rispn.¹

Brit.

/rɪsp/, U.S.

/rɪsp/, Scottish English

/rɪsp/

Forms: Scottish pre-1700 rispe, pre-1700 rysp, pre-1700 ryspe, 1800s resp, 1800s– risp; English regional (northern) 1800s– risp.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: risp n.², risp n.³

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a spec. use of risp n.² (the blades of grass or their sharp edges being likened to a rasp or file), or perhaps related to risp n.³Compare rasp grass n. at rasp n.¹ Compounds 2, which perhaps shows folk-etymological alteration of risp grass after rasp n.¹

Chiefly Scottish. Now rare.

More fully risp grass. Any of various long coarse grasses, sedges, or reeds found on boggy ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > names applied to various types of grass

windlestrawc1000

shear-grass1483

risp1508

sweet-grass1577

star grass1687

reesk1735

bluegrass1751

cheat1784

spear-grass1784

white top1803

prairie grass1812

elephant grass1832

ryegrass1845

wool-grass1854

snow-grass1865

quick1896

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 185 Amang the grene rispis and the redis Arrivit sche.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. vi. 72 Amang the fauch rispis harsk and star.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xii. 54 Amang the buskis rank of rysp and redis.

1823 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 190 The hay-rope..was made of risp, a sort of long sword-grass that grows about marshes and the sides of lakes.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 350 Carex cæspitosa, Risp.

1844 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 108 A covering of fen-grasses.., ‘rashers’..and ‘risp-grass’ (Arundo phragmites) from the..tracts around.

1892 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words II. 579 Risp-Grass, long rough grass such as grows on marshy land.

1926 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Penny Wheep 25 That 'bune the green risp 'i the fu' mune Cannily blaws.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rispn.²

Brit.

/rɪsp/, U.S.

/rɪsp/

Forms: Scottish pre-1700 risp, pre-1700 rispe, pre-1700 rysp, 1800s– risp, 1900s– resp; Irish English (northern) 1900s– risp.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: risp v.

Etymology: < risp v. Compare Old Icelandic rispa slight scratch, Norwegian risp slash, scratch, Swedish rispa scratch, tear.

1. Scottish and Irish English (northern). A carpenter's file; a rasp. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > coarse

rape1404

risp1511

rasp1541

rubber1678

rake1727

hack file1868

1511–12 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 272 For ane saw..for the gunnis.., ane lang rispe,..and ane wisp of Lambart steile.

1583 Edinb. Test. XIII. f. 118^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Foure gros of ryspis & fylis..iiij li.

1623 in G. Ornsby Select. from Househ. Bks. Naworth Castle (1878) 207 For 12 spads, 6 loks, 2 hatchits, on rispe.

1638 Edinb. Test. LVIII. f. 331^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The pewderer irone work..rispis with lifting irones to the baik.

1835 D. Webster Orig. Sc. Rhymes 44 His throat's like a risp.

1843 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 52 These balls..are exceedingly globular, although..finished by a large file or risp.

1884 ‘J. Strathesk’ More Bits from Blinkbonny iii. 42 That's liker a ‘risp’ than a razor!

a1908 H. C. Hart MS Coll. Ulster Words in M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal (1953) 234/1 Risp, a rasp, file.

2. Scottish. A small serrated bar fixed upright on a house door, with a ring attached, which was forcibly rubbed up and down the bar to attract the attention of those inside. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1825 R. Chambers Trad. Edinb. I. 234 This house had a pin or risp at the door, instead of the more modern convenience, a knocker.

1875 J. Grant One of Six Hundred i The little thatched cottages, with rusty antique risps on their doors.

1898 A. Balfour To Arms xvii You will know the house by the risp on the door.

1904 R. O. Masson Edinburgh v. 90 His tiny study, with the old Scottish pin or risp on the door.

1962 H. Mathews Conversions 67 The door had neither bell nor knocker, only a risp, and this stuck.

3. Scottish. A grating or rasping sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping

grating1611

raspa1828

risp1827

gride1830

skirrc1870

rashing1889

rasping1889

1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth De Bruce III. 108 At the hour of midnight, a low risp and tirl were heard on our door-pin.

1850 J. Struthers Life in Poet. Wks. I. p. xiv The rusty risp of the Corncraik.

1897 S. R. Crockett Lochinvar l Cutting them through with a pleasant ‘risp’ of sound.

1900 J. Buchan Half-Hearted (2008) i. xi. 104 The assembly had listened intently, catching its breath with a sharp risp as all outdoor folks will do when they hear of an escapade which strikes their fancy.

1951 Buchan Observer 11 Dec. The risp o' the twine as she hanks the knots ticht.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† rispn.³

Forms: 1500s rispe, 1500s (1800s English regional (East Anglian)) risp.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare Norwegian regional †rispa cluster of seed or flowers, or perhaps compare risp n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

Originally: a bush, branch, or twig, esp. one used to catch birds. In later use (English regional): a stem of a climbing or scrambling plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by habit > [noun] > shrub or bush

shrub972

bosk1297

bushc1315

treec1350

scrub1398

boce1482

shrag1552

virgult?1553

tod1563

risp1567

bush-tuft1586

frutex1664

scrub-tree1749

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xv. f. 193 ^v Away with sprindges, snares, and grinnes, away with Risp and net.

1590 Tarltons Newes out of Purgatorie 3 I see no sooner a rispe at the howse end or a Maipole before the doore, but I cry there is, a paltrie Alehowse.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Also a rispe, a lushe or lime twigge to catch birds.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Risps, the stems of climbing plants generally. The fruit-bearing stems of raspberries.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

rispv.

Brit.

/rɪsp/, U.S.

/rɪsp/, Scottish English

/rɪsp/, Irish English

/rɪsp/

Forms: late Middle English rispe, 1800s– risp (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 1800s– risp, 1800s– resp; Irish English (northern) 1900s– resp, 1900s– risp.

Origin: Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic rispa to scratch, Norwegian rispe to rip, to tear, to slash, to scratch, Swedish rispa to scratch, Danish rispe to scratch, to tear, to plough for the first time), further etymology uncertain, perhaps ultimately < the same Germanic base as Old Swedish rippa and related words cited at rip v.¹It is uncertain whether there is any etymological connection with rasp v.¹ and rasp n.¹, and if there is it is extremely remote; however, it is possible that the two groups of words may have influenced one another within English.

Now Scottish and Irish English (northern).

1. transitive. To rub (two things) together; to rasp or file (something); esp. to grind (one's teeth). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > rub against or grind > rub one thing against another

ruba1350

risp?1440

confricate1638

grind1644

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. 570 (MED) First with hondis hem [sc. dried olives] to gidre rispe [L. colligis]; So let hem take in sonne a welowynge.

1623 in S. Ree Rec. Elgin (1908) II. 181 James Gregour confessit that on Sonday was fyvtein dayis he risped brissell.

1807 R. Tannahill Soldier's Return 154 The rye-craik rispt his clamorous throat.

a1817 W. Muir Poems (1818) 14 Nor in the stable did he risp His teeth.

1892 J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 17 Frae ilka horn [he] risps aff the ‘rings’ To ca' her young.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) v. 123 There was nae noise to be heard, but just the sough of the swalled burns, and Hob, the dour yin, risping his teeth as he gaed.

?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 172 Ebenezer..wes aye sweirin an rispin hiz teith.

2. intransitive. To make a rasping or grating sound.

ΚΠ

1684 [see risping n. at Derivatives].

1774 Gentleman & Lady's Weekly Mag. 8 June 235 The auld door risp'd on its rusty bands.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel Notes 271 Sutor Wat, ye cannot sew your boots; the heels risp, and the seams rive.

1834 A. Smart Rambling Rhymes 110 The craik rins rispin through the corn.

1864 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin iv. 57 Sharpin' his gullies, an' garrin' them risp on the glitterin' steel.

1912 S. R. Crockett Patsy (2008) xi. 98 The burn they were following led them among copses where the legs of the horses risped with a pleasant sound through the lash of leaves.

1997 J. Daugharty Earl in Yellow Shirt 258 We didn't say a word, just watched and listened to the river rushing and the wind risping in the willows.

Derivatives

risping n.

ΚΠ

1684 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 258 Thir files with the oil and aqua-fortis will cut thro' a goad of iron in a short time, without much risping or noise.

1685 G. Sinclair Satans Invisible World Discovered xxxii. 201 He heard a loud risping at her heart, such as risping Irons make upon Wood or Timber.

1922 H. Williamson Lone Swallows 220 The leaf made a faint risping as it spun and shook.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1508

n.²1511

n.³1567

v.?1440

单词	risp
释义	rispn.¹ Brit. /rɪsp/, U.S. /rɪsp/, Scottish English /rɪsp/ Forms: Scottish pre-1700 rispe, pre-1700 rysp, pre-1700 ryspe, 1800s resp, 1800s– risp; English regional (northern) 1800s– risp. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: risp n.², risp n.³ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a spec. use of risp n.² (the blades of grass or their sharp edges being likened to a rasp or file), or perhaps related to risp n.³Compare rasp grass n. at rasp n.¹ Compounds 2, which perhaps shows folk-etymological alteration of risp grass after rasp n.¹ Chiefly Scottish. Now rare. More fully risp grass. Any of various long coarse grasses, sedges, or reeds found on boggy ground. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > names applied to various types of grass windlestrawc1000 shear-grass1483 risp1508 sweet-grass1577 star grass1687 reesk1735 bluegrass1751 cheat1784 spear-grass1784 white top1803 prairie grass1812 elephant grass1832 ryegrass1845 wool-grass1854 snow-grass1865 quick1896 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 185 Amang the grene rispis and the redis Arrivit sche. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. vi. 72 Amang the fauch rispis harsk and star. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xii. 54 Amang the buskis rank of rysp and redis. 1823 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 190 The hay-rope..was made of risp, a sort of long sword-grass that grows about marshes and the sides of lakes. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 350 Carex cæspitosa, Risp. 1844 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 108 A covering of fen-grasses.., ‘rashers’..and ‘risp-grass’ (Arundo phragmites) from the..tracts around. 1892 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words II. 579 Risp-Grass, long rough grass such as grows on marshy land. 1926 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Penny Wheep 25 That 'bune the green risp 'i the fu' mune Cannily blaws. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rispn.² Brit. /rɪsp/, U.S. /rɪsp/ Forms: Scottish pre-1700 risp, pre-1700 rispe, pre-1700 rysp, 1800s– risp, 1900s– resp; Irish English (northern) 1900s– risp. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: risp v. Etymology: < risp v. Compare Old Icelandic rispa slight scratch, Norwegian risp slash, scratch, Swedish rispa scratch, tear. 1. Scottish and Irish English (northern). A carpenter's file; a rasp. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > coarse rape1404 risp1511 rasp1541 rubber1678 rake1727 hack file1868 1511–12 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 272 For ane saw..for the gunnis.., ane lang rispe,..and ane wisp of Lambart steile. 1583 Edinb. Test. XIII. f. 118^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Foure gros of ryspis & fylis..iiij li. 1623 in G. Ornsby Select. from Househ. Bks. Naworth Castle (1878) 207 For 12 spads, 6 loks, 2 hatchits, on rispe. 1638 Edinb. Test. LVIII. f. 331^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The pewderer irone work..rispis with lifting irones to the baik. 1835 D. Webster Orig. Sc. Rhymes 44 His throat's like a risp. 1843 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 52 These balls..are exceedingly globular, although..finished by a large file or risp. 1884 ‘J. Strathesk’ More Bits from Blinkbonny iii. 42 That's liker a ‘risp’ than a razor! a1908 H. C. Hart MS Coll. Ulster Words in M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal (1953) 234/1 Risp, a rasp, file. 2. Scottish. A small serrated bar fixed upright on a house door, with a ring attached, which was forcibly rubbed up and down the bar to attract the attention of those inside. Now historical. ΚΠ 1825 R. Chambers Trad. Edinb. I. 234 This house had a pin or risp at the door, instead of the more modern convenience, a knocker. 1875 J. Grant One of Six Hundred i The little thatched cottages, with rusty antique risps on their doors. 1898 A. Balfour To Arms xvii You will know the house by the risp on the door. 1904 R. O. Masson Edinburgh v. 90 His tiny study, with the old Scottish pin or risp on the door. 1962 H. Mathews Conversions 67 The door had neither bell nor knocker, only a risp, and this stuck. 3. Scottish. A grating or rasping sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping grating1611 raspa1828 risp1827 gride1830 skirrc1870 rashing1889 rasping1889 1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth De Bruce III. 108 At the hour of midnight, a low risp and tirl were heard on our door-pin. 1850 J. Struthers Life in Poet. Wks. I. p. xiv The rusty risp of the Corncraik. 1897 S. R. Crockett Lochinvar l Cutting them through with a pleasant ‘risp’ of sound. 1900 J. Buchan Half-Hearted (2008) i. xi. 104 The assembly had listened intently, catching its breath with a sharp risp as all outdoor folks will do when they hear of an escapade which strikes their fancy. 1951 Buchan Observer 11 Dec. The risp o' the twine as she hanks the knots ticht. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rispn.³ Forms: 1500s rispe, 1500s (1800s English regional (East Anglian)) risp. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare Norwegian regional †rispa cluster of seed or flowers, or perhaps compare risp n.¹ Obsolete. rare. Originally: a bush, branch, or twig, esp. one used to catch birds. In later use (English regional): a stem of a climbing or scrambling plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by habit > [noun] > shrub or bush shrub972 bosk1297 bushc1315 treec1350 scrub1398 boce1482 shrag1552 virgult?1553 tod1563 risp1567 bush-tuft1586 frutex1664 scrub-tree1749 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xv. f. 193 ^v Away with sprindges, snares, and grinnes, away with Risp and net. 1590 Tarltons Newes out of Purgatorie 3 I see no sooner a rispe at the howse end or a Maipole before the doore, but I cry there is, a paltrie Alehowse. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Also a rispe, a lushe or lime twigge to catch birds. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Risps, the stems of climbing plants generally. The fruit-bearing stems of raspberries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2021). rispv. Brit. /rɪsp/, U.S. /rɪsp/, Scottish English /rɪsp/, Irish English /rɪsp/ Forms: late Middle English rispe, 1800s– risp (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 1800s– risp, 1800s– resp; Irish English (northern) 1900s– resp, 1900s– risp. Origin: Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic rispa to scratch, Norwegian rispe to rip, to tear, to slash, to scratch, Swedish rispa to scratch, Danish rispe to scratch, to tear, to plough for the first time), further etymology uncertain, perhaps ultimately < the same Germanic base as Old Swedish rippa and related words cited at rip v.¹It is uncertain whether there is any etymological connection with rasp v.¹ and rasp n.¹, and if there is it is extremely remote; however, it is possible that the two groups of words may have influenced one another within English. Now Scottish and Irish English (northern). 1. transitive. To rub (two things) together; to rasp or file (something); esp. to grind (one's teeth). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > rub against or grind > rub one thing against another ruba1350 risp?1440 confricate1638 grind1644 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. 570 (MED) First with hondis hem [sc. dried olives] to gidre rispe [L. colligis]; So let hem take in sonne a welowynge. 1623 in S. Ree Rec. Elgin (1908) II. 181 James Gregour confessit that on Sonday was fyvtein dayis he risped brissell. 1807 R. Tannahill Soldier's Return 154 The rye-craik rispt his clamorous throat. a1817 W. Muir Poems (1818) 14 Nor in the stable did he risp His teeth. 1892 J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 17 Frae ilka horn [he] risps aff the ‘rings’ To ca' her young. a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) v. 123 There was nae noise to be heard, but just the sough of the swalled burns, and Hob, the dour yin, risping his teeth as he gaed. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 172 Ebenezer..wes aye sweirin an rispin hiz teith. 2. intransitive. To make a rasping or grating sound. ΚΠ 1684 [see risping n. at Derivatives]. 1774 Gentleman & Lady's Weekly Mag. 8 June 235 The auld door risp'd on its rusty bands. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel Notes 271 Sutor Wat, ye cannot sew your boots; the heels risp, and the seams rive. 1834 A. Smart Rambling Rhymes 110 The craik rins rispin through the corn. 1864 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin iv. 57 Sharpin' his gullies, an' garrin' them risp on the glitterin' steel. 1912 S. R. Crockett Patsy (2008) xi. 98 The burn they were following led them among copses where the legs of the horses risped with a pleasant sound through the lash of leaves. 1997 J. Daugharty Earl in Yellow Shirt 258 We didn't say a word, just watched and listened to the river rushing and the wind risping in the willows. Derivatives risping n. ΚΠ 1684 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 258 Thir files with the oil and aqua-fortis will cut thro' a goad of iron in a short time, without much risping or noise. 1685 G. Sinclair Satans Invisible World Discovered xxxii. 201 He heard a loud risping at her heart, such as risping Irons make upon Wood or Timber. 1922 H. Williamson Lone Swallows 220 The leaf made a faint risping as it spun and shook. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1508n.²1511n.³1567v.?1440
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rispn.1

rispn.2

† rispn.3

rispv.

Derivatives

rispn.¹

rispn.²

† rispn.³