roofingn.

Brit.

/ˈruːfɪŋ/,

/ˈruːvɪŋ/,

/ˈrʊfɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrufɪŋ/

Forms: see roof n. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roof n., -ing suffix¹; roof v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < roof n. + -ing suffix¹, and partly < roof v. + -ing suffix¹.

a. The act of covering with a roof; material used or suitable for roofs; that which forms a roof or roofs.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > roofing

coveringc1400

roofingc1450

society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > building-material > for roofs

rigging1379

roofingc1450

divotc1540

roofage1844

c1450 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Bodl. Add.) i. 383 And lete hem drie er..rovyng [?1440 Fitzw. roof] sette uppon, lest all be shent.

1578 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 81 The..counsall appoyntis maister Jhonne Gordoun, wrycht, for ruiffing of the Hie Scole.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 180 Hee..gaue all the timber for the rooffing of the two side Iles.

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O3 Whiche forme of roofing is generally vsed in all those Italian Cities that I saw.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Waltham-Abby 19 in Church-hist. Brit. Lead, Stone, and Timber, all devoured in the roofing, flooring, and finishing of their Steeple.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Thatching A thousand handfuls of Reed..will..cover about three square of Roofing.

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 161 The hovel was of mud walls, without any roofing.

1828 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. I. iv. 360 A huge machine was constructed, covered from attack by a strong roofing of boards and hides.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 190 Thick and heavy slates..are used for building as well as for roofing.

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter III. 166 Arnold went up to an old farmhouse..to settle a question of roofing and thatching.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 38/1 (advt.) This roofing is made of Asphalt, guaranteed to wear fifteen years.

1967 S. Marshall Fenland Chron. i. iv. 35 My father worked in Mr Greenwood's yard, making tiles for roofing.

1997 Independent 8 Aug. 10/2 The roofing is extra strong to withstand gale force winds.

2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder xii. 235 Vertical tiling or tile hanging uses standard plain roofing tiles in the same way as they would be used in roofing.

b. In extended use: an uppermost or topmost layer.

ΚΠ

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 206 Roofing, the upper 5 or 6 feet of the rock-salt beds.

1905 Brain 28 46 The primary growth was in the vermis of the cerebellum roofing in the fourth ventricle.

1951 G. R. de Beer Vertebr. Zool. (ed. 2) xx. 253 There is very little roofing left over the temporal region, and the quadrate..becomes uncovered and loose.

2. Mining.

†a. An upward slope in a gallery or passage. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Riij Roofing is rising upwards in the Work, be it either directly or by degrees.

b. The wedging of a loaded wagon, horse, etc., against the roof of a gallery or passage. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1848 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 45 463 Roofing, when the top of the loaded skip wedges against the top of the gate-road.

1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 578/1 Roofing, the wedging of a loaded wagon or horse against the top of an underground passage.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as roofing contractor, roofing purposes, etc.

ΚΠ

1851 J. Anderson Course of Creation 193 The slate of this district has been long known and prized for roofing purposes.

1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 439/1 The various kinds [of tiles] used for roofing purposes.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1973/2 Roofing-machine, one for preparing material for roofing purposes.

1896 Daily News 3 Aug. 3/5 Bridge and roofing firms have been busy.

1932 Extension Mag. Feb. 35 (advt.) The roof is such an important part of your home that whether building or re-roofing, it will pay you to consult your architect or roofing contractor.

1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales ii. 17 The thinner beds of limestone are used largely for roofing purposes.

1998 Daily Tel. 6 Oct. 13/2 He began dealing cocaine after he hired two members of the Pagans for his roofing business.

2007 Independent 7 Mar. (Property section) 4/3 Originally a roofing business run by women, it has evolved into a ‘social enterprise’, or non-profit-making consultancy, specialising in running courses on straw-bale construction.

C2.

a. Designating materials used for roofing.

ΚΠ

1789 J. Luffman Brief Acct. Island Antigua xxxviii. 171 Altho' a part of the roofing boards were removed also for the more free admission of air, I suffered much from the extreme heat of the house.

1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 375 It is of good size, for roofing-timber..is cut out of it.

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §6029 Galvanized corrugated iron roofing sheets.

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 98 There are now so many light roofing materials,—such as the Willesden roofing paper.

1997 Sci. Amer. July 56/2 This roofing material..paved the way for an immense industry in asbestos-based construction products.

roofing felt n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > bitumen-based compositions > roofing material impregnated with bitumen

roofing felt1843

Ruberoid1894

rubberoid1908

malthoid1936

1843 Bristol Mercury 10 June 3/2 The Price of the Roofing Felt is Only One Penny per Square Foot.

1894 Country Gentlemen's Catal. 269 Roofing felt.—The best known weather-resisting material yet introduced for roofing purposes.

1929 Morning Post 2 Oct. 6/5 These industries include electrical engineering, paint and varnish making, roofing-felts,..and the manufacture of linoleum.

1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 51 Roofing felt, a very porous, soft and thick paper made from low-grade materials and used as a base for impregnation with bitumen, tar, etc.

2001 S. Hardingham London (ed. 5) vi. 12 The frame is timber, clad in woodwool and faced with roofing felt on the exterior and chipboard waste paper inside.

roofing nail n.

ΚΠ

1839 Mechanics' Mag. 13 July 247/1 As the tile requires to have a hole formed in it for the reception of the roofing nail, this is effected by means of a punch.

1954 Washington Post 27 Feb. 4/6 Roofing nail E has great holding power, and the nail hole in metal roofing will remain waterproof.

2002 M. Guertin Roofing with Asphalt Shingles i. 23/1 Roofing nails have a 12-gauge shank, a head diameter of at least ⅜ in., and come in lengths from ⁷/ ₈ in. to 3 in.

roofing slate n.

ΚΠ

1794 J. Miller Synopsis Mineral. f. 3 (table) Roofing slate.

1833 Penny Cycl. I. 406/1 It is as hard as roofing slate.

1995 A. M. Cvancara Field Man. Amateur Geologist (rev. ed.) xxii. 278 Dimension stone may be classified according to its use as building stone..roofing slate, and millstock slate.

roofing tile n.

ΚΠ

1810 W. Nicol Gardener's Kalendar 98 Endive may also be blanched by setting up common roofing tiles, in a triangular form, over the plants.

1961 M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage iv. i. 189 The earliest references to pantiles, the S-curved roofing tile, occur in the 1630s.

2006 New Yorker 9 Jan. 58/1 A huge gray helicopter scooted in low, sending loose roofing tiles knifing through the air.

roofing tin n.

ΚΠ

1839 Southern Patriot 16 Apr. 3/3 (advt.) Roofing Tin... 100 boxes of patent Roofing Tin.

1937 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 70/2 Roofing tin, also known as ‘terneplate’, consists of thin sheets of steel that have been passed through a molten mixture of tin and lead to give them a protective coating against the elements.

2008 S. Hren & R. Hren Carbon-Free Home iv. 76/1 Nothing beats roofing tin for ease of installation.

C3.

roofing bone n. Zoology any of the bones forming the cranial vault of the vertebrate skull.

ΚΠ

1874 Nature 7 May 9/1 These scales pass insensibly into a set of bones..having the connections, positions, &c. which characterise the roofing-bones of one of the higher skulls (parietals, frontals, nasals, &c.).

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) viii. 241 In fishes, the canals are usually sunken into the substance of the roofing bones as closed tubes with occasional pores opening to the surface.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	roofing
释义	roofingn. Brit. /ˈruːfɪŋ/, /ˈruːvɪŋ/, /ˈrʊfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrufɪŋ/ Forms: see roof n. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roof n., -ing suffix¹; roof v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < roof n. + -ing suffix¹, and partly < roof v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The act of covering with a roof; material used or suitable for roofs; that which forms a roof or roofs. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > roofing coveringc1400 roofingc1450 society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > building-material > for roofs rigging1379 roofingc1450 divotc1540 roofage1844 c1450 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Bodl. Add.) i. 383 And lete hem drie er..rovyng [?1440 Fitzw. roof] sette uppon, lest all be shent. 1578 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 81 The..counsall appoyntis maister Jhonne Gordoun, wrycht, for ruiffing of the Hie Scole. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 180 Hee..gaue all the timber for the rooffing of the two side Iles. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O3 Whiche forme of roofing is generally vsed in all those Italian Cities that I saw. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Waltham-Abby 19 in Church-hist. Brit. Lead, Stone, and Timber, all devoured in the roofing, flooring, and finishing of their Steeple. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Thatching A thousand handfuls of Reed..will..cover about three square of Roofing. 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 161 The hovel was of mud walls, without any roofing. 1828 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. I. iv. 360 A huge machine was constructed, covered from attack by a strong roofing of boards and hides. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 190 Thick and heavy slates..are used for building as well as for roofing. 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter III. 166 Arnold went up to an old farmhouse..to settle a question of roofing and thatching. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 38/1 (advt.) This roofing is made of Asphalt, guaranteed to wear fifteen years. 1967 S. Marshall Fenland Chron. i. iv. 35 My father worked in Mr Greenwood's yard, making tiles for roofing. 1997 Independent 8 Aug. 10/2 The roofing is extra strong to withstand gale force winds. 2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder xii. 235 Vertical tiling or tile hanging uses standard plain roofing tiles in the same way as they would be used in roofing. b. In extended use: an uppermost or topmost layer. ΚΠ 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 206 Roofing, the upper 5 or 6 feet of the rock-salt beds. 1905 Brain 28 46 The primary growth was in the vermis of the cerebellum roofing in the fourth ventricle. 1951 G. R. de Beer Vertebr. Zool. (ed. 2) xx. 253 There is very little roofing left over the temporal region, and the quadrate..becomes uncovered and loose. 2. Mining. †a. An upward slope in a gallery or passage. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Riij Roofing is rising upwards in the Work, be it either directly or by degrees. b. The wedging of a loaded wagon, horse, etc., against the roof of a gallery or passage. Now rare. ΚΠ 1848 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 45 463 Roofing, when the top of the loaded skip wedges against the top of the gate-road. 1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 578/1 Roofing, the wedging of a loaded wagon or horse against the top of an underground passage. Compounds C1. General attributive, as roofing contractor, roofing purposes, etc. ΚΠ 1851 J. Anderson Course of Creation 193 The slate of this district has been long known and prized for roofing purposes. 1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 439/1 The various kinds [of tiles] used for roofing purposes. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1973/2 Roofing-machine, one for preparing material for roofing purposes. 1896 Daily News 3 Aug. 3/5 Bridge and roofing firms have been busy. 1932 Extension Mag. Feb. 35 (advt.) The roof is such an important part of your home that whether building or re-roofing, it will pay you to consult your architect or roofing contractor. 1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales ii. 17 The thinner beds of limestone are used largely for roofing purposes. 1998 Daily Tel. 6 Oct. 13/2 He began dealing cocaine after he hired two members of the Pagans for his roofing business. 2007 Independent 7 Mar. (Property section) 4/3 Originally a roofing business run by women, it has evolved into a ‘social enterprise’, or non-profit-making consultancy, specialising in running courses on straw-bale construction. C2. a. Designating materials used for roofing. ΚΠ 1789 J. Luffman Brief Acct. Island Antigua xxxviii. 171 Altho' a part of the roofing boards were removed also for the more free admission of air, I suffered much from the extreme heat of the house. 1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 375 It is of good size, for roofing-timber..is cut out of it. 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §6029 Galvanized corrugated iron roofing sheets. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 98 There are now so many light roofing materials,—such as the Willesden roofing paper. 1997 Sci. Amer. July 56/2 This roofing material..paved the way for an immense industry in asbestos-based construction products. b. roofing felt n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > processed resinous materials > [noun] > bitumen-based compositions > roofing material impregnated with bitumen roofing felt1843 Ruberoid1894 rubberoid1908 malthoid1936 1843 Bristol Mercury 10 June 3/2 The Price of the Roofing Felt is Only One Penny per Square Foot. 1894 Country Gentlemen's Catal. 269 Roofing felt.—The best known weather-resisting material yet introduced for roofing purposes. 1929 Morning Post 2 Oct. 6/5 These industries include electrical engineering, paint and varnish making, roofing-felts,..and the manufacture of linoleum. 1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 51 Roofing felt, a very porous, soft and thick paper made from low-grade materials and used as a base for impregnation with bitumen, tar, etc. 2001 S. Hardingham London (ed. 5) vi. 12 The frame is timber, clad in woodwool and faced with roofing felt on the exterior and chipboard waste paper inside. roofing nail n. ΚΠ 1839 Mechanics' Mag. 13 July 247/1 As the tile requires to have a hole formed in it for the reception of the roofing nail, this is effected by means of a punch. 1954 Washington Post 27 Feb. 4/6 Roofing nail E has great holding power, and the nail hole in metal roofing will remain waterproof. 2002 M. Guertin Roofing with Asphalt Shingles i. 23/1 Roofing nails have a 12-gauge shank, a head diameter of at least ⅜ in., and come in lengths from ⁷/ ₈ in. to 3 in. roofing slate n. ΚΠ 1794 J. Miller Synopsis Mineral. f. 3 (table) Roofing slate. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 406/1 It is as hard as roofing slate. 1995 A. M. Cvancara Field Man. Amateur Geologist (rev. ed.) xxii. 278 Dimension stone may be classified according to its use as building stone..roofing slate, and millstock slate. roofing tile n. ΚΠ 1810 W. Nicol Gardener's Kalendar 98 Endive may also be blanched by setting up common roofing tiles, in a triangular form, over the plants. 1961 M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage iv. i. 189 The earliest references to pantiles, the S-curved roofing tile, occur in the 1630s. 2006 New Yorker 9 Jan. 58/1 A huge gray helicopter scooted in low, sending loose roofing tiles knifing through the air. roofing tin n. ΚΠ 1839 Southern Patriot 16 Apr. 3/3 (advt.) Roofing Tin... 100 boxes of patent Roofing Tin. 1937 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 70/2 Roofing tin, also known as ‘terneplate’, consists of thin sheets of steel that have been passed through a molten mixture of tin and lead to give them a protective coating against the elements. 2008 S. Hren & R. Hren Carbon-Free Home iv. 76/1 Nothing beats roofing tin for ease of installation. C3. roofing bone n. Zoology any of the bones forming the cranial vault of the vertebrate skull. ΚΠ 1874 Nature 7 May 9/1 These scales pass insensibly into a set of bones..having the connections, positions, &c. which characterise the roofing-bones of one of the higher skulls (parietals, frontals, nasals, &c.). 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) viii. 241 In fishes, the canals are usually sunken into the substance of the roofing bones as closed tubes with occasional pores opening to the surface. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1450
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