| 释义 |
robbern. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French robbeur. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rober, robbeur, robor, robbeour, robbour, robboure, robbur, roubbur, Anglo-Norman and Old French robbere, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French robeour, robeur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French robour, Old French robere, reubere, roubere thief (2nd half of the 12th cent.; French †robeur ) < Anglo-Norman and Old French rober , robber , rouber , reuber rob v. + Anglo-Norman -ur , Anglo-Norman and Old French -ere , -eor , suffix forming agent nouns (see -our suffix; compare -er suffix2 3). Compare post-classical Latin robator , roberator (from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources), robiator (late 13th cent. in a British source), Old Occitan raubador , Catalan robador (13th cent.), Spanish robador (1220–50), Portuguese roubador (13th cent.), Italian rubatore (1308). Compare rob v., robbery n.The α. forms ultimately reflect Old French forms of the agent noun in -ere ( < Latin nominatives in -ātor : see -er suffix2 3), while the β. forms reflect Old French forms in -eor ( < Latin oblique forms in -ātōrem , etc.: see -our suffix). 1. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] α. c1175 Note (Corpus Cambr. 302) in N. R. Ker (1957) 97 Robberas & Reafer[as], þeofas & falsa mynetera[s], Wicche & wanpestras þe fordoþ men & ma[n]na bigleofa. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 29 (MED) Rubberes and þa reueres and þa þeoues and þa morðslaȝa..habbeð an þonc fulneh. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 248 Þeos twa vnþeawes beoð to grimme robberes [c1230 Corpus Cambr. adds ieuenet, a1250 Nero two grimme robares]. c1275 Lutel Soth Serm. (Calig.) l. 27 in R. Morris (1872) 186 (MED) Alle bac-biteres wendet to helle; Robberes and reueres..þider sculen wende. 1340 (1866) 39 (MED) Robberes and kueade herberȝeres..berobbeþ þe pilgrimes and þe marchons. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xlviii. 8 The robbere shal come to eche cheef cite, and no cheef cyte shal be saued. a1400 (a1325) (Fairf. 14) 25782 (MED) If þou robber has bene strange, þink on þe theuis be crist þat hange. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. l. 182 Þus..Ihesu cryst seyde, To robberes and to reueres. 1535 Psalms xxxiv. 10 Who is like vnto the? which delyuerest..the poore and the nedy from his robbers. 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 35 Then theeues and robbers range abroad vnseene. View more context for this quotation 1624 T. Heywood iv. 173 Certaine forragers and robbers that made sundry incursions into the countrie. 1671 J. Milton 1188 Thou..like a Robber stripdst them of thir robes. View more context for this quotation 1727 J. Gay I. i. 5 Robbers invade their neighbour's right. 1794 A. Radcliffe III. iii. 48 Montoni was become a captain of robbers. 1839 C. Dickens iv. 23 Where desperate robbers congregate. 1878 W. Stubbs (ed. 2) III. xviii. 243 There is more spirit and a better heart in a robber than in a thief. 1927 F. M. Thrasher i. i. 14 A powerful gang of robbers, bootleggers, and beer-runners. 1978 11 Jan. 8/1 At the same time the bank..gets robbed and the robber got away on foot. 2000 M. Barrowcliffe xvii. 427 So that's where he was, in with the armed robbers, drug dealers, burglars, bootboys and con men. 1465 M. Paston in (2004) I. 330 Slyford was the chyff robbere of the cherch. 1526 Acts xix. 37 Nether robbers off churches, nor yett despisers of youre goddes. 1557 R. Edgeworth 289 He putteth example of disers, and gameners, and robbers of dead mens graues. 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave (new ed.) A robber of the Princes, and publicke treasure, peculateur. 1685 S. Wesley 88 The Great Grecian Robber of his Household was Careless. 1744 W. Ellis Mar. v. 38 All the Oat Tribe are great Peelers or Robbers of the Goodness of the Earth. 1796 W. Gilbert i. 21 All the hopes attending various man Were robbers of his rest. 1832 J. P. Kennedy II. x. 138 He hasn't the dignity of a large thief: he is a..robber of hen-roosts; a pocketer of tea-spoons! 1866 11 Sept. 9/6 The robbers of timid women and drunken men. 1937 H. Miles tr. A. Maurois ii. viii. 109 Where is that usurer, that simoniac, robber of revenues and insatiate of money? 1964 G. Friel vi. 72 The school was full of..petty thieves..milk-round embezzlers, robbers of weans sent on a shopping errand. 1997 A. O'Hear (1999) iii. 36 Johnny..does not..believe that the robber of the High Street bank is an honest man. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > bee that robs hives 1622 G. de Malynes i. xlv. 232 In October beginne to looke whether robbers have spoiled any or not; if it be so that they have, take away your Bees as in Hony time. 1725 R. Bradley at Bee To preserve Bees from Robbers, which very commonly infest them,..the way is to cloom the Hives very close. 1817 W. Kirby & W. Spence II. xx. 207 Bees that are ill managed..will now and then get a habit of pillaging from their more industrious neighbours: these are called by Schirach corsair bees, and by English writers, robbers. 1886 T. W. Cowan (ed. 8) xxxii. 142 If robbers are found actively at work, close the entrance so that only one bee at a time can enter. 1925 Feb. 264/2 The robbers were traced to their hive, and a brimstone pot ended their criminal career. 1992 H. R. C. Riches 27 (caption) Note the unwanted gap between the brood chambers which will allow robbers to enter. 3. 1670 (Royal Soc.) 5 1197 Therefore they term it a Robber, as a substance which spoyls, and takes away the richness of the Ore. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops 1777 Oct. 325 A hay crop, even where it consists..of ray grass, is not a robber, provided it be cut before the seed is formed. 1905 S. T. Maynard xvi. 175 Many brush pastures, by a little thinning out of ‘robber’ plants, treated in the above manner, may be made a source of considerable income. 1910 21 Oct. 532/1 It is becoming common to term the farmer, and especially those who are farming in a large way ‘soil robbers’. 1995 N. Hudson (ed. 3) xi. 262 In the 1970s it was topical to classify crops as soil-depleting and soil-conserving , and to speak of soil robbers or soil builders. Phrases (Harl. 221) 435 Robbowre, on the see, pirata, vispilio. (Harl. 221) 437 Robare, or robbar yn the see, pirata. c1450 (1904) I. 231 (MED) A maister of a ship þat hight Dironides..was a grete robber be þe se. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. (1882–7) xlviii. 160 They were robbers of the see. a1625 J. Boys (1631) 175 A Pirat told Alexander the great, I am called a robber on the Sea, because I sayle in a little boate. 1674 1 Amongst all the rapacious violencies practised by wicked Men, there is scarce any more destructive to Society and Commerce then that of Piracy, or Robers of the Sea. 1730 W. P. tr. P. Ribadeneira (ed. 2) II. 268/1 Two thousand four hundred Crowns..to repair the Damages this Robber of the Sea, had done them. 1840 W. G. Simms x. 100 The coast of Carolina was at length cleared of those robbers of the sea. 1918 H. G. Selfridge vi. 99 The robber of the sea, the pirate, looked upon every one as his enemy and every one's cargo of goods as his. 2000 W. M. Carpenter in W. M. Carpenter & D. G. Wiencek xxiii. 269 Ships..carry highly valuable and resalable cargo, making them attractive targets for the modern-day ‘robbers of the sea’. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) With the sense ‘of or relating to robbers’. 1849 E. Robinson III. iv. 90 She heard or witnessed the ravages inflicted by Franquet d' Arras and his robber companies. 1899 Jan. 11 Robber-companies, and bishops in coats of mail. 1992 A. Fraser (1995) vi. 177 Large tracts of [Germany]..were overrun with robber companies of mixed and varying origins. 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens 346 Soon shall our powers the robber-crew destroy. 1848 H. F. Read 11 Seize him, guards! Him and his robber crew! 2005 R. Jackall iii. 80 Smokey acted as a ringleader in organizing robber crews to go to Manhattan. 1850 E. B. Browning Calls on Heart in (new ed.) II. 338 The world..Has counted its robber-gold. 1953 23 July 19/1 There isn't any room left for imaginative explorations..the kind of thing in which you search the sand hills for robber gold. 1991 33 497 He is enriched by a fantastic hoard of robber gold. 1808 M. Rolleston 4 Illustrious Fane! from age to age ador'd By despot chieftain, and by robber horde. 1918 May 35/1 Robber hordes swooped down the cliffs Like eagles on their prey. 1993 W. Smith (1995) 253 Their swords were already bared and they fell upon the rear of the robber horde. 1810 W. Scott v. 198 But then, thy Chieftain's robber life!—Winning mean prey by causeless strife. 1860 E. B. Pusey 243 Probably..Edom..continued his robber-life along the Southern borders of Judah. 2006 D. Hill in N. Martin 117 An element of selfless humanity that was always part of his robber life. 1856 R. A. Vaughan I. vi. i. 184 At every turn have we to wrangle..with these vultures about their robber-toll. 1906 B. H. Meyer in H. J. Rogers VII. 248 These decorative persons are promised financial rewards, abstracted as robber-tolls from the premium payments of more honest policy-holders. 1808 (Afr. Inst.) 104 The robber tribe of the Tartar nation. 1913 M. M. Kirkman xiii. 147 Some of the robber tribes numbered thousands of fighting men. 2000 28 18 Parakalan..belonged to the warrior tribe of Kalvars who were later dubbed as a robber tribe. 1825 C. H. Phipps III. viii. 100 The chances of robber-war are attended with the same hazard, as those of more regular campaigns. 2008 D. Leon iii. 22 The war, though there's always more than one, is really many mini wars or robber wars or robber raids. (b) Designating a place frequented by robbers. 1829 S. Hinds 323 He..might have come forth from his robber haunts to listen to his lessons of salvation. 1937 J. W. Day 91 The magpies will go off to their robber-haunts in lonely carrs of willows down on the marshes. 2002 W. V. Spengen in L. Epstein 15 A notorious robber haunt. 1831 10 Dec. 800/3 The robber hold of the German baron. 1876 J. R. Green (1892) 319 The countless robber-holds of the Angevin noblesse. 1908 M. J. Cawein I. 331 A cave For bandits, and a robber-hold Of lust. 1880 E. F. Knight vii. 99 Stories I had read in Christmas Annuals of robber inns..flashed across my brain. 1924 F. Ossendowski & L. S. Palen vii. 71 I helped my host to make this tarantula wine for which the robber inns paid so well. 1855 E. Lee vi. 131 A wretched-looking venta..was in bygone times a noted robber lair. 1927 28 Dec. 2/3 An airplane equipped with machine guns to lead posses in an attack on a robber lair. 1997 D. L. Rolston tr. C. Yuanfang in v. 137 This book was originally written as an account..of the various members of the robber lairs. b. Objective. 1832 W. H. Maxwell I. xx. 222 We shall exchange deer-shooting for robber-hunting. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ II. xxvii. 291 I had no great natural inclination to the trade of robber-hunting. 1926 M. Rostovtzeff xi. 437 All the documents referring to robber-hunting which Wilcken collects in his Chrestomathy belong to the third or fourth century. c. Appositive. See also robber baron n.1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens 319 In that hoar fire, of mien serene, august, Lusus behold, no robber-chief unjust. 1816 Ld. Byron xlviii. 27 In proud state Each robber chief upheld his armed halls. 1909 Apr. 545 The robber-chiefs..now divided among them the spoils of empire. 2006 (Nexis) 13 May (Books Suppl.) 3 As a young man he rode alone into a Sikh village to arrest a robber chief. 1800 J. Cottle vii. 147 In our strength We dared him [sc. Rollo], and the robber Chieftain fled To ravage weaker climes. 1927 F. M. Thrasher iv. xx. 430 The robber chieftains..work their wills and cow the timorous populace. 2003 (Nexis) 11 July 21 National treasures should be owned by the nation and not the relatives of long-ago robber chieftains. 1797 38 Arm'd Justice forth the robber-demons drove. 1896 H. O. Taylor I. iii. 61 Indra..vanquishes the robber demons. 1981 J. B. Russell iii. 76 As material spirits..the robber demons use our own material attachments against us. 1891 J. C. Atkinson 144 As soon as the robber fowl had begun its steady flight. 1842 J. Pardoe I. vi. 202 Bertsény..slept as soundly on his rude pallet, surrounded by his robber guard, as he had ever done at his favourite Brunotz. 1869 H. F. Tozer II. 164 Mr. Curzon describes his robber-guard. 1996 S. MacAlister i. 51 Anthia,..after killing her robber guard in defence of her chastity, considers her alternatives. 1809 M. Hodson xxxvii. 30 Where is yon robber King ? 1865 J. Ruskin i. 112 The Rust-kings..lay up treasures for the rust; and the Robber-kings, treasures for the robber. 1998 57 104 Eating nine hearts would have made the robber king invincible. 1815 R. Gilmour v. 144 When my eyes did first survey On this pretended robber knight. 1871 E. A. Freeman IV. xviii. 201 William Peverel reared his castle of Peak Forest, the true vulture's nest of a robber-knight. 1998 R. Koshar i. 55 An unbearable robber knight who terrorized the surrounding lands. 1652 No. 105. 1654 Some prisoners that they brought along with them from that Robber Prince Rupert. 1883 Feb. 615/1 Of all the triumphs of invention none are more wonderful than those by which the hard-earned gains of millions are forcibly conveyed to the vaults of the robber-princes. 1957 R. Levy (2000) vii. 306 There were times during the troubled period preceding the arrival of the Buwayhid robber-princes..when whole provinces of the Caliphate had fallen away and revenues were scanty 1843 I. 645/2 The Circassians..have always been the same hardy, reckless, daring robber warriors that we find them at this hour. 1915 2 282 The robber-warriors and the property-owning class who subjugate and despoil the weak and poor. 1994 (Nexis) 14 May Once fierce robber warriors themselves, Kalash ruled much of southern Chitral and several nearby valleys. C2. a. In the names of animals. 1829 4 358 They can defend themselves from corsair or robber bees, with much greater ease. 1886 T. W. Cowan (ed. 8) xxxii. 142 Such colonies..the bee-keeper will take care to protect against robber-bees. 1965 J. D. Carthy vi. 81 Robber bees, however, fight back and the two bees buzz round on their sides as they try to sting each other. 1998 80 249/2 The beekeeper had seen robber bees going in and out of the hives and assumed he still had live bees. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of genus Birgus of Paguridae 1815 (ed. 9) 65 Robber-crab, hermit-crabs, long-armed or rugose galatea. 1864–5 J. G. Wood (1868) 90 There is a very remarkable burrowing crustacean, called the Robber-Crab (Birgus latro). a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) I. xvii. 459 The robber-crab climbs the coco-palms, but it has to go back to the shore to breed. 2004 Feb. 14/2 This impacts habitat for other wildlife, including robber and blue crabs, ground-dwelling skinks, and emerald doves. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Brachycera > family Asilidae > member of (hawk, hornet, or robber-fly) 1869 A. S. Packard 395 These large, stout, Robber-flies, as the Germans style them, are covered with stiff hairs. 1899 D. Sharp in VI. 491 Asilidae (Robber-flies)... The Asilidae is one of the largest families of flies. 1970 22 June Another [family] comprising the predatory robber-flies. 2008 15 Nov. 77/1 Robber flies can grow to more than 2 centimetres long and are quite fearsome in appearance. 1851 H. Medlock tr. F. Schoedler II. 505 The sea-swallow.., the glaucous gull.., the herring-gull.., the mew-gull.., and the robber-gull (Lestris), are the principal birds of this sub-order. 1946 J. W. Day vi. 86 The big robber gull dropped like a sack of wheat, without a kick, at seventy yards. 2007 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 24 Two larger types of gulls are the ‘jaeger’ and the ‘skua’ which are both also known as ‘robber gulls’ for their harassing smaller birds in flight into dropping food. b. 1852 11 Sept. 173/2 That robber-book which..exercised so powerful an influence over his imagination. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ ii. 26 The rest [of the oath] was out of pirate books, and robber books. 1904 H. Evans tr. ‘Multatuli’ xvi. 128 Is there more than one robber book? Just call over the names of them for me. 1990 A. Fabian ii. 84 Just the kind of ‘robber book’ that inspired Tom Sawyer's wild schemes. society > faith > church government > council > historical councils > Ephesus > [noun] 1853 L. Darwall 58 Which condemnation [of Eutyches] was annulled by the Pseudo-Council of Ephesus, called the Latrocinium, or Robber-Council. 1865 E. B. Pusey 90 Before the robber-Council of Ephesus could be displaced by the Fourth General Council at Chalcedon. 1996 J. A. S. Evans (2000) i. 74 Dioscorus himself went into exile, though not for heresy but for strong-arm tactics at the ‘Robber Council’. society > faith > church government > council > historical councils > Ephesus > [noun] 1830 III. 50/1 Marcian..held the fourth general council, for the purpose of destroying the ascendency of the Monophysite doctrines..at the (so called) robber-synod at Ephesus. 1862 J. W. Draper (1864) I. ix. 287 Eutyches appealed to the emperor, who summoned..a council to meet at Ephesus. This was the celebrated ‘Robber Synod’. 2002 D. Rohrbacher xi. 133 Theodoret wrote to Pope Leo to vindicate his orthodoxy after the Robber Synod. the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > archaeological expedition or excavation > trench 1932 24 Sept. 8/5 A hoard of some 50 coins found in the robber trench of the wall suggests that this tower was demolished towards the end of the third century. 1969 1 214 If foundations have been robbed.., the only method of tracing the plan of the building is by excavating the robber-trenches. 2001 65 355 The walls were defined in plan by very shallow and indistinct robber trenches. Derivatives 1865 C. Kingsley Hereward xxxiv, in Oct. 713/1 Latrunculi (robberlets), sicarii, cut-throats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1175 |
