Richardsonn.1
/ˈrɪtʃəds(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈrɪtʃərds(ə)n/ Used attributive and in the genitive in the names of birds and mammals first collected by Richardson or named in his honour.
1. Richardson's grouse n. (also Richardson grouse) U.S. the blue or dusky grouse, Dendragapus obscurus, of boreal forests in western North America; spec. one of the subspecies D. o. richardsonii, found in the southern Rockies.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > dendrogapus canadensis (spruce grouse)
spruce partridgea1771
wood-grouse1776
Richardson's grouse1831
spruce grouse1842
swamp partridge1874
1831 J. Wilson Illustr. of Zool. 189 Richardson's Grouse.—Tetrao Richardsonii. Sabine... The new species..was found by Mr David Douglas... The appellation bestowed upon them was conferred by Mr Sabine, in remembrance of a distinguished traveller.
1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 400 Tetrao Obscurus var. Richardsoni..Richardson's, or Black-tailed Grouse.
1921 A. A. Saunders Distributional List Birds Montana 9 The mountain region is characterized by a large number of Rocky Mountain species such as the Richardson Grouse..and Mountain Chickadee.
2004 F. C. Zwickel & J. F. Bendell Blue Grouse iv. 19/2 At the subspecific level other variations occur, e.g., Richardson's grouse..and Sierra grouse.
2. Richardson's jaeger n. chiefly North American (now historical) the Arctic skua or parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (formerly known as Lestris richardsonii); esp. (formerly) one of the dark brown phase; cf. sense 3.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > genus Stercorarius (skuas or jaegers) > stercorarius parasiticus
allana1612
boatswain1785
gull-teaser1802
Richardson's jaeger1831
Richardson's skua1834
jäger1838
bosun1874
marlinspike1884
1831 R. Jameson Wilson & Bonaparte's Amer. Ornithol. (rev. ed.) IV. 354 Richardson's jager, whole plumage, brown.
1880 Trans. Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Soc. 3 99 The name Richardson's Jager, or Richardson's Skua, therefore, properly belongs to the dark form only.
1900 20th Ann. Rep. Park Commissioners Lynn, Mass. 48 (table) Lestris richardsonii. Richardson's Jager.
1993 T. H. Levere Sci. & Canad. Arctic iii. 133 One that did slip through the net was lestris richardsonii, Richardson's jaeger, which so appears in the Fauna, but which is in fact a dark-phase parasitic jaeger.
3. Richardson's skua n. the Arctic skua or parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (formerly known as Lestris richardsonii); cf. sense 2.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > genus Stercorarius (skuas or jaegers) > stercorarius parasiticus
allana1612
boatswain1785
gull-teaser1802
Richardson's jaeger1831
Richardson's skua1834
jäger1838
bosun1874
marlinspike1884
1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands II. 346 Richardson's Skua. ((estris Richardsonii.) This species is by no means rare as a British bird.
1897 R. B. Sharpe in A. H. Miles Conc. Knowl. Nat. Hist. 264 Richardson's skua..nests in the Orkneys and Shetland Isles, as well as in some of the Hebrides and on the north-west of Scotland.
1963 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles XII. 16 Richardson's (or the Arctic) skua possesses two perfectly distinct colour phases—a dark and a light.
2005 T. Soper Arctic (ed. 2) 53 (heading) Parasitic skua, parasitic jaeger, Richardson's skua.
4. Richardson's ground squirrel n. (also †Richardson's squirrel, Richardson ground squirrel) the ground squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii, found on the plains of central North America; cf. picket-pin n. 2.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Spermophilus (spermophile) > species richardsoni (Richardson's squirrel)
ground-squirrel1726
prairie squirrel1808
Richardson's ground squirrel1839
picket-pin1901
1839 J. K. Townsend Narr. Journey across Rocky Mountains 313 (appendix) Richardson's Squirrel, Sciurus Richardsonii, (Bachman.).
1866 J. K. Lord Naturalist in Vancouver Island & Brit. Columbia II. vi. 131 Betwixt the Fall river and the Spokan, inhabiting the sandy and woodless plains, Richardson's Ground Squirrel (S. Richardsonii, Cuv.) is alone found.
1940 E. T. Seton Trail of Artist-naturalist 189 The Richardson or yellow ground squirrel..nests in colonies like those of the prairie dog.
2005 P. A. Johnsgard Prairie Dog Empire 84 The Richardson's ground squirrel's range does not extend as far south as that of the black-tailed prairie dog.
5. Richardson's owl n. North American the boreal or Tengmalm's owl, Aegolius funereus; spec. one of the North American subspecies A. f. richardsoni.
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the world > animals > birds > order Strigiformes or owl > [noun] > family Strigidae > genus Aegolius
Richardson's owl1856
1856 J. Cassin Illustr. N. Amer. Birds 185 Richardson's Owl... The largest of this genus.
1896 R. Ridgway Man. N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 260 Northern North America; south, in winter, to northern border of United States..Richardson's Owl.
1947 R. T. Peterson Field Guide Birds East of Rockies (ed. 2) 137 The facial discs of Richardson's Owl are framed with black.
1997 J. Henricksson Wild Neighborhood iv. 53 Recently we learned that there is another owl here... It is the boreal, or Richardson's, owl (Aegolius funereus).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
Richardsonn.2
/ˈrɪtʃəds(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈrɪtʃərds(ə)n/ Science.
1. Richardson criterion n. (also Richardson's criterion) a criterion for determining whether flow in a stratified fluid will be turbulent or laminar, dependent on the value of the Richardson number.
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > specific numbers > criterion dependent on
Richardson criterion1929
1929 Q. Jrnl. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 55 141 The vector ∂V/ ∂h..is squared on the left hand side of Richardson's criterion.
1974 J. P. Zahn in P. Ledoux et al. Stellar Instability & Evol. vi. 192 Transposed to a rotating fluid, the Richardson criterion for stability becomes [etc.].
1999 D. R. Fitzjarrald Observ. Surface-to-Atmosphere Interactions v. 178 At nightfall over land, the surface becomes cooler than the air. Richardson's criterion indicates that, near the surface, turbulent energy is removed from the flow.
2. Richardson number n. (also Richardson's number) a dimensionless number used in determining the stability of flow in a stratified fluid, approximated as the ratio of the fluid density gradient to the square of the velocity gradient.A higher Richardson number corresponds to less turbulence or mixing.
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > specific numbers
Richardson number1939
Schmidt number1946
Ekman number1967
1939 Nature 14 Oct. 652/1 Lettau makes considerable use of the Richardson criterion, or the Richardson number.
1979 B. R. Allanson Lake Sibaya iv. 62 The relation between the work of the wind which promotes turbulence..and the density differential which..which suppresses it is given by Richardson's number.
2004 J. C. Winterwerp & W. G. M. van Kesteren Introd. Physics Cohesive Sediment in Marine Environment vi. 183 A collapse of turbulence occurs when the flux Richardson number..attains critical values between 0.05 to 0.3.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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