rinforzandon.

Brit.

/ˌrɪnfɔːtˈsandəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌrɪnfɔrtˈsɑndoʊ/

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian rinforzando.

Etymology: < Italian rinforzando (18th cent. or earlier as a musical term), gerund of rinforzare to strengthen (a1348; earlier in intransitive use in sense ‘to become stronger’ (a1292)) < ri- re- prefix + in- in- prefix³ + forza (see force n.¹). Compare forzando adv., sforzando n.

Music.

A sudden stress or brief crescendo made over the space of a short phrase; (sometimes also) a sudden increase in volume; a direction to make this. Frequently abbreviated rf, rfz. Also figurative. Cf. sforzando n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > volume > [noun] > increase in volume

rinforzando1775

crescendo1776

sforzato1786

swell1803

sforzando1849

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > directions > [adverb] > for volume

forte1724

fortissimo1724

pf1724

più piano1724

piano1762

rinforzando1775

crescendo1776

mancando1786

sforzando1786

sforzato1786

forzando1828

1775 J. Steele Ess. Melody & Meas. Speech i. 13 The crescendo, rinforzando, or swell.

1812 W. Crotch Elements of Musical Composition 112 The peculiar characteristic of the piano forte is its power of varying degrees of loudness and softness, either suddenly or by crescendo, diminuendo, rinforzando, etc.

1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Scenes Clerical Life I. 48 Mr. Spratt was boxing the boys' ears with a constant rinforzando.

1874 Monthly Musical Rec. July 99/1 A melody..which, to my thinking, would be more affecting without the rinforzando on the last verse.

1944 W. J. Finn Conductor raises his Baton (1946) iv. 132 Rinforzando is only akin to sforzando but is often treated as a subito by conductors. The term rinforzando is not found in many modern scores.

a1994 N. Del Mar Conducting Berlioz (1997) 23 The rinforzandos should be given with little or no preparation to increase their shock value to the maximum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rinforzando
释义	rinforzandon. Brit. /ˌrɪnfɔːtˈsandəʊ/, U.S. /ˌrɪnfɔrtˈsɑndoʊ/ Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian rinforzando. Etymology: < Italian rinforzando (18th cent. or earlier as a musical term), gerund of rinforzare to strengthen (a1348; earlier in intransitive use in sense ‘to become stronger’ (a1292)) < ri- re- prefix + in- in- prefix³ + forza (see force n.¹). Compare forzando adv., sforzando n. Music. A sudden stress or brief crescendo made over the space of a short phrase; (sometimes also) a sudden increase in volume; a direction to make this. Frequently abbreviated rf, rfz. Also figurative. Cf. sforzando n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > volume > [noun] > increase in volume rinforzando1775 crescendo1776 sforzato1786 swell1803 sforzando1849 society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > directions > [adverb] > for volume forte1724 fortissimo1724 pf1724 più piano1724 piano1762 rinforzando1775 crescendo1776 mancando1786 sforzando1786 sforzato1786 forzando1828 1775 J. Steele Ess. Melody & Meas. Speech i. 13 The crescendo, rinforzando, or swell. 1812 W. Crotch Elements of Musical Composition 112 The peculiar characteristic of the piano forte is its power of varying degrees of loudness and softness, either suddenly or by crescendo, diminuendo, rinforzando, etc. 1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Scenes Clerical Life I. 48 Mr. Spratt was boxing the boys' ears with a constant rinforzando. 1874 Monthly Musical Rec. July 99/1 A melody..which, to my thinking, would be more affecting without the rinforzando on the last verse. 1944 W. J. Finn Conductor raises his Baton (1946) iv. 132 Rinforzando is only akin to sforzando but is often treated as a subito by conductors. The term rinforzando is not found in many modern scores. a1994 N. Del Mar Conducting Berlioz (1997) 23 The rinforzandos should be given with little or no preparation to increase their shock value to the maximum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1775
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