| 释义 |
rix-dollarn. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch; partly modelled on a German lexical item, and partly modelled on a Swedish lexical item. Etymons: Dutch rycksdaeler, rijcxdaelder, rijcksdaelder. Etymology: < Dutch †rycksdaeler (1560), †rijcxdaelder (1586), †rijcksdaelder (1596), †rijcksdaler (1599), †rijcxdaler (1603), †rycxdaelder (1606), †rijckxdaeller (1612), †rixdaelder (1665), etc. (now rijksdaalder ), denoting any of various silver coins and units of account used in various European countries, as well as in various former Dutch colonies, between the late 16th and mid 19th centuries (see note below) < rijks- , †rijcks- , combining form of rijk , †rijck realm (see riche n.) + daalder , †daelder , †daeler , †daler dollar n., probably after early modern German †reichsthaler Reichsthaler n. (although the latter is apparently not attested until later). In β. forms after German Reichstaler, †Reichsthaler Reichsthaler n. In instances where the word denotes a similar Swedish coin (e.g. quots. 1782, 1900 at sense 1γ. ), either directly or indirectly after Swedish riksdaler (1593; 1577 as †rückzdaler; also †richs daller (1610), †rijkzdaler (1626), †rikzdaller (1629), etc.). Compare also Middle Low German rīkesdāler, rīksdāler, rīxdāler, Danish rigsdaler (1609; also †rigsdaller (1610)).The Dutch word originally denoted a silver coin current in the Holy Roman Empire (1560). The name was subsequently extended to a similar silver coin struck in the Netherlands (1586 as Rijcx Daelder ), which also circulated widely in the former Dutch overseas colonies, as well as to similar silver coins struck in other European countries, e.g. Denmark (1626) and Sweden; several of these coins were widely used in trade with countries outside Western Europe, e.g. the Ottoman Empire and other Levantine and eastern countries (compare quots. 1712 at sense 1β. , 1658 at sense 1γ. , and compare also Maria Theresa n.) and Muscovite Russia. In the 19th cent. the word came to denote the Dutch two-and-a-half-guilder coin (1847); this sense is the usual one in 20th- and early 21st-cent. Dutch. The Swedish word has a similar range of meanings, again originally denoting a silver coin of the Holy Roman Empire (1577), subsequently similar Dutch (1581) and Swedish (1582) silver coins (the Swedish coin having originally been struck for use in foreign trade), and occasionally (in extended use) coins of non-Western European countries. The δ. forms perhaps partly result from reanalysis of the first element. Now historical. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > European silver coins α. 1589 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay (1927) V. 9 Restand awand..[340] rex dollouris. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. vi. 17/1 Each pardauwe, accounted as much as a Reekes Doller [Du. Rijcks daelder], Flemish money. 1640 2 For fornishing thairof, ordaines to be given xx rex dollares. 1654 E. Nicholas (1892) II. 76 The King..has givin him in landis to the valew of 100,000 Rex dolers. 1690 (1893) 234 Thrie rex dollares. 1701 Act Preventing Profanation Lord's Day in (1727) 54 Victualling-houses may furnish Victuals and so much Drink as shall be necessary thereto betwixt Sermons..only to Strangers or such as have not Houses of their own in the Place, under the Penalty of Half a Rex Dollar. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > coins of India and Far East > specific Southeast Asia 1644 Court Rec. 13 Apr. in J. H. Trumbull (1850) I. 86 Reix Dollers shall passe betwixt man & man att fiue shillings a peece. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer 6 The Surgeons 28 Gilders, and Diet, and on Shoar 3 Ricksdollers [Ger. Reichs-Thaler; Du. Rÿcksdalers]. 1770 J. Banks 10 Oct. (1962) II. 185 We agreed..the Rates we should pay for living as follows: Each person for Lodging and Eating two Rix dollars or 8s pr Diem. 1801 M. Walsh 193 Batavia. Accounts are kept in Rix Dollars and Stivers. 1840 B. F. Foster (ed. 2) 121 (table) Batavia, rix dollar,..[Cents] 75..Brazil, guilder,..40. 2006 P. Hulsman tr. E. M. Jacobs 267 A remarkably high purchase price of 20 5/6 rix dollars per pikol of 125 pounds..was offered as an incentive to persuade the indigenous chiefs [of Java] to take up coffee growing. 3. spec. in cases where the currency introduced by the Dutch East India Company was maintained in use for a period by the British government after a territory passed into British possession. society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific South African 1711 C. Lockyer x. 303 Tea is commonly Sold at the Cape for 1 Rix Dollar per l. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman I. 19 Board and lodging are paid for here as at the Cape, from one rix-dollar to one and a half a day. 1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant I. ii. 21 While I was there [i.e. at Capetown] butchers meat was very cheap; I have seen thirteen pounds of mutton bought for an escalin; (eleven~pence English) an ox for 12 or 15 rix dollars; (at six shilings and nine-pence English, the rix dollar) ten quarters of corn for 14 or 15 Rix-dollars, and other things in proportion. 1827 G. Thompson i. iv. 44 He provides a salary of 400 rix-dollars to encourage a day-school for females. 1832 20 July 115 Rixdollar Notes shall be gradually withdrawn from circulation, and be replaced by Promissory Notes, the value of which shall be expressed in pounds sterling. 1866 J. Leyland iii. 233 The charge for crossing in the barge was fifteen shillings, or ten rix dollars. 1936 VIII. 237 The rix-dollar..had depreciated rapidly..when..the British Government proposed to make British silver current throughout the Empire. 1957 L. G. Green 60 He found that after half a century of British rule the country people still spoke of gulden, skellings, rix dollars and stuiwers, though the money they handled consisted of pounds, shillings and pence. 1993 A. Brink i. 204 Paid the 32 rix dollars and 3 shillings demanded by that unscrupulous scélérat. society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other spec. 1803 R. Percival 117 The current coin here, as well as in the rest of the Europeans dominions on the island, consisted on the arrival of the English, of rix-dollars... Four pice or two dudies went to a fanam, and seven fanams to a rix-dollar. 1836 VI. 453/2 In the district of Putlam they were faced boldly in the open forest, and ensnared singly, for a reward varying according to the size and description of animal, from 11 to 352 rix-dollars. 1908 S. Pieters tr. 121 There is in the books a charge of 1,553 rix-dollars..against the boatswains Dola Gangena and Zojarapa of Bimelipatam. 1962 R. A. G. Carson 533 The silver rix-dollar of George IV in 1821, the first British regal coinage struck for Ceylon. 1988 K. M. de Silva & H. Wriggins i. 26 He retained his titular rank of Mudaliyar and obtained, too, a handsome pension of 200 rix dollars a month. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1589 |
