rootern.¹

Brit.

/ˈruːtə/, U.S.

/ˈrudər/,

/ˈrʊdər/

Forms: 1500s roter, 1500s wrooter, 1600s– rooter.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: root v.¹, -er suffix¹; root n.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < root v.¹ + -er suffix¹, and partly < root n.¹ + -er suffix¹. The semantic motivation for senses 4 and 5 is not clear; it is possible that they may not show the same word. Compare also rooter n.²In sense 1b perhaps also partly associated with rooter n.² With sense 2 compare root and branch adv. In form wrooter influenced by association with wroot v., wrooter n.

a. An uprooter or eradicator of something. Usually with out, up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > eradication or extirpation > one who or that which eradicates or extirpates

extirperc1503

voiderc1528

rooter1560

disperser1580

depeller1597

eradicator1659

extirpator1706

dispeller1717

uprooter1828

dispellent1869

extirpationist1881

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvij^v Whiche had alwayes ingendred the roters out of Heresyes.

1570 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xvi. f. 80 Cassander the father of them, the roter vp of the kings house.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 21 Mollyfying the..hourely crucifier of Iesus Christ crucifyde & wrooter vp of Pallestine.

1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir i. sig. B2 The strongest champion of the Pagan gods And rooter out of Christians.

1650 J. Arnway Tablet Charles I (1661) 184 Rooters of truth and order.

1763 Remarks upon Pamphlet Refl. Liberty & Necessity 2 Lord Bolingbroke certainly never made Theology enough his study to give him credit as a setter up of new doctrines, or a rooter up of old foundations.

1771 D. Grant Two Diss. Popish Persecution 59 Till these rooters-out of prejudices can bring the bulk of mankind to think as they do.

1843 Christian Remembrancer 6 476 The image with the golden cloak is the good man in power and authority, who fears no evil person, the cultivator of virtue, the rooter out of vice.

1862 G. Rawlinson Five Great Monarchies: Chaldæa vii. 164 The destroyer of crops, the rooter-up of trees.

1914 F. Bond Ded. & Patron Saints Eng. Churches viii. 94 He was a furious rooter up of Paganism, its temples and its idols.

1994 Independent (Nexis) 31 July (Sports section) 11 The role of television as an informer on the misdemeanours committed out of the referee's vision, the rooter-out of the wrongdoers, is by no means new.

b. More fully rooter plough. An implement or machine for loosening the surface of the ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > scarifier

scarificator1776

scarifier1794

rooter1810

hash1821

twin1847

rototiller1923

Rotavator1936

1810 Inventory Estate S. E. Butler in Georgia Hist. Q. (1946) 52 217 6 coulters..3 Shear plows..6 rooters.

1836 Farmers' Cabinet 15 Aug. 48/1 Rough and stony ground may indeed be rooted up by the short rooter plough.

1872 C. Stearns Black Man of South i. ix. 90 The ‘turn or shovel plough’..is considerably longer than the rooter, but does not penetrate the ground so far.

1919 A. H. Blanchard Amer. Highway Engineers' Handbk. viii. 433 For breaking up hardpan, old macadam, or other stiff material, a rooter plow..is employed.

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 333/2 At first a small rooter was used which was designed for scarifying pavements and roads and which could be drawn by a 40 h.p. tractor.

1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. Pl. xxxix This very pure calcareous material is soft enough to be excavated by rooters, and in consequence can be produced at low cost.

1996 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 26 June c3 Motoring around Toronto's core district is never fun, but it's miserable these days—what with the city's huge diggers and rooters and pavement-busters out there, blocking every third downtown thoroughfare.

2. Also with capital initial. An advocate of the abolition of episcopal government. Cf. root and branch adv. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > episcopacy > [noun] > supporter of > not

antipraesulist1640

rooter1642

1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. 161 The Rooters, the Antiprelaticke party declaim against me.

1711 W. Oldisworth Dial. Timothy & Philatheus III. 65 Even the Lord Say and others, that were afterwards Rooters, declar'd only for a Reformation at first.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 27 The Rooters and Through-Reformers made clean Work with the Church.

1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church I. xvii. 378 Vane and Cromwell, who now began to appear among the rooters as they were called.

1833 Dublin Univ. Mag. July 7/1 Radical reformers, whether they breathe the air of England or of France, whether they rejoice in the denomination of rooters, or roundheads, or of sansculottes, are an insatiate people.

1900 W. A. Shaw Hist. Eng. Ch. I. 79 Its numbers included more than the mere Rooters.

1981 A. Fletcher Outbreak of Eng. Civil War iii. 112 Even convinced rooters were unnerved.

2006 D. Purkiss Eng. Civil War ix. 202 You didn't have to be concealing works of art to be wary of those who came to be called ‘the rooters’, after the satirically named Root and Branch petition.

3. A plant that puts down roots in a specified way. Also figurative.deep-rooter: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry xii. iii. 628/1 The Farmer is not tied down to this only Plant, he may take his Choice among all the deep Rooters.

1836 Paxton’s Hort. Reg. Sept. 329 This tree is so ready a rooter, that nothing but a bad or really defective medium will prevent it from extending its roots far and wide in a short period.

1885 T. Baines Greenhouse & Stove Plants 344/2 This Witsenia is a moderately free rooter, and succeeds best in good fibrous peat.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Mar. 2/1 Her first cousin..is a deep-rooter, and must be looked after betimes.

1920 A. D. Webster London Trees 17 The Ailanthus is a shy rooter, and in consequence is apt to be blown over during stormy weather.

1954 H. B. Burgess & Q. C. Ayers Engin. for Agric. Drainage xiv. 423 The water table is maintained at..6 inches for peppermint which is an even shallower rooter with the bulk of its roots in the first 4 inches of soil.

1994 Functional Ecol. 8 229 The large-seeded tap-rooted species being better suited to soft soil and deep litter, and the small-seeded lateral rooters to rocky soil and a lack of litter.

2009 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 24 Sept. d3 I try also to plant daffodils and Narcissus as early as possible, because they are naturally early rooters.

†4. slang. A high ponytail (see quot. 1840). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > other specific styles of hair

roll1538

puff1601

Tuscan-top1602

cock-up1692

turban1727

bird's nest1730

rooter1840

coxcomb1843

roach1872

flop1900

Buster Brown1904

peppercorn1910

upsweep1946

bouffant1955

beehive1960

Prince Valiant1964

blow-dry1966

Mary Stuart1966

bouffy1970

Mohawk haircut1979

Mohican1983

fauxhawk2000

1840 Gen. Mercer in R. J. Macdonald Hist. Dress Royal Regiment Artillery (1899) 50 The remainder of the hair was gathered into a queue behind..and tied close to the head; this we called a rooter.

†5. slang. A remarkably good example of something. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) Rooter, anything good, or of a prime quality; ‘that is a Rooter’, i.e., a first-rate one of the sort.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rootern.²

Brit.

/ˈruːtə/, U.S.

/ˈrudər/,

/ˈrʊdər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: root v.², -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < root v.² + -er suffix¹, originally after Dutch wroeter wrooter n. Compare earlier wrooter n.

1. A pig or other animal that roots or grubs in the ground (also with up); (U.S.) a pig allowed to roam free; (with distinguishing word) a particular breed or variety of pig, often (spec.) a razorback hog. Occasionally figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by eating habits

whey-pig1585

rooter1607

shock pig1759

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 664 The Cooke said vnto me, come hither thou vnderminer of houses, thou rooter vp of land, fearefull, fugitiue little Pig.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Wroeter, a Rooter, or a Grubber.

1681 Heraclitus Ridens 16 Aug. 2/2 If he be not a Hog,..he is always a Rooter, whining, and grunting.

1855 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1854: Agric. 56 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 59, Pt. 3) VII Hogs, in this county, are raised in great quantities of almost every breed, from the long-nosed ‘Hoosier’ or ‘Prairie Rooter’, to the small-boned ‘Middlesex’.

1864 Daily Tel. 27 Sept. He is a very ugly pig—a cross between the Irish ‘greyhound’ and the Yankee ‘rooter’.

1886 P. Robinson Valley Teetotum Trees 25 The pig may..grow gaunt and fierce, a rooter among strange wild foods.

1934 Z. N. Hurston Jonah's Gourd Vine x. 155 Droves of piney wood rooters nosed for ground nuts.

2002 Times 22 Aug. (Business section) 32/1 Early nomadic societies could not raise pigs because pigs are largely static rooters, and unsuitable for the constant movement of the nomadic existence.

2. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). A supporter or fan of a sports team or player. More generally: a person who supports or encourages another; a staunch advocate, a partisan.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager

friendOE

procurera1325

fautorc1330

voweec1380

corner-stonec1384

abettor1387

vocatec1390

procurator1395

maintainer?a1400

proctora1413

supporter1426

comforter1483

factorc1503

allower1528

advancer1536

affirmer?1541

agreer1548

encourager1562

fortifierc1565

favourer1567

aim-crier1597

suffragator1606

seconder1623

countenancera1625

affectionate1628

adstipulator1646

flesher1646

fauterera1662

advocate1735

sympathizer1816

sympathista1834

advocator1837

ite1852

rooter1889

spear-carrier1960

1889 World (N.Y.) 14 Aug. 1/7 Cleveland has the most scientific crowd of ‘rooters’ in the country.

1901 Speaker 19 Jan. 439 At the first class cricket matches for years he has been what in the States they call a rooter.

1939 G. Ade Let. 7 July (1973) 212 I attended the convention as a spectator and also as a rooter for Theodore Roosevelt.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Nov. p. xix/1 The exclusive audience that goes to Twickenham or Lord's is replaced by millions of rooters.

1978 N.Y. Times 29 Mar. b 5/1 The Wildcats' coach..had walked back into the stands to embrace his family and shake hands with some rooters with blue and white buttons.

2002 New Yorker 25 Nov. 60/1 The screechings and leapings and back-poundings of the bundled-up Giants rooters next to me in the left-field bleachers..were being repeated pretty much all around the bay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rooter
释义	rootern.¹ Brit. /ˈruːtə/, U.S. /ˈrudər/, /ˈrʊdər/ Forms: 1500s roter, 1500s wrooter, 1600s– rooter. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: root v.¹, -er suffix¹; root n.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < root v.¹ + -er suffix¹, and partly < root n.¹ + -er suffix¹. The semantic motivation for senses 4 and 5 is not clear; it is possible that they may not show the same word. Compare also rooter n.²In sense 1b perhaps also partly associated with rooter n.² With sense 2 compare root and branch adv. In form wrooter influenced by association with wroot v., wrooter n. 1. a. An uprooter or eradicator of something. Usually with out, up. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > eradication or extirpation > one who or that which eradicates or extirpates extirperc1503 voiderc1528 rooter1560 disperser1580 depeller1597 eradicator1659 extirpator1706 dispeller1717 uprooter1828 dispellent1869 extirpationist1881 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvij^v Whiche had alwayes ingendred the roters out of Heresyes. 1570 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xvi. f. 80 Cassander the father of them, the roter vp of the kings house. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 21 Mollyfying the..hourely crucifier of Iesus Christ crucifyde & wrooter vp of Pallestine. 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir i. sig. B2 The strongest champion of the Pagan gods And rooter out of Christians. 1650 J. Arnway Tablet Charles I (1661) 184 Rooters of truth and order. 1763 Remarks upon Pamphlet Refl. Liberty & Necessity 2 Lord Bolingbroke certainly never made Theology enough his study to give him credit as a setter up of new doctrines, or a rooter up of old foundations. 1771 D. Grant Two Diss. Popish Persecution 59 Till these rooters-out of prejudices can bring the bulk of mankind to think as they do. 1843 Christian Remembrancer 6 476 The image with the golden cloak is the good man in power and authority, who fears no evil person, the cultivator of virtue, the rooter out of vice. 1862 G. Rawlinson Five Great Monarchies: Chaldæa vii. 164 The destroyer of crops, the rooter-up of trees. 1914 F. Bond Ded. & Patron Saints Eng. Churches viii. 94 He was a furious rooter up of Paganism, its temples and its idols. 1994 Independent (Nexis) 31 July (Sports section) 11 The role of television as an informer on the misdemeanours committed out of the referee's vision, the rooter-out of the wrongdoers, is by no means new. b. More fully rooter plough. An implement or machine for loosening the surface of the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > scarifier scarificator1776 scarifier1794 rooter1810 hash1821 twin1847 rototiller1923 Rotavator1936 1810 Inventory Estate S. E. Butler in Georgia Hist. Q. (1946) 52 217 6 coulters..3 Shear plows..6 rooters. 1836 Farmers' Cabinet 15 Aug. 48/1 Rough and stony ground may indeed be rooted up by the short rooter plough. 1872 C. Stearns Black Man of South i. ix. 90 The ‘turn or shovel plough’..is considerably longer than the rooter, but does not penetrate the ground so far. 1919 A. H. Blanchard Amer. Highway Engineers' Handbk. viii. 433 For breaking up hardpan, old macadam, or other stiff material, a rooter plow..is employed. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 333/2 At first a small rooter was used which was designed for scarifying pavements and roads and which could be drawn by a 40 h.p. tractor. 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. Pl. xxxix This very pure calcareous material is soft enough to be excavated by rooters, and in consequence can be produced at low cost. 1996 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 26 June c3 Motoring around Toronto's core district is never fun, but it's miserable these days—what with the city's huge diggers and rooters and pavement-busters out there, blocking every third downtown thoroughfare. 2. Also with capital initial. An advocate of the abolition of episcopal government. Cf. root and branch adv. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > episcopacy > [noun] > supporter of > not antipraesulist1640 rooter1642 1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. 161 The Rooters, the Antiprelaticke party declaim against me. 1711 W. Oldisworth Dial. Timothy & Philatheus III. 65 Even the Lord Say and others, that were afterwards Rooters, declar'd only for a Reformation at first. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 27 The Rooters and Through-Reformers made clean Work with the Church. 1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church I. xvii. 378 Vane and Cromwell, who now began to appear among the rooters as they were called. 1833 Dublin Univ. Mag. July 7/1 Radical reformers, whether they breathe the air of England or of France, whether they rejoice in the denomination of rooters, or roundheads, or of sansculottes, are an insatiate people. 1900 W. A. Shaw Hist. Eng. Ch. I. 79 Its numbers included more than the mere Rooters. 1981 A. Fletcher Outbreak of Eng. Civil War iii. 112 Even convinced rooters were unnerved. 2006 D. Purkiss Eng. Civil War ix. 202 You didn't have to be concealing works of art to be wary of those who came to be called ‘the rooters’, after the satirically named Root and Branch petition. 3. A plant that puts down roots in a specified way. Also figurative.deep-rooter: see the first element. ΚΠ 1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry xii. iii. 628/1 The Farmer is not tied down to this only Plant, he may take his Choice among all the deep Rooters. 1836 Paxton’s Hort. Reg. Sept. 329 This tree is so ready a rooter, that nothing but a bad or really defective medium will prevent it from extending its roots far and wide in a short period. 1885 T. Baines Greenhouse & Stove Plants 344/2 This Witsenia is a moderately free rooter, and succeeds best in good fibrous peat. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Mar. 2/1 Her first cousin..is a deep-rooter, and must be looked after betimes. 1920 A. D. Webster London Trees 17 The Ailanthus is a shy rooter, and in consequence is apt to be blown over during stormy weather. 1954 H. B. Burgess & Q. C. Ayers Engin. for Agric. Drainage xiv. 423 The water table is maintained at..6 inches for peppermint which is an even shallower rooter with the bulk of its roots in the first 4 inches of soil. 1994 Functional Ecol. 8 229 The large-seeded tap-rooted species being better suited to soft soil and deep litter, and the small-seeded lateral rooters to rocky soil and a lack of litter. 2009 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 24 Sept. d3 I try also to plant daffodils and Narcissus as early as possible, because they are naturally early rooters. †4. slang. A high ponytail (see quot. 1840). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > other specific styles of hair roll1538 puff1601 Tuscan-top1602 cock-up1692 turban1727 bird's nest1730 rooter1840 coxcomb1843 roach1872 flop1900 Buster Brown1904 peppercorn1910 upsweep1946 bouffant1955 beehive1960 Prince Valiant1964 blow-dry1966 Mary Stuart1966 bouffy1970 Mohawk haircut1979 Mohican1983 fauxhawk2000 1840 Gen. Mercer in R. J. Macdonald Hist. Dress Royal Regiment Artillery (1899) 50 The remainder of the hair was gathered into a queue behind..and tied close to the head; this we called a rooter. †5. slang. A remarkably good example of something. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) Rooter, anything good, or of a prime quality; ‘that is a Rooter’, i.e., a first-rate one of the sort. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rootern.² Brit. /ˈruːtə/, U.S. /ˈrudər/, /ˈrʊdər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: root v.², -er suffix¹. Etymology: < root v.² + -er suffix¹, originally after Dutch wroeter wrooter n. Compare earlier wrooter n. 1. A pig or other animal that roots or grubs in the ground (also with up); (U.S.) a pig allowed to roam free; (with distinguishing word) a particular breed or variety of pig, often (spec.) a razorback hog. Occasionally figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by eating habits whey-pig1585 rooter1607 shock pig1759 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 664 The Cooke said vnto me, come hither thou vnderminer of houses, thou rooter vp of land, fearefull, fugitiue little Pig. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Wroeter, a Rooter, or a Grubber. 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 16 Aug. 2/2 If he be not a Hog,..he is always a Rooter, whining, and grunting. 1855 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1854: Agric. 56 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 59, Pt. 3) VII Hogs, in this county, are raised in great quantities of almost every breed, from the long-nosed ‘Hoosier’ or ‘Prairie Rooter’, to the small-boned ‘Middlesex’. 1864 Daily Tel. 27 Sept. He is a very ugly pig—a cross between the Irish ‘greyhound’ and the Yankee ‘rooter’. 1886 P. Robinson Valley Teetotum Trees 25 The pig may..grow gaunt and fierce, a rooter among strange wild foods. 1934 Z. N. Hurston Jonah's Gourd Vine x. 155 Droves of piney wood rooters nosed for ground nuts. 2002 Times 22 Aug. (Business section) 32/1 Early nomadic societies could not raise pigs because pigs are largely static rooters, and unsuitable for the constant movement of the nomadic existence. 2. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). A supporter or fan of a sports team or player. More generally: a person who supports or encourages another; a staunch advocate, a partisan. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager friendOE procurera1325 fautorc1330 voweec1380 corner-stonec1384 abettor1387 vocatec1390 procurator1395 maintainer?a1400 proctora1413 supporter1426 comforter1483 factorc1503 allower1528 advancer1536 affirmer?1541 agreer1548 encourager1562 fortifierc1565 favourer1567 aim-crier1597 suffragator1606 seconder1623 countenancera1625 affectionate1628 adstipulator1646 flesher1646 fauterera1662 advocate1735 sympathizer1816 sympathista1834 advocator1837 ite1852 rooter1889 spear-carrier1960 1889 World (N.Y.) 14 Aug. 1/7 Cleveland has the most scientific crowd of ‘rooters’ in the country. 1901 Speaker 19 Jan. 439 At the first class cricket matches for years he has been what in the States they call a rooter. 1939 G. Ade Let. 7 July (1973) 212 I attended the convention as a spectator and also as a rooter for Theodore Roosevelt. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Nov. p. xix/1 The exclusive audience that goes to Twickenham or Lord's is replaced by millions of rooters. 1978 N.Y. Times 29 Mar. b 5/1 The Wildcats' coach..had walked back into the stands to embrace his family and shake hands with some rooters with blue and white buttons. 2002 New Yorker 25 Nov. 60/1 The screechings and leapings and back-poundings of the bundled-up Giants rooters next to me in the left-field bleachers..were being repeated pretty much all around the bay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1560n.²1607
随便看	parvenu parvenudom parvenuess parvenuism parvenus parvi parvi- parvifolious parvipension parvipotent parvipsoas parvipsoatic parvirostrate parvis parviscient parvise parvises parvitude parvity parvity of matter parvo parvocellular parvoline parvos parvoviral

rootern.1

rootern.2

rootern.¹

rootern.²