| 释义 |
rosinn. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: Latin rēsina. Etymology: Ultimately a variant or alteration of classical Latin rēsina resin n. Forms with -o- are attested in post-classical Latin, Anglo-Norman, and Middle French, although their relationship with each other and with the English word is unclear. Compare rosil n., roset n.1, and also perrosin n. Earlier currency is implied by rosin v., and is perhaps shown by some of the examples in the note below.Attested earliest in Latin documents written in Britain from the end of the 13th cent., both as a Latin word (compare post-classical Latin rosinum (1296 in a British source), rosina (from 1396 in British sources)) and as a vernacular one, although these instances could equally be interpreted as Anglo-Norman or Middle English:1294–5 in Mariner's Mirror (1928) 14 230 In vj cofinis de Rosine.1295 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 5/7 In xvij Ruch' de Rosyn emptis..precium Ruch', x d.1336–7 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 19/31 m. 5 In c lb. de Rosyne emptis.1367–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 386 In sex libris de rosine, 20d.1371 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 7 In 10 lb. de rosyn emptis pro eisdem, 20 d.1390 in Proc. Somerset Archaeol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. (1878) 23 14 Item, pro roseyne empto pro torticis, v d.1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 64 Pro melle, lynesede,..roseyne.Unambiguously French examples, as also unambiguously English ones, appear around a century later; compare Anglo-Norman rosin , rosyn , rosine (beginning of the 15th cent. or earlier), Middle French rousien , rousine (both late 14th cent.), roisine (1400–3), roysin (a1495), rosine (16th cent.), and also Old Occitan rozina (14th cent.). It is unclear in which language the change of vowel to -o- originated, and what its motivation may have been. Compare with the same sense and vowel rosil n. and post-classical Latin rosilium , both attested from shortly before 1300 in Britain, and also roset n.1 It has been suggested that the Middle French forms in -ou- , -o- may have arisen by association with classical Latin rōr- , rōs dew (see rore n.) and its derivatives, with allusion to the appearance of resin as droplets on a tree's bark. Alternatively, the association may ultimately be with classical Latin rosa rose n.1 and derivatives, with allusion to the russet or reddish colour of some forms of this substance; compare e.g. Anglo-Norman rosin rosy, rose-coloured (c1170 or earlier) and corresponding Middle English forms in -yn -yne at rosen adj. and also (beside roset n.1) Anglo-Norman roset reddish, russet (12th cent.: see roset adj.). With the ε. forms forms in -a- compare post-classical Latin rasina (a1400 in a British source), Anglo-Norman raisine , Old French rasinne (1250–1), Middle French rasine (a1534), variants of resine resin n. 1. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] α. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. 2176 (MED) Thei go be nyhte unto the Myne With pich, with soulphre, and with rosine..A wylde fyr into the depe They caste. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 110 (MED) Þis..draweþ oute and clenseþ grete quytter: Take of galbanum, of armonyak, of rosyne [L. rasine], of terbentyne..euen parties. c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville (Wellcome) f. 158v (MED) Take þe iuys of plaunteyn..rosine coilid, newe wex..seþe hem alle togidere. 1551 W. Turner (1568) 30 The small leues in the top broused or broken sauour lyke rosyne. 1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes i. f. 2 Thei doe bryng from the newe Spaine twoo kindes of Rosine,..the one is called Copall. 1613 S. Purchas viii. xii. 673 All whiche they mingled together with..the fume of rosine. 1702 F. Povey 48 To every 100 l. of Pitch..50 l. of Rozine. 1759 II. 289/2 Artificial balsams..are composed of oils and essences, gums, wax, rosine, powder; according to the different virtues to be given to them. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > a particular kind of society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > a particular kind of 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner 269 All Balsams..haue Turpintyn Rosin, sum also other rosins. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta iv. xxviii. 285 Liquors, oiles, gummes, and rozines [Sp. resinas], which come from divers plants and hearbes. 1673 N. Grew ii. iii. 74 In the dried Root of Angelica, &c. being split, the Milk..appeareth,..condensed to an hard and shining Rosin. 1718 J. Quincy 7 The former is the case of chrystallized Salts, Rosins, and the like. 1741 P. Shaw tr. H. Boerhaave (ed. 2) I. 527 Perfectly pure alcohol dissolves..most of the gummy rosins. 1800 J. Parkinson 132 These same principles, hydrogen and carbon, constitute the vegetable oils and rosins. 1880 372 During the past year there has been a decrease of about 20 per cent, in the production of pale rosins in Georgia. 1997 37 20 The purified resin acids (isopimaric, levopimaric, and neoabietic acid) were more toxic than the natural rosins. 2. slang (now rare). the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] 1691 E. Ward 11 Then Nasty Cans well lin'd with Rozen, Were call'd for in by the whole dozen. 1734 I. 227/1 Says I to the Gentleman, I hope, Sir, you won't forget your Coachman—a little Rozzam wou'd do very well. 1734 I. 227/1 Rosin, strong Drink: A Metaphor first used among Fidlers. 1864 J. C. Hotten (new ed.) 215 Rosin, beer or other drink given to musicians at a dancing party. 1901 F. E. Taylor Rozzin, a jocular term for musician's drink. 1997 (Nexis) 26 Apr. 2 In Lancashire, a rosin was a jocular term for a drink bought for a musician. society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > string player > [noun] > fiddler 1767 C. Bullock (ed. 5) i. ii. 10 These Fidlers are the most impudent Fellows in the Nation...Hearkye, old Rosin and Cats-gut, if you don't get out of my House—. 1840 8 Feb. In country or city no matter, Too often I never could go, My presence the sadness would scatter, So cheerful was Rosin the Bow. 1864 J. C. Hotten (new ed.) 215 Rosin-the-bow, a fiddler. 1881 W. D. Gallagher 108 The viol and trump made their din, Giving place, as the company gather'd, To the notes of the gay violin. Then the Country-Dance answered with spirit To old Rosin's familiar appeal. 1923 34 333 A nickname for the fiddler was ‘Old Razzum-the-Bow’ (razzum was rosin). Compounds C1. General use as a modifier. 1880 J. Dunbar 54 Cubic contents of small rosin boiler. 1946 111 (Internat. No.) 29/1 The extract is run from a small head tank..directly to the rosin boiler or pumped by means of a hand pump. 1611 R. Cotgrave at Chandelle Chandelles de Buchs, rosen candles, vsed by the poorer sort of people neere vnto Bourdeaux. 1898 Mar. 812/2 Peyrine was obliged to light a rosin candle. 1848 26 Aug. 7/4 The defendant, Mr. Woolley, is a rosin distiller, carrying on business near Manchester. 1872 (ed. 4) 6/1 Bankhall Oil and Chemical Works limited..tar, naptha and rosin distillers. 1913 T. E. Thorpe (ed. 2) IV. 293/2 When subjected to dry distillation, as in the ordinary method persued by rosin distillers, it [sc. rosin] yields a number of products. 2001 R. Smith 643/1 Meantime came the Ruchill Oil Works of John Sandeman. a rosin distiller, around 1883. 1852 II. xvii. 942 The electricity which is developed causes them to adhere to the cylinders, particularly where rosin size has been used. 1922 13 Oct. 431/2 (heading) Notes on the rosin-sizing of paper...The reactions between aluminium sulfate and sodium resinate (rosin size) solutions. 1994 Oct. 18/2 The traditional rosin size is obtained as a byproduct at kraft mills where tall oil is separated from the black liquor before liquor burning. 1784 c. 48 §11 Any maker of yellow, brown or rosin soap. 1867 A. Ott ii. iii. 93 Experience has proved that a much better product is obtained by first producing a tallow soap, and afterwards mixing the rosin soap with it. 1960 34 14 Hercules looked into the possibilities of using rosin soap as an emulsifier in the production of synthetic rubber. C2. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > for riding > used by bareback rider or acrobat 1911 24 Aug. 3/1 She has two big white fellows and a gray and a black, and when she talks of them they are ‘rosin backs’. 1923 C. R. Cooper 170 She is trained to the ‘rosinback’, as the ring horse is called. 1931 Nov. 353/2 Rosinbacks, bareback riders. 1945 C. B. Cochran iii. 33 A ‘rosin-back’ is a ring-horse used by bareback riders... Rosin is rubbed into the horse's back to help the rider to get a firm footing as he jumps from the ring on to the horse. 1999 15 Aug. 10 Jennifer..wanted to be the lady in the circus who went round and round the ring in a pink tutu performing tricks on the back of a sturdy horse known as a rosinback. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > equipment or materials for > materials > thread a1826 W. Glen (1874) 148 They've quit their lingles an' their lasts, Their awls an' rossin ends. 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) Rosin-end, a shoe-maker's waxed or rosinned thread. 1894 A. Whyte 26 He..will, as with his awl and rosin-end, sew together a sentence, and hammer together a page of the most incongruous and unheard-of phraseology. 1953 M. Traynor 235/2 Rosin-end, a wax-end, a shoe-maker's thread. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer xi. 434 As when a torrent..beares blasted Oakes, and witherd rosine flowres,..into the Oceans force. 1869 E. P. Watson xx. 127 In soldering tinned surfaces..the solder will adhere easily, but in brass, or other metals, it does not do so without the aid of a rosin flux or acid solution. 1960 N. M. Cooke & J. Markus 410/2 Rosin-core solder, solder made up in tubular or other hollow form, with the inner space filled with rosin flux to serve as a noncorrosive flux for soldering joints. 1992 July–Oct. 972/3 This non-flammable liquid rosin flux has many safety aspects to its formulation. 1827 22 Sept. 2/4 The portable gas apparatus, of which Mr Gordon was the original inventor, is now supplied with this rosin gas. 1860 10 Nov. 313/3 In order..to burn rosin gas successfully it must be made in the neighborhood where it is burned, as it is loaded with inflammable substances which add much to the light, but which are deposited if the gas is carried through long pipes. 1997 L. E. Davis et al. ix. 355 Coal gas—unlike rosin gas—could be pumped through the distribution system without serious loss of flammable constituents. 1844 1 June 368 The distillation of rosin oil by steam, the atmospheric air being excluded. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 807/2 Oil, Rosin, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine-tree, used by painters for lubricating machinery, and other purposes. 1980 C. W. Ammen ii. 354 Rosin oils are used as core binders alone and in combination with other materials. 2013 H. Panda Introd. 9 Decarboxylation takes place under these conditions, forming abietenes or rosin oil and resulting in the lowering ofthe softening point and acid number. 1824 W. H. Keating I. vii. 339 The rosin plant was not seen after leaving Prairie du Chien. 1867 128 The plant Silphium laciniatum, (polar or rosin plant,) and S. terebinthinaceum..possess great medicinal qualities. Horses fed upon hay, with these intermixed, are never known to have the heaves. 1993 T. Coffey 276/1 Prairie Dock, Silphium terebenthinaceum... Prairie-Burdock, Rosin-Plant. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Rosin Rose. Hypericum calycinum, L., and H. perforatum, L., the smell of which is supposed to resemble that of rosin. Yks. 1903 4 July 1/2 Rose of Sharon..is the popular name among gardeners of Hypericum calycinum, Rosin Rose being less commonly in use. 1994 8 658/2 Common names for the weed include amber, cammock, penny John, John's wort, grace of god.., rosin rose, and herb-John. 1787 7 146 Der durchfallende Lichtschein giebt diesen einen hellen braunröthlichen Glanz und nennen die Cornwallische Bergleute sie deshalb Kolophonienfarbenes Zinn. (Rosin Tin.) 1797 W. G. Maton I. 245 Poldice is one of the oldest mines in Cornwall, and yields yellowish copper ore, a rosin tin, and a good deal of galena. 1888 10 197 The series of Cornish cassiterites, including such forms as ‘sparable tin’ and ‘rosin tin’, is at once fine and extensive. 1921 T. Crook ix. 242 Cassiterite... ‘Rosin-tin’ is a yellow variety. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > African 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach ii. 103 There are sixe kindes of these Rozen trees , the Pine, the Pine, the Pitch tree, the wylde Pine, the Fyrre, the Larsh and the Tarre tree. 1638 H. Peacham 197 You may better it..by burning of severall sorts of sweete Wood, as Cipres, Iuniper, Bay, Rosemarie, Pine, the Turpentine, and Rosin-tree. 1798 P. J. Laborie ii. 70 The rosin trees are generally good for any thing. 1815 A. Plumptre tr. H. Lichtenstein II. 176 A shrub, which grows from two feet to three feet and a half high, called by the colonists harpuisbosjes, the rosin tree. 1890 N. H. Chamberlain vi. 101 Our waste lands will soon be covered with rosin trees, which will breed numerous swarms of bees to make France flow with honey. 1908 17 Apr. 1/2 Ascertaining which variations could be attributed to differences in the original grades of the rosin, to the age of the rosin trees, to the season of gathering, etc. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > compass-plant or silphium 1831 13 July 1 Sunflowers and rosin-weed..abound. 1877 Apr. 562/2 This plant [sc. the compass-plant] is found on the prairies and plains, and is known..popularly as pilot weed, rosin weed, and turpentine weed. 1941 R. S. Walker 55 There are a few species of rosin-weeds. 2006 M. White 146 Rosinweed, with its thick sandpaper leaves and happy flowers, was standing at attention but was no match for the giant coneflowers. 1595 M. Drayton sig. C2v This Rozen-weeping Pine. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 140 With a Pole of rozen-weeping Fir. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rosinv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rosin n. Etymology: < rosin n. (see discussion at that entry). society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with other materials society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > making or fitting instruments > accessories [verb (transitive)] > rosin string or bow 1357–8 [implied in: Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl (1951) I. 136 In..shraping' pitching' et rosinyng diversarum nauium Regis. (at rosining n.)]. 1480–1 J. Balsall Purser's Acct. in (1969) XXIII. 24 Item ffor a potte ffor to rossen the schep. 1497 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 294 C weight Rosyn to Rossyen the seid Ship abouewater. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster v. sig. Gv They are but rozining sir, and theile scrape themselues into your company presently. 1642 T. Fuller iv. i. 240 Those, who make musick with so harsh an instrument, need to have their bow well rosend before. 1650 N. Ward 34 My..heart-strings are grown so feeble, that if I should not rozen them now and then (with a little mirth) they would soone crack quite asunder. 1756 No. 128. ⁋4 Not one of these people will open their mouths, or rosin a single string, without being very well paid for it. 1795 S. Martin 127 Take out the bottles..cork them well and rosin them. 1823 J. Badcock 175 [Place layers] till the jar is full, then bung and rosin it. 1850 W. T. Moncrieff 242 Friend Snob has his Heeltaps, and loves a wet sole—While the Fiddler still rosins, and sings Old King Cole! 1896 J. Lumsden 43 He screwed her up wi' conscious pride And rosin'd her. 1960 C. Winick 177/2 The fingers are rosined or moistened and drawn along the string or stick and the resulting vibrations are transmitted to the membrane. 1998 N. Mackey 103 Gruff alterity rosining the cords of our throats. the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk 1730 H. Fielding Pleasures of Town iii. i, in 44 A Fiddlestick is a Drunkard: why? Because it loves Ros'ning. 1869 J. C. Atkinson (at cited word) ‘He rosins hard’ = He drinks hard. 1877 E. Peacock Rossin (or Rossill) up wi' liquor, to make drunk. 1886 H. Cunliffe Rosin, to burl out ale. 1997 (Nexis) 26 Apr. 2 In Lincolnshire, to rosin ‘er up’ meant to ply a lady with drink so as to get her warmed up to sing. Oh yes. In Hampshire, to be rosined means to be plastered. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1393 v.1357 |
