Romanshn.adj.

Brit.

/rə(ʊ)ˈmanʃ/, U.S.

/roʊˈmɑn(t)ʃ/,

/roʊˈmæn(t)ʃ/

Forms:

α. 1600s 1800s– Romauntsh, 1700s– Romansch, 1700s– Romansh, 1700s– Romaunsh, 1800s Romonsch, 1800s Romontsch, 1800s Romuntch, 1800s– Romanesh, 1800s– Romansche, 1800s– Romantsch, 1800s– Romantsh, 1800s– Romonsh.

β. 1700s–1800s Rumaunsch, 1800s Rumonsche, 1800s Rumontsch, 1800s– Roumansch, 1800s– Rumansch, 1800s– Rumansh, 1800s– Rumauntsch, 1800s– Rumonsch, 1800s– Rumonsh.

Origin: A borrowing from Romansh. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Romansh romansch; French romanche.

Etymology: < Romansh romansch, romantsch, romonsch, romontsch, rumansch, rumantsch, rumonsch, etc., adjective and noun (1560 as noun in a Romansh translation of the New Testament, in form †arumaunsch ) < post-classical Latin Romanice , adverb (see romance n.). The vowel variation reflects both Romansh regional phonological variation and the differing orthographic traditions of its various dialects (Romansh has five main dialect groups). In later use probably partly via French romanche (1813; also as romansch (1825), roumansch (1828), romantsch (1831), romontsch (1842)). Compare Romanish n. 2b, Rhaeto-Romance n., Rhaeto-Romanic n.

A. n.

The Rhaeto-Romance language or group of dialects spoken in some areas of the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons).Romansh has been recognized as one of the national languages of Switzerland since 1938; since 1999, it has also been one of the official languages of the country. The term has sometimes been restricted to the dialects spoken in western parts of Graubünden (those of the Engadine being called Ladin), and has also occasionally been used of the Rhaeto-Romance group of languages as a whole.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > Rhaeto-Romance > Romansh

Romansh1673

Romanish1686

Romanese1810

romance1821

α.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 412 In this Countrey the people use a peculiar language of their own, which they call Romansch, that is Lingua Romana. It seems to be nearer Spanish than Italian.

a1691 P. Skippon Acct. Journey Low-Countries in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 696/1 The Engadine, where all the inhabitants..speak an odd language, called Romauntsh.

1776 J. Planta in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 129 This language is called Romansh, and is now spoken in the most mountainous parts of the country of the Grisons.

1789 W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland III. 307 Titles of Earliest Books, and of the Bibles printed in the Romansh.

1802 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. I. 573 Among the Grisons in Engadin, and in some other parts, is spoken what is called the Romansh.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 423/1 One-half of the population of the Grisons speak the Romuntch and Ladin.

1872 W. H. Dixon Switzers 58 In Graubunden..nearly nine thousand families speak Romonsch.

1917 L. Dominian Frontiers Lang. & Nationality in Europe iii. 54 In the Albula valley..Romansh was formerly the only language of the natives.

1971 Language 47 797 (heading) Targets and paradigmatic borrowing in Romantsch.

2001 T. Tokuhama-Espinosa Raising Multilingual Children v. 72 In Switzerland..most official signs, the currency, and food labels are in three or four different languages (French, German, Italian, and Romansh).

β. 1789 W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland III. 282 It is called by the natives Arumansh, Rumaunsch, Romansch, Lingua Romanscha.a1827 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVII. 769/1 It..is subdivided into two branches; the Rumonsche, spoken near the sources of the Rhine, and the Ladinsche near those of the Inn.1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 83/1 The Rumonsch is a written language, and books have been published in it.1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. x. 184 Certain dialects of southern Switzerland are enough unlike Italian to be ordinarily ranked as an independent tongue, under the name of Rhæto-Romanic, or Rumansh.1910 I. Zangwill Ital. Fantasies 128 As if Latin was not once universal in those countries which have gradually transformed it into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Provençal, Roumanian, and Rumonsch!1990 D. Duane Doctor's Orders i. 7 The translator handled the words without hesitation, even though they were in the oldest Swiss language, Rumansch.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating this language.Occasionally applied to Romansh-speaking people as an ethnic group.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Italic > of Romance languages > Rhaeto-Roman

Romansha1691

Rhaetian1834

romance1862

Rhaeto-Romance1864

Rhaeto-Roman1915

a1691 P. Skippon Acct. Journey Low-Countries in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 696/1 The Lord's prayer in the Romauntsh language.

1776 J. Planta in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 129 (heading) An account of the Romansh language.

a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XIX. 756/2 The most complete account of the Romansh language is that from the pen of Mr. Planta.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 205/1 The remainder [of the inhabitants of the Grisons] use the Romansch or the Ladin dialect.

1920 Q. Rev. Apr. 443 Its population is not of German, but of Allemanic race, the only exception being that part which is of Romantsch origin.

1996 J. Minahan Nations without States 184 Related to the Romansh people of Grischun in Switzerland.., the Friuli speak a similar Rhaeto-Romanic language.

2009 R. Berthele in J. Guo et al. Crosslinguistic Approaches Stud. Lang. xii. 164 The speakers of the Romansh varieties are all bilingual in Romansh and (Swiss) German.

Compounds

Objective, as Romansh-speaker, Romansh-speaking adj., etc.

ΚΠ

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/1 The Romansch-speaking Leagues of Rhætia.

1967 Times 29 Sept. 8/1 German Swiss are neglecting to learn French, and Romansch speakers see less and less need to worry about German.

1981 Canad. Rev. Stud. Nationalism 8 60 The social and attitudinal forces contributing to the advance of German in traditionally Romansh-using territory.

2001 D. McAdam et al. Dynamics of Contention ix. 277 Important distinctions have long existed between Switzerland's Germanic-speaking northern and eastern cantons..and its Romansch-speaking enclaves in the southeast.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	romansh
释义	Romanshn.adj. Brit. /rə(ʊ)ˈmanʃ/, U.S. /roʊˈmɑn(t)ʃ/, /roʊˈmæn(t)ʃ/ Forms: α. 1600s 1800s– Romauntsh, 1700s– Romansch, 1700s– Romansh, 1700s– Romaunsh, 1800s Romonsch, 1800s Romontsch, 1800s Romuntch, 1800s– Romanesh, 1800s– Romansche, 1800s– Romantsch, 1800s– Romantsh, 1800s– Romonsh. β. 1700s–1800s Rumaunsch, 1800s Rumonsche, 1800s Rumontsch, 1800s– Roumansch, 1800s– Rumansch, 1800s– Rumansh, 1800s– Rumauntsch, 1800s– Rumonsch, 1800s– Rumonsh. Origin: A borrowing from Romansh. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Romansh romansch; French romanche. Etymology: < Romansh romansch, romantsch, romonsch, romontsch, rumansch, rumantsch, rumonsch, etc., adjective and noun (1560 as noun in a Romansh translation of the New Testament, in form †arumaunsch ) < post-classical Latin Romanice , adverb (see romance n.). The vowel variation reflects both Romansh regional phonological variation and the differing orthographic traditions of its various dialects (Romansh has five main dialect groups). In later use probably partly via French romanche (1813; also as romansch (1825), roumansch (1828), romantsch (1831), romontsch (1842)). Compare Romanish n. 2b, Rhaeto-Romance n., Rhaeto-Romanic n. A. n. The Rhaeto-Romance language or group of dialects spoken in some areas of the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons).Romansh has been recognized as one of the national languages of Switzerland since 1938; since 1999, it has also been one of the official languages of the country. The term has sometimes been restricted to the dialects spoken in western parts of Graubünden (those of the Engadine being called Ladin), and has also occasionally been used of the Rhaeto-Romance group of languages as a whole. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > Rhaeto-Romance > Romansh Romansh1673 Romanish1686 Romanese1810 romance1821 α. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 412 In this Countrey the people use a peculiar language of their own, which they call Romansch, that is Lingua Romana. It seems to be nearer Spanish than Italian. a1691 P. Skippon Acct. Journey Low-Countries in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 696/1 The Engadine, where all the inhabitants..speak an odd language, called Romauntsh. 1776 J. Planta in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 129 This language is called Romansh, and is now spoken in the most mountainous parts of the country of the Grisons. 1789 W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland III. 307 Titles of Earliest Books, and of the Bibles printed in the Romansh. 1802 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. I. 573 Among the Grisons in Engadin, and in some other parts, is spoken what is called the Romansh. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 423/1 One-half of the population of the Grisons speak the Romuntch and Ladin. 1872 W. H. Dixon Switzers 58 In Graubunden..nearly nine thousand families speak Romonsch. 1917 L. Dominian Frontiers Lang. & Nationality in Europe iii. 54 In the Albula valley..Romansh was formerly the only language of the natives. 1971 Language 47 797 (heading) Targets and paradigmatic borrowing in Romantsch. 2001 T. Tokuhama-Espinosa Raising Multilingual Children v. 72 In Switzerland..most official signs, the currency, and food labels are in three or four different languages (French, German, Italian, and Romansh). β. 1789 W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland III. 282 It is called by the natives Arumansh, Rumaunsch, Romansch, Lingua Romanscha.a1827 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVII. 769/1 It..is subdivided into two branches; the Rumonsche, spoken near the sources of the Rhine, and the Ladinsche near those of the Inn.1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 83/1 The Rumonsch is a written language, and books have been published in it.1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. x. 184 Certain dialects of southern Switzerland are enough unlike Italian to be ordinarily ranked as an independent tongue, under the name of Rhæto-Romanic, or Rumansh.1910 I. Zangwill Ital. Fantasies 128 As if Latin was not once universal in those countries which have gradually transformed it into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Provençal, Roumanian, and Rumonsch!1990 D. Duane Doctor's Orders i. 7 The translator handled the words without hesitation, even though they were in the oldest Swiss language, Rumansch. B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating this language.Occasionally applied to Romansh-speaking people as an ethnic group. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Italic > of Romance languages > Rhaeto-Roman Romansha1691 Rhaetian1834 romance1862 Rhaeto-Romance1864 Rhaeto-Roman1915 a1691 P. Skippon Acct. Journey Low-Countries in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 696/1 The Lord's prayer in the Romauntsh language. 1776 J. Planta in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 129 (heading) An account of the Romansh language. a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XIX. 756/2 The most complete account of the Romansh language is that from the pen of Mr. Planta. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 205/1 The remainder [of the inhabitants of the Grisons] use the Romansch or the Ladin dialect. 1920 Q. Rev. Apr. 443 Its population is not of German, but of Allemanic race, the only exception being that part which is of Romantsch origin. 1996 J. Minahan Nations without States 184 Related to the Romansh people of Grischun in Switzerland.., the Friuli speak a similar Rhaeto-Romanic language. 2009 R. Berthele in J. Guo et al. Crosslinguistic Approaches Stud. Lang. xii. 164 The speakers of the Romansh varieties are all bilingual in Romansh and (Swiss) German. Compounds Objective, as Romansh-speaker, Romansh-speaking adj., etc. ΚΠ 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/1 The Romansch-speaking Leagues of Rhætia. 1967 Times 29 Sept. 8/1 German Swiss are neglecting to learn French, and Romansch speakers see less and less need to worry about German. 1981 Canad. Rev. Stud. Nationalism 8 60 The social and attitudinal forces contributing to the advance of German in traditionally Romansh-using territory. 2001 D. McAdam et al. Dynamics of Contention ix. 277 Important distinctions have long existed between Switzerland's Germanic-speaking northern and eastern cantons..and its Romansch-speaking enclaves in the southeast. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1673
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