ruminatev.

Brit.

/ˈruːmᵻneɪt/, U.S.

/ˈruməˌneɪt/

Forms: 1500s–1600s ruminat, 1500s– ruminate, 1600s rumynat.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rūmināt-, rūmināre, rūminārī.

Etymology: < classical Latin rūmināt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of rūmināre or rūminārī to chew (food) over again, to chew the cud, to turn over in the mind, meditate < rūmen rumen n. Compare Middle French, French ruminer (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French), Catalan ruminar (14th cent.), Spanish ruminar (a1500 in past participle ruminado ), Portuguese ruminar (15th cent.; 14th cent. as †romear ), Italian ruminare (a1292). Compare later rumine v.

a. transitive. To revolve, turn over repeatedly in the mind; to meditate deeply upon.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe iii. xi. 65 Let him..accustome him selfe to behold, and marke well them that be angry, with the successe of that anger, and ruminate it in his mynde a good space after.

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 151 In this circulatory motion, wee shuld ruminate Pauls wheele of fourteen spokes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vii. 101 Conduct me, where from company, I may reuolue and ruminate my greefe.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G2 While I in sullen rage did ruminate The Creatures vanity and wofull state.

1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 240 I had a damp upon my spirits, when I ruminated within myself the certain and unavoidable difficulty.

1791 E. Burke Let. to Member Nat. Assembly in Wks. (1842) I. 481 When the guilty themselves do not choose..by ruminating their offences, [to] nourish themselves..to the perpetration of future crimes.

1824 Sat. Night 1 357/2 It was highly unreasonable to require a man publicly to deliver his sentiments upon any subject, without first giving him an opportunity to ruminate the same in his own thoughts in private.

1854 A. Georgii Biogr. Sketch Peter Henry Ling 29 During these walks he used to ruminate the different parts of his system.

1900 J. K. Jerome Three Men on Bummel x. 223 ‘Besides,’ remarked Harris, who had evidently been ruminating the subject, ‘you would not wish to have nothing but downhill, surely.’

1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. i. 20 More profoundly she ruminated the other problem, of rich and poor.

1975 N.Y. Times 26 Sept. 35/2 Mr. Rodgers has lived long, created much and filled an age with the sound of his music. Perhaps he has earned the right to ruminate..the art of autobiography.

2009 R. N. Macomber Honored Dead xxx. 318 I had been ruminating the what-ifs of my decisions.

b. transitive. To contemplate or consider (a plan, course, etc.) with a view to subsequent action. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] > beforehand

forethinkc897

advise1385

ripea1475

prepense1509

premeditate?1526

forecast1534

prepend1534

precogitate1569

ruminatea1592

preponderate1599

preponder1624

study1663

a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. C Thou that ruminatest to thy selfe a catalogue of priuie conspiracies.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 6 To ruminate strange plots of diere reuenge.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 101 Shee ruminates a thousand severall sorts of revenge.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 8 Ruminating wrath, he scorns repose.

1740–1 S. Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xii. 23 I went in, and began to ruminate with myself what I had best to do.

1806 R. Fellowes tr. J. Milton Second Def. in C. Symmons Prose Wks. John Milton VI. 398 You must remember..when Salmasius was anxiously ruminating, how he might re-establish his ruined character.

1806 ‘C. Dacre’ Zofloya I. vi. 131 ‘This will never do,’ she cried, while ruminating how best she might vex and harass the mind of her unfortunate guest.

1830 T. Flint Shoshonee Valley II. xi. 171 Her mind immediately began to ruminate the ways and means of undoing the web, which she had so recently woven.

1885 Cent. Mag. Apr. 848/2 Mr. Kittrell..was ruminating what remark he should make about Miss Mattox, whom he both disliked and feared.

1910 V. Cross Eternal Fires xi. 271 The drive was made almost in silence while he was ruminating how to approach her.

1922 H. Belloc Mercy of Allah xii. 266 As though I were ruminating what could next be done.

†c. transitive (reflexive). To contemplate (oneself). Obsolete. rare. N.E.D. (1910) interprets quot. c1604 as illustrating a separate sense, ‘to take counsel’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [verb (reflexive)] > take counsel or consult

ruminatec1604

c1604 Charlemagne (1938) v. 98 Come sweete loue, I will loue thee without more intreatye, let vs withdrawe & in pryuate rumynat our sellues together.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 186 The proud Lord That..neuer suffers matter of the world Enter his thoughts, saue such as doth reuolue, And ruminate him-selfe.

a. intransitive. To muse, meditate, ponder.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > meditate, reflect [verb (intransitive)]

howOE

study?c1225

bethinkc1300

muse1340

recorda1400

imaginec1400

to take thoughtc1450

contemplaire1474

medite1483

remord1535

contemplate?1538

ruminate1547

meditate1560

scance1606

excogitate1630

cogitate1633

reflect1772

1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies sig. ❧.vj Let vs ruminat, and (as it were) chewe the cudde, that we may haue ^ye swete Joyse,..taste,..and consolacion of them.

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 56 If I dyd but ruminate [for] the dayz I haue spoken of, I shall bring oout yet sumwhat more.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 245 He..ruminates like an hostisse, that hath no Arithmatique but her braine to set downe her reckoning.

1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 217 I shall not ruminate, but look forward.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶8 After having taken a Pipe of Tobacco, and ruminated for some time.

1785 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 406 This blossom of an idea..came out into full blow as I ruminated upon my pillow.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. v. 112 The news startled the Cardinal, and he ruminated.

1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (ed. 2) vi. 137 The glorified saint of Scripture is especially a beholder;..he does not merely ruminate within.

1909 Chatterbox 222/1 For a moment he ruminated, not understanding the feeling of cold water round his feet.

1926 ‘N. Shute’ Marazan viii. 251 The sergeant ruminated, grunted, and rubbed his chin.

1992 Esquire July 45/2 I stood at the lip of the park, ruminating. Next to me was a telephone kiosk.

b. intransitive. With about, of, on, upon, over.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 169 That Texte of the Psalmist, about the which..my soule may alwayes ruminat.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4 For my head, But ruminates on Negromantique skill, Philosophy is odious and obscure.

1639 J. Woodall Viaticum (new ed.) in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 317 To ruminate of the things that most conduced to the mischiefe.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 96 To ruminate upon evils..is to add unto our own Tortures.

1708 W. Beveridge Publick Prayer & Frequent Communion ii. 141 Still ruminating upon that Spiritual Food which we have eaten.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 36 I ruminated very much about it.

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. 211 Young Lord Bottom..sat apart, ruminating and feeding on his own Cogitations.

1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xiv. 138 Ruminating, very unpleasantly, upon my future prospects.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. xiii. 421 Away she went,..leaving our hero to ruminate over the transformations which he had been a witness of.

1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. i. 11 Those noble lines in which Byron makes the dying gladiator ruminate over the coming vengeance for his fate.

1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. xvi. 348 He ruminated on his melancholy.

1933 ‘B. Ross’ Trag. of Z xii. 184 It was while I was ruminating over this sad state of affairs..that the inspiration came to me.

1957 Times 5 Jan. 5/3 The detainees can expect to have up to two years behind barbed wire to ruminate on politics.

1999 S. Orbach Impossibility of Sex (2000) 198 The issues that were set off in me as I ruminated about the patients in the book.

c. intransitive. Psychiatry. To have obsessive thoughts. See rumination n. 1c.

ΚΠ

1966 Psychiatric Q. 40 479 The patient began to ruminate psychotically.

1990 M. Shepherd Conceptual Issues in Psychol. Med. iii. 130 He admitted that he was unable to prevent himself from ruminating on past events though he realized that he was distressing himself.

2005 M. Mathews et al. Psychiatry iii. 63 The patient has been ruminating about suicide and guilt feelings.

a. intransitive. Of an animal: to chew the cud; to chew again food that has been partially digested in the rumen. Also in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed (of animals) [verb (intransitive)] > ruminate

roungec1425

ruminate1579

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 22 The beasts feeding there were wont to come vnder the same [tree],..and there dyd Ruminate [printed Ruminare; 1595 Ruminate].

1614 J. Norden Labyrinth Mans Life sig. G^v Let him not murmur, rather ruminate, Re-chaw the cudde of wilful wayes forgot.

1681 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Stomachs & Guts vi. 26 in Musæum Regalis Societatis Of divers Beasts which Ruminate, thus much is true.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 471. ¶2 Those Repositories in several Animals, that are filled with Stores of their former Food, on which they may ruminate.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1764 I. 265 He made various sounds with his mouth, sometimes as if ruminating, or what is called chewing the cud.

1881 T. H. Huxley in Nature 8 Sept. 453/2 An animal which had two complete toes on each foot, and ruminated.

1928 A. W. Sampson Livestock Husb. on Range & Pasture xi. 183 It is characterized by a high temperature and a rapid pulse in the beginning of the attack, and the animal does not eat or ruminate.

1961 M. Sarton Small Room viii. 111 What she longed to do was go off somewhere alone, to..quietly chew the cud of these last weeks, ruminate, be still.

2002 D. F. Lott Amer. Bison iii. 29 Bison calves don't ruminate for the first three months..because they don't yet get their nutrition from plants.

b. transitive. To chew again (partially digested food); to subject to rumination in the rumen. Now chiefly in quotations from Virgil (quot. 1742) and as ruminated adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. ii. x. 529 Thus does he ruminate and re-ruminate his cud againe.

1742 J. Hamilton tr. Virgil Pastorals vi. 20 Having his snow-white side supported with the soft hyacinth, ruminates the pale herbs.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. i. 6 He says: Of all the fish that graze beneath the flood, He only ruminates his former food.

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 364 That liquor, which does not require to be ruminated, is conveyed directly to the fourth stomach.

1919 Theosophy 7 266 Kapilavastu pondered this saying as the buffalo ruminates the food gathered in his journeying.

a. intransitive. Of a person, a person's teeth, etc.: to chew on, upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > chew

chow1382

chew1393

ruminate1605

masticate1935

1605 A. Warren Poore Mans Passions sig. C^v Teeth ruminating on their empty iawes.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 275 That the Spirits of the Wine may have whereupon to ruminate, and feed.

1862 Knickerbocker May 413 Moses still continued ruminating upon his tobacco.

1923 M. P. Montague Deep Channel v. 72 She stood behind the counter, ruminating slowly upon her gum.

2006 J. L. Sackett Dakota Gold v. 60 He ruminated on his tobacco for moment [sic] before sending another stream arching into the grass.

b. transitive. To chew, turn over in the mouth again. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > chew > thoroughly or again

commanducate1599

rechew1609

ruminate1610

rechaw1614

fletcherize1903

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Song of Sol. vii. 9 As the best wine, worthie for my beloued to drinke, & for his lippes and his teeth to ruminate.

a1635 R. Corbet Iter Boreale in Certain Elegant Poems (1647) 2 Because he neede but ruminate that ore Which he had chew'd the Sabbath-day before.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 393 Literature which could be carried by the post bag..formed the greater part of the intellectual nutriment ruminated by the country divines and country justices.

1851 Sartain's Union Mag. 8 363/2 We lay by the camp-fire, ruminating our supper.

1884 R. Paton Sc. Church xiv. 148 Like a clean animal, ruminating it, he turned it into most sweet verse.

1902 Harper's Mag. June 147/1 They..silently ruminated their tobacco and spat into the clustering cuspidors at their feet.

1994 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 165 307/1 Wilson (1839) recorded successful management of an ‘extremely diminutive’ 7-year-old boy, who bolted and ruminated food.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruminate
释义	ruminateadj. Brit. /ˈruːmᵻnət/, /ˈruːmᵻneɪt/, U.S. /ˈrumənət/, /ˈruməˌneɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ruminatus. Etymology: < scientific Latin ruminatus (1788 or earlier in botanical use), specific use of classical Latin rūminātus, past participle of rūmināre ruminate v.; compare -ate suffix². Compare later ruminated adj. 3. Botany. Of the endosperm of a seed: having an irregular pattern of ridges and furrows, so as to appear chewed, as in nutmeg (genus Myristica) and soursop ( Annona muricata). Cf. ruminated adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [adjective] rivelledOE wrinkled1563 channelled1597 ribbed1597 trisulcated1703 ribby1706 rugose1707 ruminate1800 ruminated1828 striolate?1841 multicostate1849 crested1856 fork-ribbed1858 tricostate1861 bicarinate1872 carinal1872 vallecular1875 carinate1876 bicarinated1880 trisulcate1891 1800 J. Hull Elements Bot. I. 183 The Palmæ, which perplex the Anthologists, are easily separated from the neighbouring plants by the hollow or ruminate albumen. 1899 H. G. Greenish Introd. Study Materia Med. iv. 169 The latter [sc. a seed] is hard, but can be cut with a knife, and then exhibits a marbled interior, (ruminate endosperm). 1913 F. L. Sargent Plants & their Uses iv. 134 The seed-food (looking as if it had been chewed and hence described as ‘ruminate’. 1963 Bot. Gaz. 124 362/1 The inability of the otherwise photosynthetic cotyledons to emerge from the seed results from the ruminate nature of the endosperm. 2007 D. F. Cutler et al. Plant Anat. vii. 130 The ruminate endosperm is easily seen in hand sections of whole nutmeg seeds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ruminatev. Brit. /ˈruːmᵻneɪt/, U.S. /ˈruməˌneɪt/ Forms: 1500s–1600s ruminat, 1500s– ruminate, 1600s rumynat. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rūmināt-, rūmināre, rūminārī. Etymology: < classical Latin rūmināt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of rūmināre or rūminārī to chew (food) over again, to chew the cud, to turn over in the mind, meditate < rūmen rumen n. Compare Middle French, French ruminer (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French), Catalan ruminar (14th cent.), Spanish ruminar (a1500 in past participle ruminado ), Portuguese ruminar (15th cent.; 14th cent. as †romear ), Italian ruminare (a1292). Compare later rumine v. 1. a. transitive. To revolve, turn over repeatedly in the mind; to meditate deeply upon. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe iii. xi. 65 Let him..accustome him selfe to behold, and marke well them that be angry, with the successe of that anger, and ruminate it in his mynde a good space after. 1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 151 In this circulatory motion, wee shuld ruminate Pauls wheele of fourteen spokes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vii. 101 Conduct me, where from company, I may reuolue and ruminate my greefe. View more context for this quotation 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G2 While I in sullen rage did ruminate The Creatures vanity and wofull state. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 240 I had a damp upon my spirits, when I ruminated within myself the certain and unavoidable difficulty. 1791 E. Burke Let. to Member Nat. Assembly in Wks. (1842) I. 481 When the guilty themselves do not choose..by ruminating their offences, [to] nourish themselves..to the perpetration of future crimes. 1824 Sat. Night 1 357/2 It was highly unreasonable to require a man publicly to deliver his sentiments upon any subject, without first giving him an opportunity to ruminate the same in his own thoughts in private. 1854 A. Georgii Biogr. Sketch Peter Henry Ling 29 During these walks he used to ruminate the different parts of his system. 1900 J. K. Jerome Three Men on Bummel x. 223 ‘Besides,’ remarked Harris, who had evidently been ruminating the subject, ‘you would not wish to have nothing but downhill, surely.’ 1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. i. 20 More profoundly she ruminated the other problem, of rich and poor. 1975 N.Y. Times 26 Sept. 35/2 Mr. Rodgers has lived long, created much and filled an age with the sound of his music. Perhaps he has earned the right to ruminate..the art of autobiography. 2009 R. N. Macomber Honored Dead xxx. 318 I had been ruminating the what-ifs of my decisions. b. transitive. To contemplate or consider (a plan, course, etc.) with a view to subsequent action. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] > beforehand forethinkc897 advise1385 ripea1475 prepense1509 premeditate?1526 forecast1534 prepend1534 precogitate1569 ruminatea1592 preponderate1599 preponder1624 study1663 a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. C Thou that ruminatest to thy selfe a catalogue of priuie conspiracies. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 6 To ruminate strange plots of diere reuenge. View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 101 Shee ruminates a thousand severall sorts of revenge. 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 8 Ruminating wrath, he scorns repose. 1740–1 S. Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xii. 23 I went in, and began to ruminate with myself what I had best to do. 1806 R. Fellowes tr. J. Milton Second Def. in C. Symmons Prose Wks. John Milton VI. 398 You must remember..when Salmasius was anxiously ruminating, how he might re-establish his ruined character. 1806 ‘C. Dacre’ Zofloya I. vi. 131 ‘This will never do,’ she cried, while ruminating how best she might vex and harass the mind of her unfortunate guest. 1830 T. Flint Shoshonee Valley II. xi. 171 Her mind immediately began to ruminate the ways and means of undoing the web, which she had so recently woven. 1885 Cent. Mag. Apr. 848/2 Mr. Kittrell..was ruminating what remark he should make about Miss Mattox, whom he both disliked and feared. 1910 V. Cross Eternal Fires xi. 271 The drive was made almost in silence while he was ruminating how to approach her. 1922 H. Belloc Mercy of Allah xii. 266 As though I were ruminating what could next be done. †c. transitive (reflexive). To contemplate (oneself). Obsolete. rare. N.E.D. (1910) interprets quot. c1604 as illustrating a separate sense, ‘to take counsel’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [verb (reflexive)] > take counsel or consult ruminatec1604 c1604 Charlemagne (1938) v. 98 Come sweete loue, I will loue thee without more intreatye, let vs withdrawe & in pryuate rumynat our sellues together. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 186 The proud Lord That..neuer suffers matter of the world Enter his thoughts, saue such as doth reuolue, And ruminate him-selfe. View more context for this quotation 2. a. intransitive. To muse, meditate, ponder. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > meditate, reflect [verb (intransitive)] howOE study?c1225 bethinkc1300 muse1340 recorda1400 imaginec1400 to take thoughtc1450 contemplaire1474 medite1483 remord1535 contemplate?1538 ruminate1547 meditate1560 scance1606 excogitate1630 cogitate1633 reflect1772 1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies sig. ❧.vj Let vs ruminat, and (as it were) chewe the cudde, that we may haue ^ye swete Joyse,..taste,..and consolacion of them. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 56 If I dyd but ruminate [for] the dayz I haue spoken of, I shall bring oout yet sumwhat more. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 245 He..ruminates like an hostisse, that hath no Arithmatique but her braine to set downe her reckoning. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 217 I shall not ruminate, but look forward. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶8 After having taken a Pipe of Tobacco, and ruminated for some time. 1785 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 406 This blossom of an idea..came out into full blow as I ruminated upon my pillow. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. v. 112 The news startled the Cardinal, and he ruminated. 1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (ed. 2) vi. 137 The glorified saint of Scripture is especially a beholder;..he does not merely ruminate within. 1909 Chatterbox 222/1 For a moment he ruminated, not understanding the feeling of cold water round his feet. 1926 ‘N. Shute’ Marazan viii. 251 The sergeant ruminated, grunted, and rubbed his chin. 1992 Esquire July 45/2 I stood at the lip of the park, ruminating. Next to me was a telephone kiosk. b. intransitive. With about, of, on, upon, over. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 169 That Texte of the Psalmist, about the which..my soule may alwayes ruminat. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4 For my head, But ruminates on Negromantique skill, Philosophy is odious and obscure. 1639 J. Woodall Viaticum (new ed.) in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 317 To ruminate of the things that most conduced to the mischiefe. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 96 To ruminate upon evils..is to add unto our own Tortures. 1708 W. Beveridge Publick Prayer & Frequent Communion ii. 141 Still ruminating upon that Spiritual Food which we have eaten. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 36 I ruminated very much about it. 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. 211 Young Lord Bottom..sat apart, ruminating and feeding on his own Cogitations. 1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xiv. 138 Ruminating, very unpleasantly, upon my future prospects. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. xiii. 421 Away she went,..leaving our hero to ruminate over the transformations which he had been a witness of. 1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. i. 11 Those noble lines in which Byron makes the dying gladiator ruminate over the coming vengeance for his fate. 1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. xvi. 348 He ruminated on his melancholy. 1933 ‘B. Ross’ Trag. of Z xii. 184 It was while I was ruminating over this sad state of affairs..that the inspiration came to me. 1957 Times 5 Jan. 5/3 The detainees can expect to have up to two years behind barbed wire to ruminate on politics. 1999 S. Orbach Impossibility of Sex (2000) 198 The issues that were set off in me as I ruminated about the patients in the book. c. intransitive. Psychiatry. To have obsessive thoughts. See rumination n. 1c. ΚΠ 1966 Psychiatric Q. 40 479 The patient began to ruminate psychotically. 1990 M. Shepherd Conceptual Issues in Psychol. Med. iii. 130 He admitted that he was unable to prevent himself from ruminating on past events though he realized that he was distressing himself. 2005 M. Mathews et al. Psychiatry iii. 63 The patient has been ruminating about suicide and guilt feelings. 3. a. intransitive. Of an animal: to chew the cud; to chew again food that has been partially digested in the rumen. Also in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed (of animals) [verb (intransitive)] > ruminate roungec1425 ruminate1579 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 22 The beasts feeding there were wont to come vnder the same [tree],..and there dyd Ruminate [printed Ruminare; 1595 Ruminate]. 1614 J. Norden Labyrinth Mans Life sig. G^v Let him not murmur, rather ruminate, Re-chaw the cudde of wilful wayes forgot. 1681 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Stomachs & Guts vi. 26 in Musæum Regalis Societatis Of divers Beasts which Ruminate, thus much is true. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 471. ¶2 Those Repositories in several Animals, that are filled with Stores of their former Food, on which they may ruminate. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1764 I. 265 He made various sounds with his mouth, sometimes as if ruminating, or what is called chewing the cud. 1881 T. H. Huxley in Nature 8 Sept. 453/2 An animal which had two complete toes on each foot, and ruminated. 1928 A. W. Sampson Livestock Husb. on Range & Pasture xi. 183 It is characterized by a high temperature and a rapid pulse in the beginning of the attack, and the animal does not eat or ruminate. 1961 M. Sarton Small Room viii. 111 What she longed to do was go off somewhere alone, to..quietly chew the cud of these last weeks, ruminate, be still. 2002 D. F. Lott Amer. Bison iii. 29 Bison calves don't ruminate for the first three months..because they don't yet get their nutrition from plants. b. transitive. To chew again (partially digested food); to subject to rumination in the rumen. Now chiefly in quotations from Virgil (quot. 1742) and as ruminated adj. 2. ΚΠ 1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. ii. x. 529 Thus does he ruminate and re-ruminate his cud againe. 1742 J. Hamilton tr. Virgil Pastorals vi. 20 Having his snow-white side supported with the soft hyacinth, ruminates the pale herbs. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. i. 6 He says: Of all the fish that graze beneath the flood, He only ruminates his former food. 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 364 That liquor, which does not require to be ruminated, is conveyed directly to the fourth stomach. 1919 Theosophy 7 266 Kapilavastu pondered this saying as the buffalo ruminates the food gathered in his journeying. 4. a. intransitive. Of a person, a person's teeth, etc.: to chew on, upon. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > chew chow1382 chew1393 ruminate1605 masticate1935 1605 A. Warren Poore Mans Passions sig. C^v Teeth ruminating on their empty iawes. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 275 That the Spirits of the Wine may have whereupon to ruminate, and feed. 1862 Knickerbocker May 413 Moses still continued ruminating upon his tobacco. 1923 M. P. Montague Deep Channel v. 72 She stood behind the counter, ruminating slowly upon her gum. 2006 J. L. Sackett Dakota Gold v. 60 He ruminated on his tobacco for moment [sic] before sending another stream arching into the grass. b. transitive. To chew, turn over in the mouth again. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > chew > thoroughly or again commanducate1599 rechew1609 ruminate1610 rechaw1614 fletcherize1903 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Song of Sol. vii. 9 As the best wine, worthie for my beloued to drinke, & for his lippes and his teeth to ruminate. a1635 R. Corbet Iter Boreale in Certain Elegant Poems (1647) 2 Because he neede but ruminate that ore Which he had chew'd the Sabbath-day before. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 393 Literature which could be carried by the post bag..formed the greater part of the intellectual nutriment ruminated by the country divines and country justices. 1851 Sartain's Union Mag. 8 363/2 We lay by the camp-fire, ruminating our supper. 1884 R. Paton Sc. Church xiv. 148 Like a clean animal, ruminating it, he turned it into most sweet verse. 1902 Harper's Mag. June 147/1 They..silently ruminated their tobacco and spat into the clustering cuspidors at their feet. 1994 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 165 307/1 Wilson (1839) recorded successful management of an ‘extremely diminutive’ 7-year-old boy, who bolted and ruminated food. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1800v.1533
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ruminateadj.

ruminatev.