rottennessn.

Brit.

/ˈrɒt(ə)nnəs/, U.S.

/ˈrɑtn̩(n)əs/

Forms: Middle English rotenes, Middle English rotenese, Middle English roteness, Middle English rotenesse, Middle English rotennesse, Middle English rotonnesse, Middle English rotunnesse, Middle English rotynes, Middle English rotynnesse, Middle English–1500s rotennes, 1500s rotonesse, 1500s rottenis, 1500s rottynnesse, 1500s–1600s rottenesse, 1500s–1600s rottennes, 1500s–1600s rottennesse, 1500s– rottenness, 1600s rottinness, 1600s– rotteness (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 rottinnes. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form late Middle English rotynesse.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rotten adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < rotten adj. + -ness suffix. Compare (slightly later) rotness n., rottenhead n., rottingness n., and also rottedness n. at rotted adj. Derivatives.Some early variants with single -n- (e.g. rotenes, rotenesse) could instead show rotness n.

1. The state of being rotten or putrid; putrefaction; an instance of this. Also: rotten or putrid matter; a rotten or putrid part. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > [noun]

rottennessc1350

corruption1377

rottednessa1398

rottingnessa1398

putredea1400

rotnessa1400

rotshipa1400

rottenhead?c1400

putridness?a1425

ranknessc1450

corruptness1561

putriture1569

putritude1617

putridity1628

putidness1648

putrescency1752

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > rotten or putrefying condition

rottingOE

rottennessc1350

rottednessa1398

putredea1400

rotnessa1400

rotshipa1400

rottenhead?c1400

putridness?a1425

corruptness1561

putriture1569

putritude1617

putridity1628

putidness1648

feculency1651

putrescency1752

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 185 (MED) Rotennes [L. putredo] entred in my bones.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxviii. 7 Rotenese [a1425 L.V. failyng; L. tabitudo]..and deth stonden on in the hestes of hym.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 180 (MED) Of the roteness [Fr. purretture] & oþer thing þat was within the schippes grewen such buscaylle & thornes & breres & grene grass.

a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 47 (MED) O filthy man..Vessel of dung, heep of rotunnesse.

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue Ep. Ded. sig. *iij^v Their blossomes are as dust and their fruite as rottennesse.

1598 I. D. tr. L. Le Roy Aristotles Politiques ii. vi. 100 Certaine humours engendring rottennesses and putrifactions, couered and hidden with small thinne skins.

1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 37 Distilled water of Oke leaves cureth Fluxes, and rottennesse of the Liver.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §9 For the sake of the apparent rottenness of the Superstructures to question the soundness of the foundations.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 181 The vitious life..usually ends ill; perhaps in rottenness and rags.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 59 Loading with loathsome rottenness the land.

1884 Law Times 77 384/2 The scaffolding..gave way, owing to the rottenness of a putlog.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 765 Many threadworms..feed on dead organisms which have been previously rotted. Many fungi also live on rottenness.

1935 Amer. Mercury Feb. 168/2 The world's growing alarm at an economy whose inner rottenness appeared as the pink icing of ‘prosperity’ crumbled.

1996 Observer (Nexis) 19 May 67 Damsons can be eaten off the tree, but in a very short span between ripeness and rottenness.

†2. Purulent material, pus. Also: the condition (of an abscess) of being full of pus; ripeness (cf. ripe adj. 7c). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > stage of

rottennessa1400

maturity1676

pointing1766

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 82 Þat þe rotynes & þe quytture myȝte þe bettere goon out.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 94^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Rotennes(se Be wele warre þat orifice of þe wounde be not stopped wiþ putrefaccioun oþer rotennesse.

1553 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe (new ed.) xii. sig. E.ii^v Presse the holowe vlcere, so that the rottennes may be queashed or crusshed out.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 57 If by no meanes it will come to any head or rottennes, then you shall ouer night apply round about the wenne Bole-armonike and vineger mixt together.

3. The state or quality of being morally corrupt; depravity; lack of integrity. Also: an instance of this; an immoral quality or attribute.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > moral foulness

foulnessOE

foulhead1340

filthiness?1504

fedity1542

filthery?1546

rottenness1548

feculence1860

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiii. 174 b He alone of all men was not corrupt with any rottennesse of vice or of inordinate desires.

1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple iii Continence hath his joy: weigh both; and so, If rottennesse have more, let Heaven go.

1641 Landskip; or, Brief Prospective Eng. Episcopacy 15 The universal rottenness or corruption of this government, will most evidently appear by a disquisition into these ensuing particulars.

1726 S. Whatley tr. P. Boyer Parallel Doctr. of Pagans 151 If Father Quesnel's Propositions had been as wicked and as full of Rottenness and Corruption as the Bull declares, [etc.].

1754 Thoughts on Gallantry 21 What Happiness can you promise to yourselves, from admitting to your Arms, Men with all the Rottennesses of the Town about them?

1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 698 The vulgar vocabulary of rottenness and reptilism.

1859 C. Kingsley Misc. II. 45 Mr. Froude shows..his deep sense of the rottenness of the Church.

1907 M. Storey Federal Governm.& States 16 How often has a failure of a bank disclosed a rottenness existing for years, which the examiners..failed to correct?

1976 Times 21 May 2/4 That political rottenness which develops when a sense of public service is undermined by..the cynicism of office-holding for its own sake.

1997 Empire Sept. 134/3 An ordinary nice guy..finds himself caught up by circumstances in criminal doings, thanks to the scheming rottenness of those around him.

4. The condition (of sheep) of being affected by rot (rot n.¹ 3a). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > rot

rotc1425

sheep-rot1552

rottenness1607

poke1793

milt1857

bane1859

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 617 (heading) Of the pestilence or rottennesse of Sheepe.

1655 R. Child in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 86 I have seen out of the livers of sheep tending to rottennesse, living Creatures, leaping like small Flounders.

1704 Dict. Rusticum at Sheep It stirs up the Natural Heat of the Sheep, that wasts the moisture, and prevents Rottenness.

1790 T. Wright Advantages & Method Watering Meadows (ed. 2) 41 In six weeks afterwards the lambs were killed, and discovered strong symptoms of rottenness.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1067/2 The signs of rottenness are sufficiently familiar to persons about sheep.

1916 W. S. Walker Forms for Code Pleadings under Ohio Code 569 That said lambs were, when the plaintiff so bought them, rotten and unsound, and in consequence of such rottenness and unsoundness..died soon afterwards.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rottenness
释义	rottennessn. Brit. /ˈrɒt(ə)nnəs/, U.S. /ˈrɑtn̩(n)əs/ Forms: Middle English rotenes, Middle English rotenese, Middle English roteness, Middle English rotenesse, Middle English rotennesse, Middle English rotonnesse, Middle English rotunnesse, Middle English rotynes, Middle English rotynnesse, Middle English–1500s rotennes, 1500s rotonesse, 1500s rottenis, 1500s rottynnesse, 1500s–1600s rottenesse, 1500s–1600s rottennes, 1500s–1600s rottennesse, 1500s– rottenness, 1600s rottinness, 1600s– rotteness (now nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 rottinnes. N.E.D. (1909) also records a form late Middle English rotynesse. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rotten adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < rotten adj. + -ness suffix. Compare (slightly later) rotness n., rottenhead n., rottingness n., and also rottedness n. at rotted adj. Derivatives.Some early variants with single -n- (e.g. rotenes, rotenesse) could instead show rotness n. 1. The state of being rotten or putrid; putrefaction; an instance of this. Also: rotten or putrid matter; a rotten or putrid part. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > [noun] rottennessc1350 corruption1377 rottednessa1398 rottingnessa1398 putredea1400 rotnessa1400 rotshipa1400 rottenhead?c1400 putridness?a1425 ranknessc1450 corruptness1561 putriture1569 putritude1617 putridity1628 putidness1648 putrescency1752 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > rotten or putrefying condition rottingOE rottennessc1350 rottednessa1398 putredea1400 rotnessa1400 rotshipa1400 rottenhead?c1400 putridness?a1425 corruptness1561 putriture1569 putritude1617 putridity1628 putidness1648 feculency1651 putrescency1752 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 185 (MED) Rotennes [L. putredo] entred in my bones. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxviii. 7 Rotenese [a1425 L.V. failyng; L. tabitudo]..and deth stonden on in the hestes of hym. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 180 (MED) Of the roteness [Fr. purretture] & oþer thing þat was within the schippes grewen such buscaylle & thornes & breres & grene grass. a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 47 (MED) O filthy man..Vessel of dung, heep of rotunnesse. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue Ep. Ded. sig. iij^v Their blossomes are as dust and their fruite as rottennesse. 1598 I. D. tr. L. Le Roy Aristotles Politiques* ii. vi. 100 Certaine humours engendring rottennesses and putrifactions, couered and hidden with small thinne skins. 1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 37 Distilled water of Oke leaves cureth Fluxes, and rottennesse of the Liver. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §9 For the sake of the apparent rottenness of the Superstructures to question the soundness of the foundations. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 181 The vitious life..usually ends ill; perhaps in rottenness and rags. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 59 Loading with loathsome rottenness the land. 1884 Law Times 77 384/2 The scaffolding..gave way, owing to the rottenness of a putlog. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 765 Many threadworms..feed on dead organisms which have been previously rotted. Many fungi also live on rottenness. 1935 Amer. Mercury Feb. 168/2 The world's growing alarm at an economy whose inner rottenness appeared as the pink icing of ‘prosperity’ crumbled. 1996 Observer (Nexis) 19 May 67 Damsons can be eaten off the tree, but in a very short span between ripeness and rottenness. †2. Purulent material, pus. Also: the condition (of an abscess) of being full of pus; ripeness (cf. ripe adj. 7c). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > stage of rottennessa1400 maturity1676 pointing1766 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 82 Þat þe rotynes & þe quytture myȝte þe bettere goon out. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 94^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Rotennes(se Be wele warre þat orifice of þe wounde be not stopped wiþ putrefaccioun oþer rotennesse. 1553 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe (new ed.) xii. sig. E.ii^v Presse the holowe vlcere, so that the rottennes may be queashed or crusshed out. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 57 If by no meanes it will come to any head or rottennes, then you shall ouer night apply round about the wenne Bole-armonike and vineger mixt together. 3. The state or quality of being morally corrupt; depravity; lack of integrity. Also: an instance of this; an immoral quality or attribute. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > moral foulness foulnessOE foulhead1340 filthiness?1504 fedity1542 filthery?1546 rottenness1548 feculence1860 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiii. 174 b He alone of all men was not corrupt with any rottennesse of vice or of inordinate desires. 1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple iii Continence hath his joy: weigh both; and so, If rottennesse have more, let Heaven go. 1641 Landskip; or, Brief Prospective Eng. Episcopacy 15 The universal rottenness or corruption of this government, will most evidently appear by a disquisition into these ensuing particulars. 1726 S. Whatley tr. P. Boyer Parallel Doctr. of Pagans 151 If Father Quesnel's Propositions had been as wicked and as full of Rottenness and Corruption as the Bull declares, [etc.]. 1754 Thoughts on Gallantry 21 What Happiness can you promise to yourselves, from admitting to your Arms, Men with all the Rottennesses of the Town about them? 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 698 The vulgar vocabulary of rottenness and reptilism. 1859 C. Kingsley Misc. II. 45 Mr. Froude shows..his deep sense of the rottenness of the Church. 1907 M. Storey Federal Governm.& States 16 How often has a failure of a bank disclosed a rottenness existing for years, which the examiners..failed to correct? 1976 Times 21 May 2/4 That political rottenness which develops when a sense of public service is undermined by..the cynicism of office-holding for its own sake. 1997 Empire Sept. 134/3 An ordinary nice guy..finds himself caught up by circumstances in criminal doings, thanks to the scheming rottenness of those around him. 4. The condition (of sheep) of being affected by rot (rot n.¹ 3a). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > rot rotc1425 sheep-rot1552 rottenness1607 poke1793 milt1857 bane1859 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 617 (heading) Of the pestilence or rottennesse of Sheepe. 1655 R. Child in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 86 I have seen out of the livers of sheep tending to rottennesse, living Creatures, leaping like small Flounders. 1704 Dict. Rusticum at Sheep It stirs up the Natural Heat of the Sheep, that wasts the moisture, and prevents Rottenness. 1790 T. Wright Advantages & Method Watering Meadows (ed. 2) 41 In six weeks afterwards the lambs were killed, and discovered strong symptoms of rottenness. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1067/2 The signs of rottenness are sufficiently familiar to persons about sheep. 1916 W. S. Walker Forms for Code Pleadings under Ohio Code 569 That said lambs were, when the plaintiff so bought them, rotten and unsound, and in consequence of such rottenness and unsoundness..died soon afterwards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1350
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