyc1450
from (also fro) one's heart1477
cordiallyc1515
precordially1534
earnestfulc1540
hearty1570
affectedly1582
roundly1603
devoutly1604
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. ii. 199 Some of the Stoikes deeme it not amisse for man sometimes to take his liquor roundly, and drinke drunke, thereby to recreate his spirites.
1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant i. ii. 7 We have eat heartily, drank roundly, paid plentifully, and let it go for once.
1840 F. W. Taylor Flag Ship I. viii. 275 Lingo and the Sepoy both laughed roundly, and made no more opposition to my entering the consecrated room of the altar.
1910 Overland Monthly Oct. 417/1 In confusion, these would call out ‘Watch!’ (Halt!)—and then all would stop and laugh roundly.
1990 J. Conaway Napa vii. xlix. 457 He was being roundly booed for pantywaistedness and intellectual obtuseness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1616
adv.?a1425