† roboratev.

Forms: late Middle English roborate (past tense), late Middle English roborate (past participle), 1500s–1800s roborate; Scottish pre-1700 roborait (past participle), pre-1700 roborat, pre-1700 roborat (past participle), pre-1700 roborate, pre-1700 roborate (past tense), pre-1700 roborate (past participle), pre-1700 roboratt, pre-1700 roboratt (past participle).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rōborāt-, rōborāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin rōborāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of rōborāre to strengthen, in post-classical Latin also to validate, confirm (6th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < rōbor- , rōbur strength (see robur n.). Compare roboration n.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To ratify, confirm (a charter, decision, or treaty).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)]

confirm1297

ratify1357

endoss1381

approve1413

roborate?a1475

establish1533

justify1596

firm1599

rate?1611

affeera1616

tie1623

convalidate1656

sanction1778

accredit1826

countersign1840

endorse1847

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 203 Gregorius..roborate [a1387 Trev. strengþede; L. roboravit] the sentence of excommunication ageyne Frederyke the emperoure.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 245 (MED) The kynge made a chartoure roborate [a1387 Trev. confermed; L. roboratam] by auctorite of the pope.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxii. sig. h.iii It to confyrme, and roborate specyall With charters and dedes, and seales patent.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. x. 54 Mony vthir bandis war roborate betuix þe two pepill.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. viii. f. 7^v/2 The peace beand roborat in this maner, baith the kyngis returnit hame.

1552 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 246 The seill..to be hungin to this present chartor to roborat and strentht the same.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 437/1 Euen now will I confirme..your ouer-worne and vndermined Charters, and will roborate them most firmely with a new oath.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. ii. 35 in Church-hist. Brit. This Bull also relateth to ancient priviledges of Popes and Princes, bestowed upon her; which herein are roborated and confirmed.

1678 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 258 This act was not done in a corner, and is now roborated with the peaceable possession of a grand prescription, never being once drawn in question.

2. transitive. Chiefly Medicine. To strengthen, invigorate, or restore (a person or thing). Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > make strong [verb (transitive)]

strengha1175

strengthc1300

fastena1398

starka1400

fortify14..

enstrength1483

roborate1534

enstrengthen1539

strengthen1539

strengthen1546

masculate1623

nerve1694

nervate1792

1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 118^v Anone after as waxyng yonge men, they were roborated and made stronge vnto greate batayles.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 22 His Fortoun was with strenth so roborait.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. v. 215 Those thinges which doe confirme and roborate.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 163 He prescribeth stipticke..to roborate or strengthen the vertue of the guttes.

1657 R. Tomlinson To Rdr. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory sig. b4^v Such Simples..some to qualify, the rest to roborate.

1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. i. iii. 74 By preventing Grace.., the Liberty of the Will..is wonderfully perfected and roborated.

1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 85 It roborates the Parts that are hurt.

1721 J. Handley Mech. Ess. Animal Oecon. 256 In all Deafnesses, let the Head be carefully roborated, both by external and internal medicines.

1839 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 24 65 The system by this means may be so roborated as to aid in the cure of the local disease.

1860 F. J. Kron Let. 11 Oct. in Papers T. Ruffin (1920) III. 98 A wine can be made..that will..exhilarate the well and roborate the sick.

3. transitive. To harden (a person's heart); to make obdurate. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > hard-heartedness > [verb (transitive)]

hard heart1581

roborate1652

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > make hard or callous

hardc1325

hardenc1350

engrege1382

endurec1384

indurec1450

indurate1538

obduratea1540

brawn1571

hard heart1581

sear1582

cauterize1587

myrmidonize1593

obdure1598

Gorgonize1609

stonea1616

petrifya1631

petrificate1647

roborate1652

case-harden1687

ossify1803

hard-boil1929

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 217 To what end served those false mirables of the Magicians, but to roborate or harden Pharaohs heart.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	roborate
释义	† roboratev. Forms: late Middle English roborate (past tense), late Middle English roborate (past participle), 1500s–1800s roborate; Scottish pre-1700 roborait (past participle), pre-1700 roborat, pre-1700 roborat (past participle), pre-1700 roborate, pre-1700 roborate (past tense), pre-1700 roborate (past participle), pre-1700 roboratt, pre-1700 roboratt (past participle). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin rōborāt-, rōborāre. Etymology: < classical Latin rōborāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of rōborāre to strengthen, in post-classical Latin also to validate, confirm (6th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < rōbor- , rōbur strength (see robur n.). Compare roboration n. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To ratify, confirm (a charter, decision, or treaty). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)] confirm1297 ratify1357 endoss1381 approve1413 roborate?a1475 establish1533 justify1596 firm1599 rate?1611 affeera1616 tie1623 convalidate1656 sanction1778 accredit1826 countersign1840 endorse1847 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 203 Gregorius..roborate [a1387 Trev. strengþede; L. roboravit] the sentence of excommunication ageyne Frederyke the emperoure. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 245 (MED) The kynge made a chartoure roborate [a1387 Trev. confermed; L. roboratam] by auctorite of the pope. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxii. sig. h.iii It to confyrme, and roborate specyall With charters and dedes, and seales patent. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. x. 54 Mony vthir bandis war roborate betuix þe two pepill. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. viii. f. 7^v/2 The peace beand roborat in this maner, baith the kyngis returnit hame. 1552 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 246 The seill..to be hungin to this present chartor to roborat and strentht the same. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 437/1 Euen now will I confirme..your ouer-worne and vndermined Charters, and will roborate them most firmely with a new oath. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. ii. 35 in Church-hist. Brit. This Bull also relateth to ancient priviledges of Popes and Princes, bestowed upon her; which herein are roborated and confirmed. 1678 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 258 This act was not done in a corner, and is now roborated with the peaceable possession of a grand prescription, never being once drawn in question. 2. transitive. Chiefly Medicine. To strengthen, invigorate, or restore (a person or thing). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > strengthening > make strong [verb (transitive)] strengha1175 strengthc1300 fastena1398 starka1400 fortify14.. enstrength1483 roborate1534 enstrengthen1539 strengthen1539 strengthen1546 masculate1623 nerve1694 nervate1792 1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 118^v Anone after as waxyng yonge men, they were roborated and made stronge vnto greate batayles. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 22 His Fortoun was with strenth so roborait. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. v. 215 Those thinges which doe confirme and roborate. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 163 He prescribeth stipticke..to roborate or strengthen the vertue of the guttes. 1657 R. Tomlinson To Rdr. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory sig. b4^v Such Simples..some to qualify, the rest to roborate. 1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. i. iii. 74 By preventing Grace.., the Liberty of the Will..is wonderfully perfected and roborated. 1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 85 It roborates the Parts that are hurt. 1721 J. Handley Mech. Ess. Animal Oecon. 256 In all Deafnesses, let the Head be carefully roborated, both by external and internal medicines. 1839 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 24 65 The system by this means may be so roborated as to aid in the cure of the local disease. 1860 F. J. Kron Let. 11 Oct. in Papers T. Ruffin (1920) III. 98 A wine can be made..that will..exhilarate the well and roborate the sick. 3. transitive. To harden (a person's heart); to make obdurate. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > hard-heartedness > [verb (transitive)] hard heart1581 roborate1652 the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > make hard or callous hardc1325 hardenc1350 engrege1382 endurec1384 indurec1450 indurate1538 obduratea1540 brawn1571 hard heart1581 sear1582 cauterize1587 myrmidonize1593 obdure1598 Gorgonize1609 stonea1616 petrifya1631 petrificate1647 roborate1652 case-harden1687 ossify1803 hard-boil1929 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 217 To what end served those false mirables of the Magicians, but to roborate or harden Pharaohs heart. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.?a1475
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