Richardn.

Brit.

/ˈrɪtʃəd/, U.S.

/ˈrɪtʃərd/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Richard.

Etymology: < the male forename Richard.In sense 1 after Middle French richard, richart, ricart (also pomme de richard ; 14th cent.), of uncertain origin; perhaps < richard rich person (15th cent.; < riche rich adj. + -ard -ard suffix) rather than the personal name. Compare earlier richardine n. and discussion at that entry. In sense 2 after dick n.⁴, punningly after Dick as pet form of the forename Richard (see dick n.¹). In sense 3 shortened < Richard the Third , rhyming slang for bird n. 13. Richard is first attested in an English context in the first half of the 11th cent. with reference to the two dukes of Normandy bearing this name. Attested as a personal name in England from the second half of the 11th cent. onwards in several forms (e.g. Old English and Middle English Ricard, Middle English Richard, Rychard), at first probably only borne by persons of Norman or French descent. Its popularity increased rapidly during the Middle English period, and from the 14th cent. to the 18th cent. it was one of the most frequently chosen forenames for boys.

†1. A variety of apple; probably a cider apple. In early use as a postmodifier. Cf. richardine n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pome-paradise1601

French pippin1629

gillyflower1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

calville1691

passe-pomme1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

Sturmer Pippin1831

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Macoun1924

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

pippin?1435

pomewater?1435

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

sweeting1530

pomeroyal1534

renneta1568

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

russeting1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

reinette1582

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pomeroy1600

short-start1600

jenneting1601

pome-paradise1601

russet coat1602

John apple1604

honey apple1611

honeymeal1611

musk apple1611

short-shank1611

spice apple1611

French pippin1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

renneting1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

reinetting1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

white-wining1676

russet1686

calville1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

musk1708

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

wine apple1802

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

wine-sap1826

Jonathan1831

Sturmer Pippin1831

rusty-coat1843

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Cornish gilliflowerc1850

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

nutmeg pippin1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Melba apple1928

Melba1933

Mutsu1951

Newtown1953

discovery1964

1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 56 Ye shall graffe them on a latewarde fruit, as pome Richard.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Ritsart-boom, apple Richard.

1670 J. Evelyn Pomona 65 The Arier-Apple, a constant bearer, making a strong and lasting Cider; some them Richards, some Grang-apples.

1707 J. Pechey Compl. Herbal (ed. 2) 7/2 The Apples that are best for making Cyder... Arrier-Apple, Richards or Grange-Apple, Coling Apple, [etc.].

2. U.S. slang. Also with lower-case initial. A detective; a private eye. Cf. dick n.⁴ Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > investigation of crime > [noun] > detective

plant1812

plain clothes1822

detective1850

plainclothesman1856

mouser1863

D.1869

sleuth1872

tec1879

dee1882

demon1889

sleuth-hound1890

split1891

fink1903

hawkshaw1903

busy1904

dick1905

gumshoe1913

Richard1914

shamus1925

cozzer1950

Five-O1983

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > a pursuer or detective

thief-taker1535

beagle1559

thief-catcher1732

bloodhound1818

sleuth-hound1856

Richard1914

prodnose1965

1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 70 Richard, noun. General currency. A detective.

1924 N.Y. Times 3 Aug. viii. 16/1 It's an even break now between the Richard and the gun: the coppers are all wised up.

1964 H. Kane Snatch an Eye xxiv. 147 The richard tails his own client... If the private detective shows up, it means that the client did not shake him.

1974 ‘E. McGirr’ Murderous Journey 12 A surprisingly high proportion of well-to-do murderers hire private richards to delve into the demise of the victim.

3. British slang. Also with lower-case initial. A young woman.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > woman > [noun]

wifeeOE

womaneOE

womanOE

queanOE

brideOE

viragoc1000

to wifeOE

burdc1225

ladyc1225

carlinec1375

stotc1386

marec1387

pigsneyc1390

fellowa1393

piecec1400

femalea1425

goddessa1450

fairc1450

womankindc1450

fellowessa1500

femininea1513

tega1529

sister?1532

minikinc1540

wyec1540

placket1547

pig's eye1553

hen?1555

ware1558

pussy?a1560

jade1560

feme1566

gentlewoman1567

mort1567

pinnacea1568

jug1569

rowen1575

tarleather1575

mumps1576

skirt1578

piga1586

rib?1590

puppy1592

smock1592

maness1594

sloy1596

Madonna1602

moll1604

periwinkle1604

Partlet1607

rib of man1609

womanship?1609

modicum1611

Gypsy1612

petticoata1616

runniona1616

birda1627

lucky1629

she-man1640

her1646

lost rib1647

uptails1671

cow1696

tittup1696

cummer17..

wife1702

she-woman1703

person1704

molly1706

fusby1707

goody1708

riding hood1718

birdie1720

faggot1722

piece of goods1727

woman body1771

she-male1776

biddy1785

bitch1785

covess1789

gin1790

pintail1792

buer1807

femme1814

bibi1816

Judy1819

a bit (also bundle) of muslin1823

wifie1823

craft1829

shickster?1834

heifer1835

mot1837

tit1837

Sitt1838

strap1842

hay-bag1851

bint1855

popsy1855

tart1864

woman's woman1868

to deliver the goods1870

chapess1871

Dona1874

girl1878

ladykind1878

mivvy1881

dudess1883

dudette1883

dudine1883

tid1888

totty1890

tootsy1895

floozy1899

dame1902

jane1906

Tom1906

frail1908

bit of stuff1909

quim1909

babe1911

broad1914

muff1914

manhole1916

number1919

rossie1922

bit1923

man's woman1928

scupper1935

split1935

rye mort1936

totsy1938

leg1939

skinny1941

Richard1950

potato1957

scow1960

wimmin1975

womyn1975

womxn1991

1950 P. Tempest Lag's Lexicon 180 Richard. A girl. The girl friend.

1960 ‘A. Burgess’ Doctor is Sick xiv. 107 Judged by some of vem glamorous richards on ve telly.

1964 Listener 31 Dec. 1053/1 What Richard's gonna look at them in them 'airy outfits and them big boots.

1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 232 I was just sleeping at this Richard's place during the day... I didn't know she was brassing.

1997 G. Oldman Nil by Mouth 26 Used to turn to all the pages with the Richards modelling the bras and knickers.

Phrases

Richard's himself again and variants: used to indicate that a person has returned to normal after an illness or similar episode. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1700 C. Cibber King Richard III v. iii. 52 Conscience avant; Richard's himself again. Hark! the shrill Trumpet sounds, to Horse: Away! My Soul's in Arms, and eager for the Fray.]

1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances I. lxxxviii. 154 I am now returned to myself, and, by giving up myself intirely to you, may say with Glocester, ‘Richard's himself again.’

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 176/2 I fill apace—and here are my legs and feet. Richard's himself again!—so up I am in a twinkling.

1857 L. Larcom Let. 30 Oct. in New Eng. Q. (1930) 3 510 I have been sick, and could not use a pen respectably for a little while. However, ‘Richard's himself again’ now.

1873 C. A. Warfield Miriam Monfort 75 There—Richard's himself again! (Sorra to him!) He ought to have a bullet through his head for his pains.

1917 Black Cat Apr. 42/1 Old Fathom..grabbed the head of the culinary department by the scruff of the neck. All hands sighed in relief. Richard was himself again.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	richard
释义	Richardn. Brit. /ˈrɪtʃəd/, U.S. /ˈrɪtʃərd/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Richard. Etymology: < the male forename Richard.In sense 1 after Middle French richard, richart, ricart (also pomme de richard ; 14th cent.), of uncertain origin; perhaps < richard rich person (15th cent.; < riche rich adj. + -ard -ard suffix) rather than the personal name. Compare earlier richardine n. and discussion at that entry. In sense 2 after dick n.⁴, punningly after Dick as pet form of the forename Richard (see dick n.¹). In sense 3 shortened < Richard the Third , rhyming slang for bird n. 13. Richard is first attested in an English context in the first half of the 11th cent. with reference to the two dukes of Normandy bearing this name. Attested as a personal name in England from the second half of the 11th cent. onwards in several forms (e.g. Old English and Middle English Ricard, Middle English Richard, Rychard), at first probably only borne by persons of Norman or French descent. Its popularity increased rapidly during the Middle English period, and from the 14th cent. to the 18th cent. it was one of the most frequently chosen forenames for boys. †1. A variety of apple; probably a cider apple. In early use as a postmodifier. Cf. richardine n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pome-paradise1601 French pippin1629 gillyflower1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 calville1691 passe-pomme1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 Sturmer Pippin1831 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Macoun1924 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 pippin?1435 pomewater?1435 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 sweeting1530 pomeroyal1534 renneta1568 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 russeting1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 reinette1582 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pomeroy1600 short-start1600 jenneting1601 pome-paradise1601 russet coat1602 John apple1604 honey apple1611 honeymeal1611 musk apple1611 short-shank1611 spice apple1611 French pippin1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 renneting1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 reinetting1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 white-wining1676 russet1686 calville1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 musk1708 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 wine apple1802 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 wine-sap1826 Jonathan1831 Sturmer Pippin1831 rusty-coat1843 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Cornish gilliflowerc1850 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 nutmeg pippin1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Melba apple1928 Melba1933 Mutsu1951 Newtown1953 discovery1964 1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 56 Ye shall graffe them on a latewarde fruit, as pome Richard. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Ritsart-boom, apple Richard. 1670 J. Evelyn Pomona 65 The Arier-Apple, a constant bearer, making a strong and lasting Cider; some them Richards, some Grang-apples. 1707 J. Pechey Compl. Herbal (ed. 2) 7/2 The Apples that are best for making Cyder... Arrier-Apple, Richards or Grange-Apple, Coling Apple, [etc.]. 2. U.S. slang. Also with lower-case initial. A detective; a private eye. Cf. dick n.⁴ Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > investigation of crime > [noun] > detective plant1812 plain clothes1822 detective1850 plainclothesman1856 mouser1863 D.1869 sleuth1872 tec1879 dee1882 demon1889 sleuth-hound1890 split1891 fink1903 hawkshaw1903 busy1904 dick1905 gumshoe1913 Richard1914 shamus1925 cozzer1950 Five-O1983 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > a pursuer or detective thief-taker1535 beagle1559 thief-catcher1732 bloodhound1818 sleuth-hound1856 Richard1914 prodnose1965 1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 70 Richard, noun. General currency. A detective. 1924 N.Y. Times 3 Aug. viii. 16/1 It's an even break now between the Richard and the gun: the coppers are all wised up. 1964 H. Kane Snatch an Eye xxiv. 147 The richard tails his own client... If the private detective shows up, it means that the client did not shake him. 1974 ‘E. McGirr’ Murderous Journey 12 A surprisingly high proportion of well-to-do murderers hire private richards to delve into the demise of the victim. 3. British slang. Also with lower-case initial. A young woman. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > [noun] wifeeOE womaneOE womanOE queanOE brideOE viragoc1000 to wifeOE burdc1225 ladyc1225 carlinec1375 stotc1386 marec1387 pigsneyc1390 fellowa1393 piecec1400 femalea1425 goddessa1450 fairc1450 womankindc1450 fellowessa1500 femininea1513 tega1529 sister?1532 minikinc1540 wyec1540 placket1547 pig's eye1553 hen?1555 ware1558 pussy?a1560 jade1560 feme1566 gentlewoman1567 mort1567 pinnacea1568 jug1569 rowen1575 tarleather1575 mumps1576 skirt1578 piga1586 rib?1590 puppy1592 smock1592 maness1594 sloy1596 Madonna1602 moll1604 periwinkle1604 Partlet1607 rib of man1609 womanship?1609 modicum1611 Gypsy1612 petticoata1616 runniona1616 birda1627 lucky1629 she-man1640 her1646 lost rib1647 uptails1671 cow1696 tittup1696 cummer17.. wife1702 she-woman1703 person1704 molly1706 fusby1707 goody1708 riding hood1718 birdie1720 faggot1722 piece of goods1727 woman body1771 she-male1776 biddy1785 bitch1785 covess1789 gin1790 pintail1792 buer1807 femme1814 bibi1816 Judy1819 a bit (also bundle) of muslin1823 wifie1823 craft1829 shickster?1834 heifer1835 mot1837 tit1837 Sitt1838 strap1842 hay-bag1851 bint1855 popsy1855 tart1864 woman's woman1868 to deliver the goods1870 chapess1871 Dona1874 girl1878 ladykind1878 mivvy1881 dudess1883 dudette1883 dudine1883 tid1888 totty1890 tootsy1895 floozy1899 dame1902 jane1906 Tom1906 frail1908 bit of stuff1909 quim1909 babe1911 broad1914 muff1914 manhole1916 number1919 rossie1922 bit1923 man's woman1928 scupper1935 split1935 rye mort1936 totsy1938 leg1939 skinny1941 Richard1950 potato1957 scow1960 wimmin1975 womyn1975 womxn1991 1950 P. Tempest Lag's Lexicon 180 Richard. A girl. The girl friend. 1960 ‘A. Burgess’ Doctor is Sick xiv. 107 Judged by some of vem glamorous richards on ve telly. 1964 Listener 31 Dec. 1053/1 What Richard's gonna look at them in them 'airy outfits and them big boots. 1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 232 I was just sleeping at this Richard's place during the day... I didn't know she was brassing. 1997 G. Oldman Nil by Mouth 26 Used to turn to all the pages with the Richards modelling the bras and knickers. Phrases Richard's himself again and variants: used to indicate that a person has returned to normal after an illness or similar episode. Now rare. ΚΠ 1700 C. Cibber King Richard III v. iii. 52 Conscience avant; Richard's himself again. Hark! the shrill Trumpet sounds, to Horse: Away! My Soul's in Arms, and eager for the Fray.] 1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances I. lxxxviii. 154 I am now returned to myself, and, by giving up myself intirely to you, may say with Glocester, ‘Richard's himself again.’ 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 176/2 I fill apace—and here are my legs and feet. Richard's himself again!—so up I am in a twinkling. 1857 L. Larcom Let. 30 Oct. in New Eng. Q. (1930) 3 510 I have been sick, and could not use a pen respectably for a little while. However, ‘Richard's himself again’ now. 1873 C. A. Warfield Miriam Monfort 75 There—Richard's himself again! (Sorra to him!) He ought to have a bullet through his head for his pains. 1917 Black Cat Apr. 42/1 Old Fathom..grabbed the head of the culinary department by the scruff of the neck. All hands sighed in relief. Richard was himself again. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1572
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