roughheadn.

Brit.

/ˈrʌfhɛd/, U.S.

/ˈrəfˌ(h)ɛd/

Forms: see rough adj. and head n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: rough adj., head n.¹

Etymology: < rough adj. + head n.¹Attested earlier as a surname (e.g. Robert Ruhaued (a1197), Alexander Ruhheued (1218), Robertus Ruheued (1230), Math. Roucheued (1313–17), etc.), apparently in sense ‘person with shaggy hair’ (compare sense 2).

1. Scottish and Irish English. A piece of low-grade peat or turf with the grass on it, used esp. as fuel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod

turfc725

flagc1440

clot1460

soda1475

shirrel1513

ploud1535

peat1570

clod1594

roughhead1631

pare1651

scurf1708

flaw1811

1631 Inventory & Acct. Bk. Ld. Buccleuch 29 Oct. For a roche heid and a staf to put it on for sweiping of the windows and jeastis.

1765 in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) ii. 14 [A complaint..was lodged against certain feuars in Westraw for cutting] Roughheads.

1816 Proclamation in R. S. Craig & M. Laing Hawick Trad. 1514 (1898) 204 Burgeses..are discharged from casting dry land soads of any part of the Commonty or roughheads (except roughheads in the Mosses).

1828 Christian Examiner, & Church of Ireland Mag. Sept. 193 Help Tim Dooley to draw home them rough-heads.

1874 Penn Monthly June 438 The fire was burning brightly,..the second lieutenant had but turned the last lot of ‘roughheads’,..and still held the tongs in his hand.

1957 E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways xiv. 188 There are districts, especially on the islands, which have exhausted their turf and burn nothing but the even more fibrous sods or ‘rough-heads’ skinned off the rocks.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 280/1 Rough-heads, the surface sods of peat, with grass and heather on them, burned only when supplies of better fuel have been used up.

2. An unkempt or unrefined person. Frequently depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person

bearc1395

carter1509

kensy?a1513

clumpertonc1534

club1542

lout1548

clinchpoop1555

clout-shoe1563

loose-breech1575

clown1583

hoyden1593

boor1598

kill-courtesy1600

rustic1600

clunch1602

loblolly1604

camel1609

clusterfist1611

loon1619

Grobian1621

rough diamonda1625

hoyde1636

clodhopper1699

roughhead1726

indelicate1741

vulgarian1809

snob1838

vulgarist1847

yahoo1861

cave-dweller1865

polisson1866

mucker1884

caveman1907

wampus1912

yobbo1922

yenta1923

yob1927

rude1946

cafone1949

no-neck1961

ocker1971

1726 C. Ellison Most Pleasant Descr. Benwel Village 126 Rough Head will claw With Fingers raw, Tho' empty Pate don't itch.

1857 Titan Feb. 123 (heading) Oldham roughheads.

1908 Evening Tribune (Marysville, Ohio) 17 Oct. 4/3 Then one day a rough-head of a boy who was hunting for a lost calf approached the house to ask for information.

1998 J. Needle Wicked Trade (2001) xviii. 198 They came upon a positive gang of roughheads who may—who knew?—have been on the keevee for them.

3. U.S. Either of two shiners (family Cyprinidae), small North American freshwater fishes: the common shiner, Luxilus (or Notropis) cornutus, and (more fully roughhead shiner) N. semperasper.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > unspecified and miscellaneous type

roach1637

roughhead1818

beardy1825

shiner1836

squawfish1871

mountain-barbel1880

1818 Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2 324/2 Red Fin, or Rough-head, Cyprinus cornutus.

1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iv. 208 The Red-fin. Leuciscus cornutus... Associated with the Brook Trout. It has the various popular names of Red-fin, Red Dace, and Rough-head.

1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 416 The redfin is known also as the common shiner, dace, rough-head, and banded dace.

2000 R. J. Goldstein Amer. Aquarium Fishes x. 105 The roughhead shiner is endemic to the upper James River of the valley and ridge provinces of western Virginia.

†4. The Galapagos land iguana, Conolophus subcristatus. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of (iguana) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of

lion-lizard1707

basilisk1813

roughhead1845

1845 J. E. Gray Catal. Specimens Lizards Brit. Mus. 188 The Rough Head. Trachycephalus subcristatus.

1855 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. III. 215 Trachycephalus.—Head-shields convex; hinder outer toe short. T. subcristatus, the Rough Head; Charles Island, Galapagos.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	roughhead
释义	roughheadn. Brit. /ˈrʌfhɛd/, U.S. /ˈrəfˌ(h)ɛd/ Forms: see rough adj. and head n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: rough adj., head n.¹ Etymology: < rough adj. + head n.¹Attested earlier as a surname (e.g. Robert Ruhaued (a1197), Alexander Ruhheued (1218), Robertus Ruheued (1230), Math. Roucheued (1313–17), etc.), apparently in sense ‘person with shaggy hair’ (compare sense 2). 1. Scottish and Irish English. A piece of low-grade peat or turf with the grass on it, used esp. as fuel. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod turfc725 flagc1440 clot1460 soda1475 shirrel1513 ploud1535 peat1570 clod1594 roughhead1631 pare1651 scurf1708 flaw1811 1631 Inventory & Acct. Bk. Ld. Buccleuch 29 Oct. For a roche heid and a staf to put it on for sweiping of the windows and jeastis. 1765 in W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming (1862) ii. 14 [A complaint..was lodged against certain feuars in Westraw for cutting] Roughheads. 1816 Proclamation in R. S. Craig & M. Laing Hawick Trad. 1514 (1898) 204 Burgeses..are discharged from casting dry land soads of any part of the Commonty or roughheads (except roughheads in the Mosses). 1828 Christian Examiner, & Church of Ireland Mag. Sept. 193 Help Tim Dooley to draw home them rough-heads. 1874 Penn Monthly June 438 The fire was burning brightly,..the second lieutenant had but turned the last lot of ‘roughheads’,..and still held the tongs in his hand. 1957 E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways xiv. 188 There are districts, especially on the islands, which have exhausted their turf and burn nothing but the even more fibrous sods or ‘rough-heads’ skinned off the rocks. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 280/1 Rough-heads, the surface sods of peat, with grass and heather on them, burned only when supplies of better fuel have been used up. 2. An unkempt or unrefined person. Frequently depreciative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person bearc1395 carter1509 kensy?a1513 clumpertonc1534 club1542 lout1548 clinchpoop1555 clout-shoe1563 loose-breech1575 clown1583 hoyden1593 boor1598 kill-courtesy1600 rustic1600 clunch1602 loblolly1604 camel1609 clusterfist1611 loon1619 Grobian1621 rough diamonda1625 hoyde1636 clodhopper1699 roughhead1726 indelicate1741 vulgarian1809 snob1838 vulgarist1847 yahoo1861 cave-dweller1865 polisson1866 mucker1884 caveman1907 wampus1912 yobbo1922 yenta1923 yob1927 rude1946 cafone1949 no-neck1961 ocker1971 1726 C. Ellison Most Pleasant Descr. Benwel Village 126 Rough Head will claw With Fingers raw, Tho' empty Pate don't itch. 1857 Titan Feb. 123 (heading) Oldham roughheads. 1908 Evening Tribune (Marysville, Ohio) 17 Oct. 4/3 Then one day a rough-head of a boy who was hunting for a lost calf approached the house to ask for information. 1998 J. Needle Wicked Trade (2001) xviii. 198 They came upon a positive gang of roughheads who may—who knew?—have been on the keevee for them. 3. U.S. Either of two shiners (family Cyprinidae), small North American freshwater fishes: the common shiner, Luxilus (or Notropis) cornutus, and (more fully roughhead shiner) N. semperasper. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > unspecified and miscellaneous type roach1637 roughhead1818 beardy1825 shiner1836 squawfish1871 mountain-barbel1880 1818 Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2 324/2 Red Fin, or Rough-head, Cyprinus cornutus. 1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iv. 208 The Red-fin. Leuciscus cornutus... Associated with the Brook Trout. It has the various popular names of Red-fin, Red Dace, and Rough-head. 1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 416 The redfin is known also as the common shiner, dace, rough-head, and banded dace. 2000 R. J. Goldstein Amer. Aquarium Fishes x. 105 The roughhead shiner is endemic to the upper James River of the valley and ridge provinces of western Virginia. †4. The Galapagos land iguana, Conolophus subcristatus. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of (iguana) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of lion-lizard1707 basilisk1813 roughhead1845 1845 J. E. Gray Catal. Specimens Lizards Brit. Mus. 188 The Rough Head. Trachycephalus subcristatus. 1855 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. III. 215 Trachycephalus.—Head-shields convex; hinder outer toe short. T. subcristatus, the Rough Head; Charles Island, Galapagos. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1631
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