| 释义 |
ruddockn. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rud n.1, -ock suffix. Etymology: Apparently < rud n.1 + -ock suffix. Compare ruddy adj.In some of the β. forms perhaps influenced by red adj. With sense 1 compare later Robin ruddock n. Compare also the following Old English gloss, which probably shows a word denoting the robin, probably derived from red adj. or its Germanic base (although the phonology is difficult to explain):eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 104/1 Rubisca, raedda, rabisca. With sense 2 compare earlier red n. 3. In sense 3 apparently after various French words for reddish apples, showing specific uses of diminutives of words for ‘red’. Apparently originally after Middle French rougelet kind of cider apple, lit. ‘little red one’ (1583 in pomme de rougelet in the passage translated in quot. 1600; French †rougelet ; compare earlier rougelet (adjective) reddish (c1450)); compare also French rouget kind of cider apple (1611 in Cotgrave; earlier in sense ‘kind of reddish fish’: see rochet n.2). In quot. 1611 apparently after French †rouveau (c1300 in Old French as rouviau (in pomme de rouviau ); 1284 as rouvel (adjective) in sense ‘reddish’; < classical Latin rubellus reddish: see rubella n.); compare redding n.2 2. The semantic motivation of sense 4 is uncertain. Compare Middle French, French †rubette toad (1372; also 1549 denoting a green frog; alteration of classical Latin rubēta toad ( < ruber red (see red adj.) + a suffix of uncertain origin), after French -ette -ette suffix); allegedly so called on account of the colour of its eyes (in spite of the implication of the quot., no evidence of this suggestion has been found in the works of either Pliny or Bartholomaeus Anglicus):1372 J. Corbechon in tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Richel. 22533) f. 321 Du boterel dit Plinius qu'il est autrement appellé rubette pour les yeux qu'il a rouges [of the toad Pliny says it is also called rubette because of its red eyes.]Compare also Cotgrave's definition:1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rubette, a greene earth-Frog, or red Toad; very full of poyson, and of great vse among witches. Attested early as a byname and surname (apparently with allusion to sense 1), as Godefridus Ruddoc (1166), Azor Ruddoch (1176), etc. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Erithacus > erithacus rubecula (robin) α. OE (1955) 102 Rubisca, rudduc. c1175 Libellus de Nominibus Naturalium Rerum in T. Hunt (1991) I. 23 Rubisca, ruddoc. a1325 (Cambr.) (1929) 749 (MED) Car il ad vereder o verder [glossed] roddocke. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in (1906) 23* Sparwe ruddoc and larke. c1430 (c1380) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1871) l. 349 The tame rodok [c1450 Fairf. Ruddok, a1500 Cambr. Ff.1.6 ruddoke] & the coward kyte. c1460 (?c1400) 685 (MED) How sote this seson is..The thrustelis & the thrusshis..The ruddok & the Goldfynch. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 702/41 Virudiarius, a ruddoke. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano sig. N ij The .xj. is a ruddocke, called robyn red brest. 1595 E. Spenser Epithalamion in v. sig. G6 The Ouzell shrills, the Ruddock warbles soft. 1654 R. Vilvain Suppl. 230 Men may catch Ruddicks or Thrushes in Pitfals. 1688 R. Holme ii. 245/2 The Robin Red Breast, or Ruddock, is a small Bird generally pricking up his Tail. 1750 R. Heath 299 They have Linnets, Gold finches, Ruddocks,..and many other common Birds. 1806 E. Rushton 106 From his grounds may the lark never soar, On his boughs may the Ruddock be mute. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies lv, in 28 The sweet And shrilly ruddock, with its bleeding breast. 1882 11 Nov. 424/1 The wood robin..takes the place with us of the red-breasted ruddock. a1930 R. Bridges Poor Poll in (1936) i. 509 Ruddock & Merle & Finch squabbling among themselves nor gave you thanks nor heed while you sat silently. 1991 I. Sutherland 46 Ruddag, robin society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > (a) gold coin 1567 G. Turberville Poems 134 b The greedie Carle..saw the Pot..Where Ruddocks lay, and in the Ruddocks place A knottie Cord, but Ruddocks could not find. c1580 tr. Bugbears i. i, in (1897) 98 304 You have store of pence & riddockes in great plentie. 1592 J. Lyly ii. i If..he haue golden ruddocks in his bagges, he must be wise and honourable. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán ii. 147 Three thousand crownes, in good, dainty braue ruddocks, all good double pistolets. 1628 R. Hobart (unauthorized ed.) 19 The solace of the wayning yeares, To view their ruddocks, and their heapes of treasure. 1826 H. Smith II. iii. 99 Sib Fawcett has golden ruddocks in her locker, and has little need..for pilling or pollage, or taxing or tollage. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > cider apples 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault iii. xlix. 535 These kindes of cyders are made principally of the apples called small ruddocke [Fr. pommes de rougelet]. 1611 R. Cotgrave at Rouveau Pomme de rou[veau], the Ruddocke, Redding, Summer Goulding. the world > animals > amphibians > order Anura or Salienta (frogs and toads) > [noun] > types of frog or toad > unspecified and miscellaneous types 1668 W. Charleton 24 Ranunculus viridis, Calamites,..the Green Frog, or Ruddock. 1688 R. Holme ii. vii. 130 Beasts that live both in the Water and Land, are the Otter, Beaver, Crocodile, Tortois, Toad, Frog, Ruddock, Lisard, Asker. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti I. 51/1 We are told, that the Land-toad, or Ruddock, if..burned in a Field, will drive away the Birds from devouring the Seeds. 1749 G. West tr. Lucian Triumphs of Gout in tr. Pindar 246 The pois'nous Ruddock [Gk. ϕρύνους] some, and Shrew-Mouse boil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE |
