rockworkn.

Brit.

/ˈrɒkwəːk/, U.S.

/ˈrɑkˌwərk/

Forms: see rock n.¹ and work n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: rock n.¹, work n.

Etymology: < rock n.¹ + work n. With sense 1b compare rocaille n.

a. Ornamental or decorative work resembling rocks or shells. Cf. shell-work n. 1.In early use chiefly with reference to embroidery.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > work in specific medium

bonework1557

shell-work1611

rockwork1615

feather-work1665

quillwork1688

boss-work1697

ice work1729

wafer-work1789

filigree paper1800

feather-mosaic1843

cut paper1847

plumagery1854

leather-work1856

graffito1863

cuerda seca1911

papercraft1917

barbola1927

rosemaling1933

cuenca1939

penwork1969

1615 in W. Foster Lett. received by E. India Co. (1899) III. 16 Some pillow sweetbag or other like thing of the rockwork used lately in England.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot ii. vi. 60 They, who..busie themselves in rock-work, in Civet-baskets, in waxen Fruit-Trees.

1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 9 All the Productions of the Needle, with all the curious devices of Wax-work, Rock-work, Moss-work, Cabinet-work, Bengle-work, &c.

1697 C. K. Art's Master-piece 78 Through any small Sieve shake the Colours you design, whilst the Varnish is wet, and sweep up in Rock-Work all Speckles that straggle on the edges.

1773 J. Coxe Catal. Mechanism & Jewellery Museum at Spring-Gardens 23 An elegant Pedestal, compos'd of cristal Pillars, Rockwork, Corals, reflecting Mirrours, [etc.].

1868 Official Catal. National Exhib. Wks. Art at Leeds 281 Four tiers of shells and brackets, surmounted by Venus and Cupid on rockwork stand.

1925 Good Housek. June 261/1 In the furniture,..appear the scrolls, shells, rockwork, and other rococo designs which Chippendale so often employed.

2007 D. FitzGerald & J. Peill Irish Furnit. ii. 260 They both have unusual crescents filling the pediments and pierced rockwork on the top of the cresting.

b. Rocks and shells used to create ornamental figures and designs as decoration for a grotto or other garden feature. Cf. rocaille n. Chiefly historical after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > rock garden

rockwork1632

rockery1794

alpine garden1801

rock garden1821

stonery1833

moraine1907

1632 A. Townshend Tempe Restord 4 The first order of marble Pillasters. Betweene which were neeces of rocke worke and Statues.

1699 tr. F. de S. de la Mothe-Fénelon Adventures Telemachus 6 The Grotto was cut into divers Vaults within the Rock, which were incrusted with Shells and Rockwork.

1734 E. S. Rowe Friendship in Death (ed. 2) ii. v. 27 The Sides of this fine Cavity were Rock-work, adorned with Branches of Coral, Mother-of-Pearl, and a great Variety of counterfeit Gems.

1759 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 34 Fountain, with rock-work and the largest gold and silver fish I ever saw.

1790 W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 9 A cascade..decorated with rock-work.

1906 P. de Nolhac Versailles & Trianon 197 There were six rows of seats arranged in the form of an amphitheatre, the back of which was a grotto of rockwork.

2001 H. Jackson Shell Houses & Grottoes 9 It was covered with tufa and rockwork later in the eighteenth century to give it a more rustic and subterranean appearance.

a. A natural mass or group of rocks. Also figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of rock

stonec825

rockOE

rockwork1705

rockery1856

1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1954 These are pretty Shells, and frequently found in Rock-work.

1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 233/2 Their majesties' desert, in which the confectioner had lavished all his ingenuity in rock work and emblematical figures.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 96 This genial intercourse..softens human rock-work into men.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 53/2 Hints should be taken from the natural rock-work that often meets us by the mountain side.

1890 Cent. Mag. Aug. 490/2 We come within a few miles to the Vernal and Nevada falls..set in the midst of most novel and sublime rock-work.

1947 M. S. Douglas Everglades i. 31 Thousands and hundreds of thousands of acres of fantastic rockwork.

1986 J. D. Hunt Garden & Grove iv. 45 Inside these larger alcoves tufa and pumice stone simulate natural rockwork.

b. Stones roughly piled together in imitation of natural rocks as an ornamental garden feature, esp. a rockery.

ΚΠ

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §1979 Rockwork is one of the most common ornaments of gardens.

1845 Florist 225 Maritime plants can be planted appropriately at intervals round the pond at the base of the rock~work.

1880 J. Fothergill Probation ii. xii A bench situated in a kind of rockery;..the seat was a little retired in a hollow of the rockwork.

1936 Amer. Home Feb. 12/2 At the top waterfall which is nearly five feet high, rough concrete steps were formed as a foundation for the rockwork.

1961 Archit. Hist. 4 90 They were conducted..through a veritable forest of tropical vegetation, complete with naturalistic rockwork, pools of water, fountains and unique rock crystals.

1993 A. Archer-Wills Water Gardener 69 The golden rule of rockwork is that a few large pieces of stone are more convincing than lots of small ones.

2003 S. Paulson in Rock Garden Design & Constr. ii. 114 Substantial plants such as dwarf conifers that are to be grown in the interstices of the rockwork should be placed during construction.

3. Architecture. Masonry with a rough projecting face, giving the appearance of natural, freshly quarried rock. Cf. rustic work n. at rustic adj. and n. Compounds 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of

ashlar-work1398

rough wall1398

keying1483

corbelling1548

rustic1610

channel1611

rustic work1615

ledge1624

coffer-work1668

rubble work1675

canal1723

rockwork1755

ashlaring1758

rubble1815

ragwork1840

striped work1842

1755 London in Miniature 99 The Rock-work, or Rustick, can never be better introduced than in Buildings by the Side of the Water.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. i. 735 Rustics and rockwork on columns are rarely justifiable except for the purpose of some particular picturesque effect.

1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. 558/1 Rock-work, erroneous term for rock-faced or quarry-faced ashlar.

4. Rock climbing; (also) the skills and techniques associated with this; rock craft.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > skill

rockwork1864

rock craft1892

snow-craft1892

rope-work1901

1864 J. Ball Central Alps ix. 253/1 The rockwork on either side of the pass is somewhat difficult, and the assistance of an experienced guide is indispensable.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 30 Mar. 3/2 Though the climbs are short they afford excellent practice for learning rock work of the most difficult kind.

1901 G. Bell Let. Aug. (1927) I. 123 It was the greatest fun, very difficult rock work.

1978 R. Graves Bushcraft i. 23 The ‘Absyle’ is used for rock work, generally for descending, though it can be used on some faces for ascent.

1993 F. Beckey Mount McKinley (1998) xvi. 206 The climbing here was the steepest and most difficult rockwork on the route.

Compounds

General attributive and objective (in senses 1b, 2b).

ΚΠ

1822 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening 1425/2 Mitella, N. Amer. rockwork plants, which prefer light rich soil.

1882 Garden 1 Apr. 211/2 I wish to warn all rockwork planters against this evening Primrose.

1904 E. Wharton Ital. Villas iii.103 This tank is surmounted by a statue of Thetis on a rock-work throne, in a niche formed in the basement of the pavillion.

1972 Archit. Hist. 15 25 A meandering Kentian stream that was crossed by a rustic rock-work bridge.

1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 7 Sept. (Spring Gardening Annual Suppl.) 6/2 Garden paths, rockwork features, tennis courts, pergolas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rockwork
释义	rockworkn. Brit. /ˈrɒkwəːk/, U.S. /ˈrɑkˌwərk/ Forms: see rock n.¹ and work n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: rock n.¹, work n. Etymology: < rock n.¹ + work n. With sense 1b compare rocaille n. 1. a. Ornamental or decorative work resembling rocks or shells. Cf. shell-work n. 1.In early use chiefly with reference to embroidery. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > work in specific medium bonework1557 shell-work1611 rockwork1615 feather-work1665 quillwork1688 boss-work1697 ice work1729 wafer-work1789 filigree paper1800 feather-mosaic1843 cut paper1847 plumagery1854 leather-work1856 graffito1863 cuerda seca1911 papercraft1917 barbola1927 rosemaling1933 cuenca1939 penwork1969 1615 in W. Foster Lett. received by E. India Co. (1899) III. 16 Some pillow sweetbag or other like thing of the rockwork used lately in England. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot ii. vi. 60 They, who..busie themselves in rock-work, in Civet-baskets, in waxen Fruit-Trees. 1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 9 All the Productions of the Needle, with all the curious devices of Wax-work, Rock-work, Moss-work, Cabinet-work, Bengle-work, &c. 1697 C. K. Art's Master-piece 78 Through any small Sieve shake the Colours you design, whilst the Varnish is wet, and sweep up in Rock-Work all Speckles that straggle on the edges. 1773 J. Coxe Catal. Mechanism & Jewellery Museum at Spring-Gardens 23 An elegant Pedestal, compos'd of cristal Pillars, Rockwork, Corals, reflecting Mirrours, [etc.]. 1868 Official Catal. National Exhib. Wks. Art at Leeds 281 Four tiers of shells and brackets, surmounted by Venus and Cupid on rockwork stand. 1925 Good Housek. June 261/1 In the furniture,..appear the scrolls, shells, rockwork, and other rococo designs which Chippendale so often employed. 2007 D. FitzGerald & J. Peill Irish Furnit. ii. 260 They both have unusual crescents filling the pediments and pierced rockwork on the top of the cresting. b. Rocks and shells used to create ornamental figures and designs as decoration for a grotto or other garden feature. Cf. rocaille n. Chiefly historical after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > rock garden rockwork1632 rockery1794 alpine garden1801 rock garden1821 stonery1833 moraine1907 1632 A. Townshend Tempe Restord 4 The first order of marble Pillasters. Betweene which were neeces of rocke worke and Statues. 1699 tr. F. de S. de la Mothe-Fénelon Adventures Telemachus 6 The Grotto was cut into divers Vaults within the Rock, which were incrusted with Shells and Rockwork. 1734 E. S. Rowe Friendship in Death (ed. 2) ii. v. 27 The Sides of this fine Cavity were Rock-work, adorned with Branches of Coral, Mother-of-Pearl, and a great Variety of counterfeit Gems. 1759 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 34 Fountain, with rock-work and the largest gold and silver fish I ever saw. 1790 W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 9 A cascade..decorated with rock-work. 1906 P. de Nolhac Versailles & Trianon 197 There were six rows of seats arranged in the form of an amphitheatre, the back of which was a grotto of rockwork. 2001 H. Jackson Shell Houses & Grottoes 9 It was covered with tufa and rockwork later in the eighteenth century to give it a more rustic and subterranean appearance. 2. a. A natural mass or group of rocks. Also figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of rock stonec825 rockOE rockwork1705 rockery1856 1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1954 These are pretty Shells, and frequently found in Rock-work. 1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 233/2 Their majesties' desert, in which the confectioner had lavished all his ingenuity in rock work and emblematical figures. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 96 This genial intercourse..softens human rock-work into men. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 53/2 Hints should be taken from the natural rock-work that often meets us by the mountain side. 1890 Cent. Mag. Aug. 490/2 We come within a few miles to the Vernal and Nevada falls..set in the midst of most novel and sublime rock-work. 1947 M. S. Douglas Everglades i. 31 Thousands and hundreds of thousands of acres of fantastic rockwork. 1986 J. D. Hunt Garden & Grove iv. 45 Inside these larger alcoves tufa and pumice stone simulate natural rockwork. b. Stones roughly piled together in imitation of natural rocks as an ornamental garden feature, esp. a rockery. ΚΠ 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §1979 Rockwork is one of the most common ornaments of gardens. 1845 Florist 225 Maritime plants can be planted appropriately at intervals round the pond at the base of the rock~work. 1880 J. Fothergill Probation ii. xii A bench situated in a kind of rockery;..the seat was a little retired in a hollow of the rockwork. 1936 Amer. Home Feb. 12/2 At the top waterfall which is nearly five feet high, rough concrete steps were formed as a foundation for the rockwork. 1961 Archit. Hist. 4 90 They were conducted..through a veritable forest of tropical vegetation, complete with naturalistic rockwork, pools of water, fountains and unique rock crystals. 1993 A. Archer-Wills Water Gardener 69 The golden rule of rockwork is that a few large pieces of stone are more convincing than lots of small ones. 2003 S. Paulson in Rock Garden Design & Constr. ii. 114 Substantial plants such as dwarf conifers that are to be grown in the interstices of the rockwork should be placed during construction. 3. Architecture. Masonry with a rough projecting face, giving the appearance of natural, freshly quarried rock. Cf. rustic work n. at rustic adj. and n. Compounds 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of ashlar-work1398 rough wall1398 keying1483 corbelling1548 rustic1610 channel1611 rustic work1615 ledge1624 coffer-work1668 rubble work1675 canal1723 rockwork1755 ashlaring1758 rubble1815 ragwork1840 striped work1842 1755 London in Miniature 99 The Rock-work, or Rustick, can never be better introduced than in Buildings by the Side of the Water. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. i. 735 Rustics and rockwork on columns are rarely justifiable except for the purpose of some particular picturesque effect. 1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. 558/1 Rock-work, erroneous term for rock-faced or quarry-faced ashlar. 4. Rock climbing; (also) the skills and techniques associated with this; rock craft. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > skill rockwork1864 rock craft1892 snow-craft1892 rope-work1901 1864 J. Ball Central Alps ix. 253/1 The rockwork on either side of the pass is somewhat difficult, and the assistance of an experienced guide is indispensable. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 30 Mar. 3/2 Though the climbs are short they afford excellent practice for learning rock work of the most difficult kind. 1901 G. Bell Let. Aug. (1927) I. 123 It was the greatest fun, very difficult rock work. 1978 R. Graves Bushcraft i. 23 The ‘Absyle’ is used for rock work, generally for descending, though it can be used on some faces for ascent. 1993 F. Beckey Mount McKinley (1998) xvi. 206 The climbing here was the steepest and most difficult rockwork on the route. Compounds General attributive and objective (in senses 1b, 2b). ΚΠ 1822 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening 1425/2 Mitella, N. Amer. rockwork plants, which prefer light rich soil. 1882 Garden 1 Apr. 211/2 I wish to warn all rockwork planters against this evening Primrose. 1904 E. Wharton Ital. Villas iii.103 This tank is surmounted by a statue of Thetis on a rock-work throne, in a niche formed in the basement of the pavillion. 1972 Archit. Hist. 15 25 A meandering Kentian stream that was crossed by a rustic rock-work bridge. 1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 7 Sept. (Spring Gardening Annual Suppl.) 6/2 Garden paths, rockwork features, tennis courts, pergolas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1615
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