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单词 roman empire
释义

Roman Empiren.

Brit. /ˌrəʊmən ˈɛmpʌɪə/, U.S. /ˌroʊmən ˈɛmˌpaɪ(ə)r/
Forms: see Roman n.1 and adj.1 and empire n. and adj.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Roman adj.1, empire n.
Etymology: < Roman adj.1 + empire n. Compare classical Latin imperium Romānum , Middle French, French empire romain (1537 or earlier in sense 1, 1601 or earlier in sense 2), Italian impero romano (beginning of the 14th cent. as †imperio romano , originally in sense 1), Spanish imperio romano (late 14th cent., originally in sense 1), Middle Dutch romesches keiserrīke (in sense 1), and Middle Low German romesch rīke , German römisches Reich (Middle High German rœmisch rīche ), in both senses (now historical in sense 2). Compare earlier Romeland and Romeriche (see Rome n.).
1. historical. The territories under the rule or administration of ancient Rome; spec. the empire as established by Augustus in the 1st cent. b.c. and divided in a.d. 395 into two parts, the Western and Eastern Empires (cf. Western Empire at western adj. 5b and Eastern Empire at eastern adj. 6b).At its greatest extent Roman rule or influence extended from Armenia and Mesopotamia in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west, and from the border of Scotland in the north to Egypt and provinces on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa in the south.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > the Roman Empire
Romanyc1330
Roman Empire?a1475
Roman Republic1625
Romandom1854
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 17 (MED) The Romane empyre [L. Romanum imperium]..was so attrite and trowblede with batells civile, that hit was unnethe sufficiaunte ageyne their awne enemyes.
1528 T. Wyatt tr. Plutarch Quyete of Mynde sig. c.v v How great aparte is nowe Macedony of the romayn Empyre [Gk. τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίας]?
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors Ep. Ded. The moost myghtye Monaychie of the Romain Empire Octauius Augustus.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 226 I have devowed my selfe to the Roman Empire [L. pro Romano orbe].
1660 tr. R. Arnauld d'Andilly Manner of ordering Fruit-trees Pref. sig. a3 Cicero (that admirable Spirit, who alone was capable of equalling the vast greatness of the Roman Empire).
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 267. ¶6 Æneas's Settlement in Italy produced the Cæsars, and gave Birth to the Roman Empire.
1783 J. Beattie Diss. Moral & Crit. 621 That part of Italy, where a few centuries after was built the great metropolis of the Roman empire.
1824 L. M. Child Hobomok xiii. 115 I have heard my husband say that our own mighty kingdom was once a remote province of the Roman empire.
1855 J. E. Cooke Ellie i. v. 143 A man named Jesus Christ, appeared in Judea, a province of the Roman Empire, about eighteen hundred years ago.
1922 F. B. Marsh Founding Rom. Empire i. 5 The Roman empire expanded rapidly for forty-four years, then stood still for fifty-one years, then advanced again for twenty-five years, then remained stationary for fifty-eight years.
1974 J. Webster et al. in G. D. B. Jones et al. Rom. Manch. 133 Glass bangles of this and other types are found on sites in Roman Britain, especially on Roman and native sites in Scotland, but not elsewhere in the Roman empire.
2009 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 31 May e7 Along the banks of the Nile River are vestiges of civilizations that flourished from 3000 BC to the end of the Roman Empire in early fifth century AD.
2. = Holy Roman Empire n. Also Sacred Roman Empire. historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > the Holy Roman or German Empire
RomeOE
empirec1485
German Empire1550
Roman Empire1583
Sacred Empire1617
Holy Roman Empire1698
1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 734/1 For euen from my youth hitherto, I haue applyed all my care and study, fyrst for the honour of your maiesty, and consequently for the amplifying of the Germayne nation, and sacred Romayne Empire.
1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories 146 These the present Armories of the Romaine Empire.
1725 J. Henley tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Italy (ed. 2) xxii. 235 Our Sovereign Lord Charles, by the Grace of God, most Serene King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia..and Vicar General of the Sacred Roman Empire.
1851 E. Creasy Fifteen Decisive Battles (1908) vii. 170 The new Christian Roman Empire of the West, which the genius of Charlemagne founded, and throughout which his iron will imposed peace on the old anarchy of creeds and races, did not indeed retain its integrity after its great ruler's death.
1863 J. B. Burke Viciss. Families 3rd Ser. p. xvii He was amply rewarded for his services by the Emperor of Germany, who created him Count of the Sacred Roman Empire, and bestowed upon him large estates in Bohemia and Styria.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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