ribaldn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈrɪbld/,

/ˈrɪbɔːld/, U.S.

/ˈrɪbəld/,

/ˈrɪˌbɔld/,

/ˈraɪˌbɔld/,

/ˈrɪˌbɑld/,

/ˈraɪˌbɑld/

Forms:

α. Middle English ribaus (plural), Middle English ribaut, Middle English ribauz (plural), Middle English ribavde, Middle English ribawde, Middle English rybaus (plural), Middle English–1500s rebaude, Middle English–1500s rebawde, Middle English–1500s ribaude, Middle English–1500s rybaud, Middle English–1500s rybaude, Middle English–1500s rybawde, Middle English–1700s ribaud, 1500s rebad, 1500s ribawd, 1500s rybbaud.

β. Middle English rebalde, Middle English rebolde, Middle English ribold (in a late copy), Middle English–1500s rybald, Middle English–1500s rybauld, Middle English–1500s rybaulde, Middle English–1600s ribalde, Middle English– ribald, 1500s rebaulde, 1500s ribbaulde, 1500s rybault, 1500s–1600s ribauld, 1500s–1600s ribaulde, 1600s ribbauld, 1700s ribbald; Scottish pre-1700 rebald, pre-1700 rebauld, pre-1700 rebbeld, pre-1700 ribauld, pre-1700 ribbalde, pre-1700 rybald, pre-1700 rybauld, pre-1700 1700s– ribald, 1900s– reebald, 1900s– reeble, 1900s– ribild.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 reball, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 riball, pre-1700 ribbell, 1800s reebal, 1800s rybel.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French ribald, ribaus, ribaldz.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ribald, ribalde, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French ribaut, Anglo-Norman and Middle French ribaud, Middle French ribault, rebaut, ribauld (plural ribaus, ribauz, ribaux, etc.; in Anglo-Norman also ribaldz, ribaudz, etc.; French ribaud ) debauched person, wretch, rogue, rascal (12th cent.; also from 13th cent. in spec. use in feminine form ribaude , etc., denoting a woman), camp follower, pillager, irregular soldier (13th cent.), porter (13th cent.), (as adjective) debauched, worthless, rascally (14th cent.), perhaps < Old French, Middle French riber to give oneself up to pleasure, to make a fuss of (12th cent.; perhaps a borrowing < a Germanic language of a cognate of German reiben : see wrive v.) + -aud, suffix. Compare (probably all ultimately < French) post-classical Latin ribaldus menial, rascal (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources), person of low status (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), camp follower (13th cent.), Old Occitan ribaut (13th cent.), Catalan ribald (13th cent.), Spanish ribaldo (13th cent.), Portuguese ribaldo (13th cent.), Italian ribaldo (1313), Middle Dutch ribaut, rebaut, etc., Middle Low German ribalt, ribolt, ribaut, Middle High German ribalt, Old Icelandic ribbaldi, Old Swedish ribbalde (Swedish ribald), Old Danish ribalde.The word is found from the second half of the 12th cent. as a surname (e.g. Radulfus filius Ribaud , Folco Ribald , Adam Ribaut ), although these may well reflect the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. In King of the Ribalds at Phrases after Old French, Middle French roi des ribauds (late 13th cent.) or post-classical Latin rex ribaldorum (1314 in a British (Gascon) source). In γ. forms showing formal overlap with, and perhaps influenced by, rebel adj., rebel n.¹ Compare also γ. forms at rebel adj. and n.¹

A. n.

a. In the medieval period: a person of low social status, esp. regarded as worthless or good-for-nothing; a rascal, vagabond. Also as a form of address. Now archaic or historical.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from more specific use at sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > worthless person > [noun]

ribalda1250

brethelingc1275

filec1300

waynouna1350

waster1352

lorel1362

losel1362

land-leaper1377

javelc1400

leftc1400

lorerc1400

shackerellc1420

brethel1440

never-thrift1440

ne'er-thrifta1450

never-thrivinga1450

nebulona1475

breelc1485

naughty pack?1534

brathel1542

unsel155.

pelf1551

wandrel?1567

land-loper1570

scald1575

baggage1594

arrant1605

good-for-nothing1611

hilding1611

vauneant1621

idle-pack1624

thimble-maker1654

never-do-well1664

ne'er-be-good1675

shack1682

vagabond1686

shag-bag1699

houndsfoot1710

blackguard1732

ne'er-do-well1737

trumpery1738

rap1742

good-for-naught1773

rip1781

mauvais sujet1793

scamp1808

waffie1808

loose fish1809

ne'er-do-good1814

hard bargain1818

vaurien1829

sculpin1834

shicer1846

wastrel1847

scallywag1848

shack-bag1855

beat1865

rodney1877

git1939

no-hoper1944

piss artist1962

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class

ribalda1250

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

canel raker?1518

channel raker1575

proletary1576

muckworm1649

proletariana1657

infimate1733

proletaire1796

coolie1803

gutterling1846

mudsill1858

prole1887

gutter-sparrow1890

gutter-bird1896

underworldling1928

delta1932

lumpenproletarian1936

proly1959

α.

a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 279 (MED) I..þolede schome and bismere and schomeliche spateling of unwurði ribauz.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 11 (MED) We shule facche þe rybaus wher þi wille be.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 4283 (MED) Here rystys the riche blude of the rownde table, Rebukkede with a rebawde.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 77 (MED) O, ribawde, seist þou that þou art Emperoure?

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 93 In such a multytud of rybbaudys as be now adays in the ordur of presthode.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. lv Dronkards w^tout discrescion, rybaudes w^tout reason.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 376 Loke a ribaut of hem þat can nouȝt wel reden.

1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 237 In despite of those Ribauds (so he then termed the Londoners).

β. a1450 York Plays (1885) 124 (MED) Arest ȝe þo rebaldes þat vnrewly are rownand.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 426 Off this regioun I think nocht for to gang Quhill tyme that I sall se that Rybald hang.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 296 (MED) Out, rybald, thou rores.1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBvii^v It is nat so, but ye be two rybauldes & vagabundes.1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. B4^v Neither should the hangman [tarry] for such ribalds.a1616 R. Niccols Beggers Ape (1627) sig. B2^v When shamelesse ribaulds are aduanced high The simple-hearted are accounted base.1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 93 They could not easily get anyone to be his Executioner..[until] a Ribauld out of the Marshalsey, (to save his own Life) beheaded him.1700 R. Brady Contin. Compl. Hist. Eng. 137 The Reband (Ribald) that was Messenger..in the same Place..made his Ordure (Eased himself).1826 Athenæum 15 Jan. 311/2 No one dislikes the reality of it [sc. a curacy] so much as he who possess it;..not a word of the pulpit..while among the ribalds of a mail-coach.1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. x. 296 To hide his fears in his own bosom, and leave open complaining to ribalds and women.1880 M. Oliphant Beleaguered City i. 9 A ribald like Jacques counts for nothing, but I did not expect this from you.1903 A. Tschopp Beggars of Eng. 77 There is a petition to the king that Ribalds and Sturdy Beggars may be banished from every town.2005 S. Farmer Surviving Poverty in Med. Paris ii. 66 Gilbert of Tournai advised hospital workers not to receive ‘ribalds or vagabonds’.

b. spec. Any one of a band of undisciplined camp followers or pillagers moving with, in advance of, or behind the main body of an army, and sometimes acting as irregular soldiers; (hence) the lowest member or attendant of a group; a hanger-on. Now rare.In later historical use sometimes erroneously treated as a formal social class or category. N. E. D. (1908) gives the definition ‘One of an irregular class of retainers who performed the lowest offices in royal or baronial households, especially in France during the 14th and 15th centuries’, perhaps after King of the Ribalds at Phrases; but there is no contemporary evidence for ribald as a name applied to a class of persons in medieval French households.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > irregular

ribaldc1330

leaper1604

partisan1692

rapparee1692

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > low, venal, or unscrupulous

ribaldc1330

zany1601

myrmidon1647

henchman1875

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7557 Napin..Wiþ fiften þousand wreyen kniȝtes..toke him ribaudes þre þousinde, Þe cuntre to brenne.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 27 (MED) Of rybaudz y ryme..of gedelynges, gromes, of colyn & of Colle.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 1575 (MED) Damoysels playen wiþ peren ripe; Ribaudes festeþ also wiþ tripe.

c1450 Siege Calais (Rome) in PMLA (1952) 67 891 (MED) Ribawdes armed with Iren and stele, Was neuer better devyse.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxxv. 525 The iii. day they ordayned to gyue a sore assaut, sayeng how those rybaudes shulde nat longe endure agaynst them.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxiii^v When the menne of warre were departed the rybaudes with pykes, iauelyns, and knyues, fell on the Englishemen.

1609 E. Coke in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 11 I find of ancient time, that if a Ribaud had stricken a Knight,..he should have lost his hand.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 228 If he proceed against the prohibition, and its tried by witnesses of two ribaulds [etc.].

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Ribbaldry Ribbalds were originally mercenary soldiers, who travelled about, serving any master for pay, but afterwards degenerated into a mere banditti.

a1861 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. (1864) III. iii. xiv. 589 Those of meaner rank, the servants and ribalds of the court,..plundered every article within reach.

1995 Renaissance Q. (Nexis) 22 Mar. 1 Ribalds were apparently known for going into battle barely clad.

2. A foul-mouthed or blasphemous person; one who uses offensive, irreverent, or scurrilous language; one who jeers or jokes in a rude or lewd way. Now rare.In some early examples perhaps merely a contextual use of sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > one who swears or abuses

curser1303

ribalda1325

warier1382

swearerc1386

reviler1517

reproacher?1532

scogginist1593

damme1618

foulmoutha1640

God damn me1640

damner1647

juror1653

comminator1682

muck-spouta1825

guttermouth1965

potty mouth1969

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1967 Ȝif a clerk..haþ..A symple þufþe y-don..Þanne comeþ fforþ ech rybaud..And seiþ, ‘lo, þis clerkes, what lif hi wolleþ drye.’

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4119 (MED) Þow lyest, rybaud.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vii. 435 (MED) Ich fedde me whit ale, Out of reson, a-mong rybaudes here rybaudrye to huyre.

1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 124 That same Enquest Enditit Sir John Scarle, parson..for a commyn putour..and a perilous Rebaude of his tunge.

a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 128 What eylythe the, rebawde, on me to raue?

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 7651 Ephistafus hym presit with his proude wordes, As a ribold with reueray in his Roide speche.

1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xl. 234 Harling thame befoir Princes and Kings, As rauing Rebalds rudelie to be rent.

1630 J. Makluire Buckler of Bodilie Health 27 I leaue such devyces of Sathan entysing to sinne to bee thought or treated of by ragged ribaulds.

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 66 Fit for a Scurra in Trivio, or som Ribald upon an Ale-bench.

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 163 Yet ne'r one sprig of Laurel grac'd these ribalds.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xiii. 277 To insult such a woman with the common-place sophistry—the disguised sentiments of a ribald.

1860 All Year Round 28 July 378 [It] changed him from a jeering ribald into an admiring spectator.

1901 Notes & Queries 12 Jan. 39/2 The..first duchess, ‘Mad Meg of Newcastle’, as she was irreverently called by the ribalds of the Court.

1919 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 40 335 We..become possessed of what ribalds of an earlier generation would call a Gradus ad Priapum.

3. A wicked, dissolute, or licentious person; a villain. Now archaic and regional (Scottish). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Shetland in 1968.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [noun] > person

ribald1340

shaker?a1500

whipster1593

Cyprian1598

wantoner1665

free-liver1711

rep1747

loose fish1809

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > worthlessness > good-for-nothing person

brethelingc1275

filec1300

dogc1330

ribald1340

waynouna1350

waster1352

lorel1362

losel1362

land-leaper1377

triflera1382

brothelc1390

javelc1400

leftc1400

lorerc1400

shackerellc1420

brethel1440

never-thrift1440

vagrant1444

ne'er-thrifta1450

never-thrivinga1450

nebulona1475

breelc1485

naughty pack?1534

brathel1542

carrion1547

slim1548

unsel155.

pelf1551

shifterc1562

rag1566

wandrel?1567

land-loper1570

nothing-worth1580

baggage1594

roly-poly1602

bash-rag1603

arrant1605

ragabash?1609

flabergullion1611

hilding1611

hard bargain1612

slubberdegullion1612

vauneant1621

knick-knacker1622

idle-pack1624

slabberdegullion1653

thimble-maker1654

whiffler1659

never-do-well1664

good-for-nought1671

ne'er-be-good1675

shack1682

vagabond1686

shabaroon1699

shag-bag1699

houndsfoot1710

ne'er-do-well1737

trumpery1738

rap1742

hallion1789

scamp1808

waffie1808

ne'er-do-good1814

vaurien1829

sculpin1834

shicer1846

good-for-nothing1847

wastrel1847

scallywag1848

shack-bag1855

beat1865

toe-rag1875

rodney1877

toe-ragger1896

low-lifer1902

punk1904

lowlife1909

ringtail1916

git1939

no-hoper1944

schlub1950

piss artist1962

dead leg1964

α.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 51 Alþeruerst he becomþ tauernyer..þanne he becomþ ribaud [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues harlot], holyer, and þyef.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 151 ‘Aue raby,’ quod þat ribaude [sc. Judas]..And kiste hym.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 203 (MED) Wiþ ricchesse þat Ribaude [v.r. ribalde] rathest men bigyleth.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 278 (MED) Siche wrecchide mynystris..ben also trecherous and veniable rybawdis and reuelours.

c1450 Terms Assoc. in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1962) 13 232 (MED) A Foly or a lewdnez off Rebawdez.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxiij/1 Ye shal suffer noo maner Rybaudis nor none of euyll lyuing..wythin the warde.

a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. i. 8 in 3 New Playes (1655) Thou goatish Ribaud, in whom lust is grown Defensible.

1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding (new ed.) i. vi. 11 See next the worn-out ribaud, past his labour, Scarr'd by the goujeres of his younger days.

β. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 147 By..the dyse Ben represented the players at dyse, Rybauldes and butters.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 73 The tane lufis the marchandis and labouraris, and the tothir rybauldis and hasardouris.1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance iii. f. 4 After he and his ribauldes had saciate with them theyr lecherous appetites.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. M8 When that lewd rybauld with vyle lust aduaunst Laid first his filthie hands on virgin cleene.1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars ii. 93 This Crue of Ribalds, villanous and nought, With their Co-agents in this damned thing.1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 158 He might have found these godly Reformers..to be Ribalds, Buggerers, Sorcerers.1728 J. Smedley Gulliveriana 305 Call them..Pidlers, Things, Creatures, Wretches, Ribalds, or Scoundrels.1793 S. Ireland Picturesque Views Medway iv. 48 His brethren instantly hired a company of ribalds, armed with clubs and bats, who waylaid the poor Monks.1833 N. Amer. Mag. June 101 Who never else might know what odious and disgusting ribalds could exist in the Land of Steady Habits.1864 R. Browning Sordello iii. 79 The rout Of haggard ribalds wandering about The..island-house Where Friedrich holds his wickedest carouse.1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 295 When..by the eyes and unsettling looks of this ribald I might divine that his thought was..to kill me, I made some delay.1902 J. J. H. Burgess Some Shetland Folk 94 Du's welcom' til him, da drukken , ösless ribild 'at he is.2006 A. Borelli & M. C. P. Passaro tr. G. Savonarola Sel. Writings 285 The city is full of ribalds, infamous for their many vices, who have such boldness in disparaging upright living.

4. A jester, player, or entertainer, esp. regarded as bawdy, vulgar, or dissolute (cf. sense A. 1a). Now rare (historical in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performance of jester or comedian > [noun] > jester or comedian

jugglerc1175

foolc1300

jangler1303

fool sagec1330

ribald1340

ape-ward1362

japer1377

sage fool1377

harlotc1390

disporter?a1475

jocular?a1475

joculatora1500

jester?1518

idiot1526

scoffer1530

sporter1531

dizzardc1540

vice1552

antic1564

bauble-bearer1568

scoggin1579

buffoon1584

pleasant1595

zany1596

baladine1599

clown1600

fiddle1600

mimic1601

ape-carrier1615

mime1616

mime-man1631

merry man1648

tomfool1650

pickle-herring1656

badine1670

puddingc1675

merry-andrew1677

mimical1688

Tom Tram1688

Monaghan1689

pickled herring1711

ethologist1727

court-foola1797

Tom1817

mimer1819

fun-maker1835

funny man1839

mimester1846

comic1857

comedian1860

jokesman1882

comique1886

Joey1896

tummler1938

alternative comedian1981

Andrew-

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 192 (MED) Þou ne sselt naȝt yeue to þe kueade be þe scele of his kueadnesse, ase doþ þo þet yeueþ þe ribaus and menestrals uor hare wylkednesse [read wykkednesse].

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2383 (MED) Wher he sat in his Charr real, Beside him was a Ribald set, Which hadde hise wordes so beset, To themperour.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 173 Micholl..logh Dauid hire lord to scorne... Scho lykned hym till harlots and ribavdes.

a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (BL Add.) (1912) l. 12181 (MED) What nedeth it to speke of trechetours..or of gestours, Or of chauntours..Or of herawdes, rebawdes, or wyne tasters?

1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall viii. Iv Ribauldes and cockescombes are in dede, a sauce vnto our feast.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1199 All the packe of those vagabonds, ribauds, and jesters who haunt the feasts of Cybele and Serapis.

1823 Brit. Critic Nov. 188 A pert and mischievous buffoon; the fellow-wit of Punch, Scaramouch, and other sordid ribalds.

1877 St. Nicholas Jan. 216/2 In the latter part of the fifteenth century, minstrels were styled as ‘ribalds’..and were considered a ‘disgraceful’ sort of people.

1922 E. E. Power Medieval Eng. Nunneries vii. 311 For her the company of ribalds with their wenches, and all the thriftless, shiftless player-folk.

†5. A promiscuous or loose woman; a wanton, a harlot. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman

queanOE

whorec1175

malkinc1275

wenchelc1300

ribalda1350

strumpeta1350

wench1362

filtha1375

parnelc1390

sinner14..

callet1415

slut?c1425

tickle-tailc1430

harlot?a1475

mignote1489

kittock?a1500

mulea1513

trulla1516

trully?1515

danta1529

miswoman1528

stewed whore1532

Tib1533

unchaghe1534

flag1535

Katy1535

jillet1541

yaud1545

housewife1546

trinkletc1550

whippet1550

Canace1551

filthy1553

Jezebel1558

kittyc1560

loonc1560

laced mutton1563

nymph1563

limmer1566

tomboy1566

Marian1567

mort1567

cockatrice1568

franion1571

blowze1573

rannell1573

rig1575

Kita1577

poplet1577

light-skirts1578

pucelle1578

harlotry1584

light o' lovea1586

driggle-draggle1588

wagtail1592

tub-tail1595

flirt-gill1597

minx1598

hilding1599

short-heels1599

bona-roba1600

flirt1600

Hiren1600

light-heels1602

roba1602

baggage1603

cousin1604

fricatrice1607

rumbelow1611

amorosa1615

jaya1616

open-taila1618

succubus1622

snaphancea1625

flap1631

buttered bun1638

puffkin1639

vizard1652

fallen woman1659

tomrigg1662

cunt1663

quaedama1670

jilt1672

crack1677

grass-girl1691

sporting girl1694

sportswoman1705

mobbed hood1707

brim1736

trollop1742

trub1746

demi-rep1749

gillyflower1757

lady of easy virtue1766

mot1773

chicken1782

gammerstang1788

buer1807

scarlet woman1816

blowen1819

fie-fie1820

shickster?1834

streel1842

charver1846

trolly1854

bad girl1855

amateur1862

anonyma1862

demi-virgin1864

pickup1871

chippy1885

wish-wife1886

tart1887

tartleta1890

flossy1893

fly girl1893

demi-mondaine1894

floozy1899

slattern1899

scrub1900

demi-vierge1908

cake1909

coozie1912

muff1914

tarty1918

yes-girl1920

radge1923

bike1945

puta1948

messer1951

cooze1955

jamette1965

skeezer1986

slutbag1987

chickenhead1988

ho1988

a1350 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 134 Vch gigelot..Habbe he a fauce filet he halt hire hed heȝe to shewe þat heo be kud & knewe for strompet in rybaudes rewe.

a1400 Inscription at Ridgewell Church, Essex in B. J. Whiting & H. W. Whiting Prov., Sentences, & Proverbial Phrases (1968) 317 (MED) A yong rewler, wytles..An old man lecher, lwveles, A woman rebolde, sameles.

c1475 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 184 (MED) A riche man a thefe nedeles, A womman a rebawde shameles..shalle never thrif blamles.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xviii. sig. n.vi ^v The fals and vnfaythfull rybaude..hath broken..the maryage bytwene her & the kynge of kynges.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 251 Scho is..Ane rank Rebald, reddy all tymes to ryde.

1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx xv. sig. G 3 The court wanteth not flatterers,..nor the poore miserie, Brothels ribalds, nor Prisons offendors.

a1648 W. Percy Cuck-queanes & Cuckolds Errants (1824) iii. vi. 42 Hore, Hare, Harlot, Bitch, Fellatrice, Witch, Bawde, Ribaud, Tribade.

1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Ribaud, a baud.

B. adj.

1. Of a person or persons: (in early use) lewd, coarse, or licentious in language or behaviour; deliberately and offensively abusive or impious; (now usually in weakened sense) given to bawdy, vulgar, or irreverent talk or behaviour; amusingly rude.Occasionally in extended use (of animals, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > ribald or scurrilous

foulOE

ribaldya1438

ribaldousc1440

villainous1470

ribald?a1500

ribaldious?1518

ribaldry1519

ribaldish?1533

rabulous1538

reprobriousa1539

ribaldrous1565

scurrile1567

profane1568

swearing1569

ribaldly1570

scurrilous1576

tarry1579

Fescennine verses1601

scogginly1620

ribaldrious1633

rotten in one's head1640

Billingsgate1652

promiscuous1753

blackguarding1789

blue1832

?a1500 Court of Love (Trin. Cambr. R.3.19) l. 479 in K. Forni Chaucerian Apocrypha (2005) Ragged and torn, disguysed in array, Rybaude in speche.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 136 The rebald..man has wone ȝour hert, and his lusty plesaunce ȝoure chastite.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 154 Sanct Girnega did glyd, Befoir that rebald rowt.

a1525 Court of Love 479 Disgysed in array, Ribaud in speche.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. ii. 11 The busie day, Wak't by the Larke hath rouzd the ribald Crowes.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 102 Thus, this ribald regiment heaped wp sin.

1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i Let the ribald Railer learn To curb the lawless Licence of his Speech.

1764 K. O'Hara Midas iii. 47 Hush ribald cur, this bawling Unless you wish a mawling!

a1822 P. B. Shelley Triumph of Life in Posthumous Poems (1824) 78 The ribald crowd that followed them.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 356 A miserable set of ribald ballad writers.

1890 R. Bridges Shorter Poems iv. xii. 73 A ribald cuckoo clamoured.

1917 M. Cowley Let. 26 June in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 45 One can hear ribald Chicagoans wandering about camp shouting at every opportunity.

1980 R. W. Clark Freud (1982) ii. 32 He was the model of iconoclastic youth, ribald about the Emperor,..contemptuous of established religion.

2008 Daily Tel. 2 Jan. 7/8 Mark Williams was a hilariously ribald Sir John Middleton.

2. Of language, humour, etc.: coarse, vulgar, scurrilous, irreverent; (subsequently esp.) referring to sexual matters in an amusingly rude or irreverent way. Now the most common sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > ribald or scurrilous > speech, writing, or conduct

ribald?a1513

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > lewd, bawdy, or obscene

lewdc1386

filthy?c1400

knavishc1405

sensual?a1425

ribaldousc1440

dishonestc1450

bawdya1513

ribald?a1513

ribaldious?1518

slovenly?1518

ribaldry1519

priapish1531

ribaldish?1533

filthous1551

ribaldly1570

obscene1571

bawdisha1586

obscenous1591

greasy1598

dirty1599

fulsome1600

spurcitious1658

lasciviating1660

smutty1668

bawdry1764

ribaldric1796

un-Quakerlike1824

fat1836

ithyphallic1856

hot1892

rorty1898

rude1919

bitchy1928

feelthy1930

raunchy1943

ranchy1959

down and dirty1969

steamy1970

sleazo1972

a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 202 To red thy rebald rymyng with a rowt.

1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. xxiii. sig. M.ii^v When thou herest thy child swere, curse, strive, fight, lye or speke eny foule wordes or sing eny rybaud songes thou shalt reprove him sharply.

1621 F. Quarles Hadassa 1478 Foule ribbauld talke, and lothsome Drunkennesse.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 61 The luxurious, and ribald feasts of Baal-peor.

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. ix. 104 In Conversations of ribald Entendre, I have heard it affirmed, that the Blushing of a Woman is a sure Proof of her understanding much more than became her.

1780 E. Burke Wks. (1808) III. 415 The ribbald invectives which occupy the place of argument.

1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies x. 46 Peals of laughter were mingled with loud ribald jokes.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 204 In the most ribald farces which were performed by mountebanks in Smithfield.

1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 128 Some ribald tracts of Bale.

1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down ii. xiii. 379 ‘'S war work,’ Stokes suggested with a ribald leer.

1988 Toronto Star (Nexis) 15 July h8 He could still hear Harold bellowing a ribald song about rolling him over in the clover.

2003 Independent 10 Apr. (Review section) 23/2 Lucy Gannon's racy and ribald new series is an Upstairs, Downstairs for a less reverential age.

Phrases

† King of the Ribalds: an officer of the medieval French royal household charged with the control of ‘ribalds’, and having jurisdiction over crimes committed within the court, vagrants seeking to enter it, and brothels, gaming houses, etc., in and around it. Hence in extended and allusive use. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > officers of French royal household

portmanteau1597

King of the Ribalds1599

prevost de l'hostelc1650

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7300 Falssemblant..in my court is thi dwellyng And of Ribawdis shalt be my kyng [Fr. rois des ribaus].]

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 71 He is called ‘Roye des Ribauldez’, whiche is, ‘the kinge of Ribaldes, or Harlottes’, or euill or wicked persons.

1654 J. Cleveland Idol of Clownes (new ed.) 11 Wat the Tyler..was King of the Ribauldes, the Idoll of the Kentish Clownes.

1769 tr. P. F. Velly Hist. Extracts I. 243 The King of the Ribauds had no bouche at court... His office was to be always without the gate, to keep off those who were not intitled to come in.

1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 244 Were he to..try to pass abroad for a gentleman, and this offence came to the ears of the ‘King of the Ribalds’,..the fool might reckon on being scourged till the blood ran down to his heels.

1910 Encycl. Britannica XIII. 329/1 We hear of kings of arms in the royal household of the 13th century, and we may compare their title with those of such officers as the King of the Ribalds and the King of the Minstrels.

1997 D. Nicholas Later Medieval City viii. 276 Several cities had ‘Kings of the Ribalds’ who performed various unpleasant duties with marginal persons.

Derivatives

† ribald-like adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1586 W. Webbe tr. Horace in Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. K.ii In iesting it must be obserued that it bee not lacyuious or Rybaldlike.

1637 J. Pocklington Altare Christianum xxv. 156 Had this man railed against the Canon..in odious and ribald-like termes,..he could not have frustrated the execution thereof so speedily.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ribald
释义	ribaldn.adj. Brit. /ˈrɪbld/, /ˈrɪbɔːld/, U.S. /ˈrɪbəld/, /ˈrɪˌbɔld/, /ˈraɪˌbɔld/, /ˈrɪˌbɑld/, /ˈraɪˌbɑld/ Forms: α. Middle English ribaus (plural), Middle English ribaut, Middle English ribauz (plural), Middle English ribavde, Middle English ribawde, Middle English rybaus (plural), Middle English–1500s rebaude, Middle English–1500s rebawde, Middle English–1500s ribaude, Middle English–1500s rybaud, Middle English–1500s rybaude, Middle English–1500s rybawde, Middle English–1700s ribaud, 1500s rebad, 1500s ribawd, 1500s rybbaud. β. Middle English rebalde, Middle English rebolde, Middle English ribold (in a late copy), Middle English–1500s rybald, Middle English–1500s rybauld, Middle English–1500s rybaulde, Middle English–1600s ribalde, Middle English– ribald, 1500s rebaulde, 1500s ribbaulde, 1500s rybault, 1500s–1600s ribauld, 1500s–1600s ribaulde, 1600s ribbauld, 1700s ribbald; Scottish pre-1700 rebald, pre-1700 rebauld, pre-1700 rebbeld, pre-1700 ribauld, pre-1700 ribbalde, pre-1700 rybald, pre-1700 rybauld, pre-1700 1700s– ribald, 1900s– reebald, 1900s– reeble, 1900s– ribild. γ. Scottish pre-1700 reball, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 riball, pre-1700 ribbell, 1800s reebal, 1800s rybel. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French ribald, ribaus, ribaldz. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman ribald, ribalde, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French ribaut, Anglo-Norman and Middle French ribaud, Middle French ribault, rebaut, ribauld (plural ribaus, ribauz, ribaux, etc.; in Anglo-Norman also ribaldz, ribaudz, etc.; French ribaud ) debauched person, wretch, rogue, rascal (12th cent.; also from 13th cent. in spec. use in feminine form ribaude , etc., denoting a woman), camp follower, pillager, irregular soldier (13th cent.), porter (13th cent.), (as adjective) debauched, worthless, rascally (14th cent.), perhaps < Old French, Middle French riber to give oneself up to pleasure, to make a fuss of (12th cent.; perhaps a borrowing < a Germanic language of a cognate of German reiben : see wrive v.) + -aud, suffix. Compare (probably all ultimately < French) post-classical Latin ribaldus menial, rascal (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources), person of low status (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), camp follower (13th cent.), Old Occitan ribaut (13th cent.), Catalan ribald (13th cent.), Spanish ribaldo (13th cent.), Portuguese ribaldo (13th cent.), Italian ribaldo (1313), Middle Dutch ribaut, rebaut, etc., Middle Low German ribalt, ribolt, ribaut, Middle High German ribalt, Old Icelandic ribbaldi, Old Swedish ribbalde (Swedish ribald), Old Danish ribalde.The word is found from the second half of the 12th cent. as a surname (e.g. Radulfus filius Ribaud , Folco Ribald , Adam Ribaut ), although these may well reflect the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. In King of the Ribalds at Phrases after Old French, Middle French roi des ribauds (late 13th cent.) or post-classical Latin rex ribaldorum (1314 in a British (Gascon) source). In γ. forms showing formal overlap with, and perhaps influenced by, rebel adj., rebel n.¹ Compare also γ. forms at rebel adj. and n.¹ A. n. 1. a. In the medieval period: a person of low social status, esp. regarded as worthless or good-for-nothing; a rascal, vagabond. Also as a form of address. Now archaic or historical.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from more specific use at sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > worthlessness > worthless person > [noun] ribalda1250 brethelingc1275 filec1300 waynouna1350 waster1352 lorel1362 losel1362 land-leaper1377 javelc1400 leftc1400 lorerc1400 shackerellc1420 brethel1440 never-thrift1440 ne'er-thrifta1450 never-thrivinga1450 nebulona1475 breelc1485 naughty pack?1534 brathel1542 unsel155. pelf1551 wandrel?1567 land-loper1570 scald1575 baggage1594 arrant1605 good-for-nothing1611 hilding1611 vauneant1621 idle-pack1624 thimble-maker1654 never-do-well1664 ne'er-be-good1675 shack1682 vagabond1686 shag-bag1699 houndsfoot1710 blackguard1732 ne'er-do-well1737 trumpery1738 rap1742 good-for-naught1773 rip1781 mauvais sujet1793 scamp1808 waffie1808 loose fish1809 ne'er-do-good1814 hard bargain1818 vaurien1829 sculpin1834 shicer1846 wastrel1847 scallywag1848 shack-bag1855 beat1865 rodney1877 git1939 no-hoper1944 piss artist1962 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class ribalda1250 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 canel raker?1518 channel raker1575 proletary1576 muckworm1649 proletariana1657 infimate1733 proletaire1796 coolie1803 gutterling1846 mudsill1858 prole1887 gutter-sparrow1890 gutter-bird1896 underworldling1928 delta1932 lumpenproletarian1936 proly1959 α. a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 279 (MED) I..þolede schome and bismere and schomeliche spateling of unwurði ribauz. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 11 (MED) We shule facche þe rybaus wher þi wille be. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 4283 (MED) Here rystys the riche blude of the rownde table, Rebukkede with a rebawde. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 77 (MED) O, ribawde, seist þou that þou art Emperoure? a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 93 In such a multytud of rybbaudys as be now adays in the ordur of presthode. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. lv Dronkards w^tout discrescion, rybaudes w^tout reason. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 376 Loke a ribaut of hem þat can nouȝt wel reden. 1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 237 In despite of those Ribauds (so he then termed the Londoners). β. a1450 York Plays (1885) 124 (MED) Arest ȝe þo rebaldes þat vnrewly are rownand.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 426 Off this regioun I think nocht for to gang Quhill tyme that I sall se that Rybald hang.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 296 (MED) Out, rybald, thou rores.1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBvii^v It is nat so, but ye be two rybauldes & vagabundes.1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. B4^v Neither should the hangman [tarry] for such ribalds.a1616 R. Niccols Beggers Ape (1627) sig. B2^v When shamelesse ribaulds are aduanced high The simple-hearted are accounted base.1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 93 They could not easily get anyone to be his Executioner..[until] a Ribauld out of the Marshalsey, (to save his own Life) beheaded him.1700 R. Brady Contin. Compl. Hist. Eng. 137 The Reband (Ribald) that was Messenger..in the same Place..made his Ordure (Eased himself).1826 Athenæum 15 Jan. 311/2 No one dislikes the reality of it [sc. a curacy] so much as he who possess it;..not a word of the pulpit..while among the ribalds of a mail-coach.1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. x. 296 To hide his fears in his own bosom, and leave open complaining to ribalds and women.1880 M. Oliphant Beleaguered City i. 9 A ribald like Jacques counts for nothing, but I did not expect this from you.1903 A. Tschopp Beggars of Eng. 77 There is a petition to the king that Ribalds and Sturdy Beggars may be banished from every town.2005 S. Farmer Surviving Poverty in Med. Paris ii. 66 Gilbert of Tournai advised hospital workers not to receive ‘ribalds or vagabonds’. b. spec. Any one of a band of undisciplined camp followers or pillagers moving with, in advance of, or behind the main body of an army, and sometimes acting as irregular soldiers; (hence) the lowest member or attendant of a group; a hanger-on. Now rare.In later historical use sometimes erroneously treated as a formal social class or category. N. E. D. (1908) gives the definition ‘One of an irregular class of retainers who performed the lowest offices in royal or baronial households, especially in France during the 14th and 15th centuries’, perhaps after King of the Ribalds at Phrases; but there is no contemporary evidence for ribald as a name applied to a class of persons in medieval French households. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > irregular ribaldc1330 leaper1604 partisan1692 rapparee1692 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > low, venal, or unscrupulous ribaldc1330 zany1601 myrmidon1647 henchman1875 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 7557 Napin..Wiþ fiften þousand wreyen kniȝtes..toke him ribaudes þre þousinde, Þe cuntre to brenne. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 27 (MED) Of rybaudz y ryme..of gedelynges, gromes, of colyn & of Colle. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 1575 (MED) Damoysels playen wiþ peren ripe; Ribaudes festeþ also wiþ tripe. c1450 Siege Calais (Rome) in PMLA (1952) 67 891 (MED) Ribawdes armed with Iren and stele, Was neuer better devyse. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxxv. 525 The iii. day they ordayned to gyue a sore assaut, sayeng how those rybaudes shulde nat longe endure agaynst them. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxiii^v When the menne of warre were departed the rybaudes with pykes, iauelyns, and knyues, fell on the Englishemen. 1609 E. Coke in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 11 I find of ancient time, that if a Ribaud had stricken a Knight,..he should have lost his hand. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 228 If he proceed against the prohibition, and its tried by witnesses of two ribaulds [etc.]. 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Ribbaldry Ribbalds were originally mercenary soldiers, who travelled about, serving any master for pay, but afterwards degenerated into a mere banditti. a1861 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. (1864) III. iii. xiv. 589 Those of meaner rank, the servants and ribalds of the court,..plundered every article within reach. 1995 Renaissance Q. (Nexis) 22 Mar. 1 Ribalds were apparently known for going into battle barely clad. 2. A foul-mouthed or blasphemous person; one who uses offensive, irreverent, or scurrilous language; one who jeers or jokes in a rude or lewd way. Now rare.In some early examples perhaps merely a contextual use of sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > one who swears or abuses curser1303 ribalda1325 warier1382 swearerc1386 reviler1517 reproacher?1532 scogginist1593 damme1618 foulmoutha1640 God damn me1640 damner1647 juror1653 comminator1682 muck-spouta1825 guttermouth1965 potty mouth1969 a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1967 Ȝif a clerk..haþ..A symple þufþe y-don..Þanne comeþ fforþ ech rybaud..And seiþ, ‘lo, þis clerkes, what lif hi wolleþ drye.’ c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4119 (MED) Þow lyest, rybaud. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vii. 435 (MED) Ich fedde me whit ale, Out of reson, a-mong rybaudes here rybaudrye to huyre. 1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 124 That same Enquest Enditit Sir John Scarle, parson..for a commyn putour..and a perilous Rebaude of his tunge. a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 128 What eylythe the, rebawde, on me to raue? c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 7651 Ephistafus hym presit with his proude wordes, As a ribold with reueray in his Roide speche. 1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xl. 234 Harling thame befoir Princes and Kings, As rauing Rebalds rudelie to be rent. 1630 J. Makluire Buckler of Bodilie Health 27 I leaue such devyces of Sathan entysing to sinne to bee thought or treated of by ragged ribaulds. 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 66 Fit for a Scurra in Trivio, or som Ribald upon an Ale-bench. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 163 Yet ne'r one sprig of Laurel grac'd these ribalds. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xiii. 277 To insult such a woman with the common-place sophistry—the disguised sentiments of a ribald. 1860 All Year Round 28 July 378 [It] changed him from a jeering ribald into an admiring spectator. 1901 Notes & Queries 12 Jan. 39/2 The..first duchess, ‘Mad Meg of Newcastle’, as she was irreverently called by the ribalds of the Court. 1919 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 40 335 We..become possessed of what ribalds of an earlier generation would call a Gradus ad Priapum. 3. A wicked, dissolute, or licentious person; a villain. Now archaic and regional (Scottish). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Shetland in 1968. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [noun] > person ribald1340 shaker?a1500 whipster1593 Cyprian1598 wantoner1665 free-liver1711 rep1747 loose fish1809 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > worthlessness > good-for-nothing person brethelingc1275 filec1300 dogc1330 ribald1340 waynouna1350 waster1352 lorel1362 losel1362 land-leaper1377 triflera1382 brothelc1390 javelc1400 leftc1400 lorerc1400 shackerellc1420 brethel1440 never-thrift1440 vagrant1444 ne'er-thrifta1450 never-thrivinga1450 nebulona1475 breelc1485 naughty pack?1534 brathel1542 carrion1547 slim1548 unsel155. pelf1551 shifterc1562 rag1566 wandrel?1567 land-loper1570 nothing-worth1580 baggage1594 roly-poly1602 bash-rag1603 arrant1605 ragabash?1609 flabergullion1611 hilding1611 hard bargain1612 slubberdegullion1612 vauneant1621 knick-knacker1622 idle-pack1624 slabberdegullion1653 thimble-maker1654 whiffler1659 never-do-well1664 good-for-nought1671 ne'er-be-good1675 shack1682 vagabond1686 shabaroon1699 shag-bag1699 houndsfoot1710 ne'er-do-well1737 trumpery1738 rap1742 hallion1789 scamp1808 waffie1808 ne'er-do-good1814 vaurien1829 sculpin1834 shicer1846 good-for-nothing1847 wastrel1847 scallywag1848 shack-bag1855 beat1865 toe-rag1875 rodney1877 toe-ragger1896 low-lifer1902 punk1904 lowlife1909 ringtail1916 git1939 no-hoper1944 schlub1950 piss artist1962 dead leg1964 α. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 51 Alþeruerst he becomþ tauernyer..þanne he becomþ ribaud [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues harlot], holyer, and þyef. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 151 ‘Aue raby,’ quod þat ribaude [sc. Judas]..And kiste hym. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 203 (MED) Wiþ ricchesse þat Ribaude [v.r. ribalde] rathest men bigyleth. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 278 (MED) Siche wrecchide mynystris..ben also trecherous and veniable rybawdis and reuelours. c1450 Terms Assoc. in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1962) 13 232 (MED) A Foly or a lewdnez off Rebawdez. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxiij/1 Ye shal suffer noo maner Rybaudis nor none of euyll lyuing..wythin the warde. a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. i. 8 in 3 New Playes (1655) Thou goatish Ribaud, in whom lust is grown Defensible. 1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding (new ed.) i. vi. 11 See next the worn-out ribaud, past his labour, Scarr'd by the goujeres of his younger days. β. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 147 By..the dyse Ben represented the players at dyse, Rybauldes and butters.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 73 The tane lufis the marchandis and labouraris, and the tothir rybauldis and hasardouris.1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance iii. f. 4 After he and his ribauldes had saciate with them theyr lecherous appetites.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. M8 When that lewd rybauld with vyle lust aduaunst Laid first his filthie hands on virgin cleene.1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars ii. 93 This Crue of Ribalds, villanous and nought, With their Co-agents in this damned thing.1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 158 He might have found these godly Reformers..to be Ribalds, Buggerers, Sorcerers.1728 J. Smedley Gulliveriana 305 Call them..Pidlers, Things, Creatures, Wretches, Ribalds, or Scoundrels.1793 S. Ireland Picturesque Views Medway iv. 48 His brethren instantly hired a company of ribalds, armed with clubs and bats, who waylaid the poor Monks.1833 N. Amer. Mag. June 101 Who never else might know what odious and disgusting ribalds could exist in the Land of Steady Habits.1864 R. Browning Sordello iii. 79 The rout Of haggard ribalds wandering about The..island-house Where Friedrich holds his wickedest carouse.1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 295 When..by the eyes and unsettling looks of this ribald I might divine that his thought was..to kill me, I made some delay.1902 J. J. H. Burgess Some Shetland Folk 94 Du's welcom' til him, da drukken , ösless ribild 'at he is.2006 A. Borelli & M. C. P. Passaro tr. G. Savonarola Sel. Writings 285 The city is full of ribalds, infamous for their many vices, who have such boldness in disparaging upright living. 4. A jester, player, or entertainer, esp. regarded as bawdy, vulgar, or dissolute (cf. sense A. 1a). Now rare (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performance of jester or comedian > [noun] > jester or comedian jugglerc1175 foolc1300 jangler1303 fool sagec1330 ribald1340 ape-ward1362 japer1377 sage fool1377 harlotc1390 disporter?a1475 jocular?a1475 joculatora1500 jester?1518 idiot1526 scoffer1530 sporter1531 dizzardc1540 vice1552 antic1564 bauble-bearer1568 scoggin1579 buffoon1584 pleasant1595 zany1596 baladine1599 clown1600 fiddle1600 mimic1601 ape-carrier1615 mime1616 mime-man1631 merry man1648 tomfool1650 pickle-herring1656 badine1670 puddingc1675 merry-andrew1677 mimical1688 Tom Tram1688 Monaghan1689 pickled herring1711 ethologist1727 court-foola1797 Tom1817 mimer1819 fun-maker1835 funny man1839 mimester1846 comic1857 comedian1860 jokesman1882 comique1886 Joey1896 tummler1938 alternative comedian1981 Andrew- 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 192 (MED) Þou ne sselt naȝt yeue to þe kueade be þe scele of his kueadnesse, ase doþ þo þet yeueþ þe ribaus and menestrals uor hare wylkednesse [read wykkednesse]. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2383 (MED) Wher he sat in his Charr real, Beside him was a Ribald set, Which hadde hise wordes so beset, To themperour. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 173 Micholl..logh Dauid hire lord to scorne... Scho lykned hym till harlots and ribavdes. a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (BL Add.) (1912) l. 12181 (MED) What nedeth it to speke of trechetours..or of gestours, Or of chauntours..Or of herawdes, rebawdes, or wyne tasters? 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall viii. Iv Ribauldes and cockescombes are in dede, a sauce vnto our feast. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1199 All the packe of those vagabonds, ribauds, and jesters who haunt the feasts of Cybele and Serapis. 1823 Brit. Critic Nov. 188 A pert and mischievous buffoon; the fellow-wit of Punch, Scaramouch, and other sordid ribalds. 1877 St. Nicholas Jan. 216/2 In the latter part of the fifteenth century, minstrels were styled as ‘ribalds’..and were considered a ‘disgraceful’ sort of people. 1922 E. E. Power Medieval Eng. Nunneries vii. 311 For her the company of ribalds with their wenches, and all the thriftless, shiftless player-folk. †5. A promiscuous or loose woman; a wanton, a harlot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman queanOE whorec1175 malkinc1275 wenchelc1300 ribalda1350 strumpeta1350 wench1362 filtha1375 parnelc1390 sinner14.. callet1415 slut?c1425 tickle-tailc1430 harlot?a1475 mignote1489 kittock?a1500 mulea1513 trulla1516 trully?1515 danta1529 miswoman1528 stewed whore1532 Tib1533 unchaghe1534 flag1535 Katy1535 jillet1541 yaud1545 housewife1546 trinkletc1550 whippet1550 Canace1551 filthy1553 Jezebel1558 kittyc1560 loonc1560 laced mutton1563 nymph1563 limmer1566 tomboy1566 Marian1567 mort1567 cockatrice1568 franion1571 blowze1573 rannell1573 rig1575 Kita1577 poplet1577 light-skirts1578 pucelle1578 harlotry1584 light o' lovea1586 driggle-draggle1588 wagtail1592 tub-tail1595 flirt-gill1597 minx1598 hilding1599 short-heels1599 bona-roba1600 flirt1600 Hiren1600 light-heels1602 roba1602 baggage1603 cousin1604 fricatrice1607 rumbelow1611 amorosa1615 jaya1616 open-taila1618 succubus1622 snaphancea1625 flap1631 buttered bun1638 puffkin1639 vizard1652 fallen woman1659 tomrigg1662 cunt1663 quaedama1670 jilt1672 crack1677 grass-girl1691 sporting girl1694 sportswoman1705 mobbed hood1707 brim1736 trollop1742 trub1746 demi-rep1749 gillyflower1757 lady of easy virtue1766 mot1773 chicken1782 gammerstang1788 buer1807 scarlet woman1816 blowen1819 fie-fie1820 shickster?1834 streel1842 charver1846 trolly1854 bad girl1855 amateur1862 anonyma1862 demi-virgin1864 pickup1871 chippy1885 wish-wife1886 tart1887 tartleta1890 flossy1893 fly girl1893 demi-mondaine1894 floozy1899 slattern1899 scrub1900 demi-vierge1908 cake1909 coozie1912 muff1914 tarty1918 yes-girl1920 radge1923 bike1945 puta1948 messer1951 cooze1955 jamette1965 skeezer1986 slutbag1987 chickenhead1988 ho1988 a1350 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 134 Vch gigelot..Habbe he a fauce filet he halt hire hed heȝe to shewe þat heo be kud & knewe for strompet in rybaudes rewe. a1400 Inscription at Ridgewell Church, Essex in B. J. Whiting & H. W. Whiting Prov., Sentences, & Proverbial Phrases (1968) 317 (MED) A yong rewler, wytles..An old man lecher, lwveles, A woman rebolde, sameles. c1475 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 184 (MED) A riche man a thefe nedeles, A womman a rebawde shameles..shalle never thrif blamles. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xviii. sig. n.vi ^v The fals and vnfaythfull rybaude..hath broken..the maryage bytwene her & the kynge of kynges. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 251 Scho is..Ane rank Rebald, reddy all tymes to ryde. 1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx xv. sig. G 3 The court wanteth not flatterers,..nor the poore miserie, Brothels ribalds, nor Prisons offendors. a1648 W. Percy Cuck-queanes & Cuckolds Errants (1824) iii. vi. 42 Hore, Hare, Harlot, Bitch, Fellatrice, Witch, Bawde, Ribaud, Tribade. 1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Ribaud, a baud. B. adj. 1. Of a person or persons: (in early use) lewd, coarse, or licentious in language or behaviour; deliberately and offensively abusive or impious; (now usually in weakened sense) given to bawdy, vulgar, or irreverent talk or behaviour; amusingly rude.Occasionally in extended use (of animals, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > ribald or scurrilous foulOE ribaldya1438 ribaldousc1440 villainous1470 ribald?a1500 ribaldious?1518 ribaldry1519 ribaldish?1533 rabulous1538 reprobriousa1539 ribaldrous1565 scurrile1567 profane1568 swearing1569 ribaldly1570 scurrilous1576 tarry1579 Fescennine verses1601 scogginly1620 ribaldrious1633 rotten in one's head1640 Billingsgate1652 promiscuous1753 blackguarding1789 blue1832 ?a1500 Court of Love (Trin. Cambr. R.3.19) l. 479 in K. Forni Chaucerian Apocrypha (2005) Ragged and torn, disguysed in array, Rybaude in speche. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 136 The rebald..man has wone ȝour hert, and his lusty plesaunce ȝoure chastite. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 154 Sanct Girnega did glyd, Befoir that rebald rowt. a1525 Court of Love 479 Disgysed in array, Ribaud in speche. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. ii. 11 The busie day, Wak't by the Larke hath rouzd the ribald Crowes. View more context for this quotation c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 102 Thus, this ribald regiment heaped wp sin. 1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i Let the ribald Railer learn To curb the lawless Licence of his Speech. 1764 K. O'Hara Midas iii. 47 Hush ribald cur, this bawling Unless you wish a mawling! a1822 P. B. Shelley Triumph of Life in Posthumous Poems (1824) 78 The ribald crowd that followed them. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 356 A miserable set of ribald ballad writers. 1890 R. Bridges Shorter Poems iv. xii. 73 A ribald cuckoo clamoured. 1917 M. Cowley Let. 26 June in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 45 One can hear ribald Chicagoans wandering about camp shouting at every opportunity. 1980 R. W. Clark Freud (1982) ii. 32 He was the model of iconoclastic youth, ribald about the Emperor,..contemptuous of established religion. 2008 Daily Tel. 2 Jan. 7/8 Mark Williams was a hilariously ribald Sir John Middleton. 2. Of language, humour, etc.: coarse, vulgar, scurrilous, irreverent; (subsequently esp.) referring to sexual matters in an amusingly rude or irreverent way. Now the most common sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [adjective] > ribald or scurrilous > speech, writing, or conduct ribald?a1513 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > lewd, bawdy, or obscene lewdc1386 filthy?c1400 knavishc1405 sensual?a1425 ribaldousc1440 dishonestc1450 bawdya1513 ribald?a1513 ribaldious?1518 slovenly?1518 ribaldry1519 priapish1531 ribaldish?1533 filthous1551 ribaldly1570 obscene1571 bawdisha1586 obscenous1591 greasy1598 dirty1599 fulsome1600 spurcitious1658 lasciviating1660 smutty1668 bawdry1764 ribaldric1796 un-Quakerlike1824 fat1836 ithyphallic1856 hot1892 rorty1898 rude1919 bitchy1928 feelthy1930 raunchy1943 ranchy1959 down and dirty1969 steamy1970 sleazo1972 a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 202 To red thy rebald rymyng with a rowt. 1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. xxiii. sig. M.ii^v When thou herest thy child swere, curse, strive, fight, lye or speke eny foule wordes or sing eny rybaud songes thou shalt reprove him sharply. 1621 F. Quarles Hadassa 1478 Foule ribbauld talke, and lothsome Drunkennesse. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 61 The luxurious, and ribald feasts of Baal-peor. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. ix. 104 In Conversations of ribald Entendre, I have heard it affirmed, that the Blushing of a Woman is a sure Proof of her understanding much more than became her. 1780 E. Burke Wks. (1808) III. 415 The ribbald invectives which occupy the place of argument. 1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies x. 46 Peals of laughter were mingled with loud ribald jokes. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 204 In the most ribald farces which were performed by mountebanks in Smithfield. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 128 Some ribald tracts of Bale. 1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down ii. xiii. 379 ‘'S war work,’ Stokes suggested with a ribald leer. 1988 Toronto Star (Nexis) 15 July h8 He could still hear Harold bellowing a ribald song about rolling him over in the clover. 2003 Independent 10 Apr. (Review section) 23/2 Lucy Gannon's racy and ribald new series is an Upstairs, Downstairs for a less reverential age. Phrases † King of the Ribalds: an officer of the medieval French royal household charged with the control of ‘ribalds’, and having jurisdiction over crimes committed within the court, vagrants seeking to enter it, and brothels, gaming houses, etc., in and around it. Hence in extended and allusive use. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > officers of French royal household portmanteau1597 King of the Ribalds1599 prevost de l'hostelc1650 a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7300 Falssemblant..in my court is thi dwellyng And of Ribawdis shalt be my kyng [Fr. rois des ribaus].] 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 71 He is called ‘Roye des Ribauldez’, whiche is, ‘the kinge of Ribaldes, or Harlottes’, or euill or wicked persons. 1654 J. Cleveland Idol of Clownes (new ed.) 11 Wat the Tyler..was King of the Ribauldes, the Idoll of the Kentish Clownes. 1769 tr. P. F. Velly Hist. Extracts I. 243 The King of the Ribauds had no bouche at court... His office was to be always without the gate, to keep off those who were not intitled to come in. 1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 244 Were he to..try to pass abroad for a gentleman, and this offence came to the ears of the ‘King of the Ribalds’,..the fool might reckon on being scourged till the blood ran down to his heels. 1910 Encycl. Britannica XIII. 329/1 We hear of kings of arms in the royal household of the 13th century, and we may compare their title with those of such officers as the King of the Ribalds and the King of the Minstrels. 1997 D. Nicholas Later Medieval City viii. 276 Several cities had ‘Kings of the Ribalds’ who performed various unpleasant duties with marginal persons. Derivatives † ribald-like adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1586 W. Webbe tr. Horace in Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. K.ii In iesting it must be obserued that it bee not lacyuious or Rybaldlike. 1637 J. Pocklington Altare Christianum xxv. 156 Had this man railed against the Canon..in odious and ribald-like termes,..he could not have frustrated the execution thereof so speedily. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1250
随便看	θ207406 θ207407 θ207408 θ207409 θ20741 θ207410 θ207411 θ207412 θ207413 θ207414 θ207415 θ207416 θ213416 θ213417 θ213418 θ213419 θ21342 θ213420 θ213421 θ213422 θ213423 θ213424 θ213425 θ213426 θ213427