† rinev.¹

Forms: 1. Present stem Old English hrinan, Old English hrynan, Old English rinan, early Middle English hrine, early Middle English hryne, early Middle English riues (3rd singular, transmission error), early Middle English ruine (north-west midlands), early Middle English rune (north-west midlands), Middle English rene (northern), Middle English rin, Middle English ryne, Middle English ryueþ (3rd singular, transmission error), Middle English–1600s rine, late Middle English rinne, late Middle English–1500s rynde; Scottish pre-1700 ren, pre-1700 ryn, pre-1700 rynd, pre-1700 rynde. 2. Past tense. a. Strong early Old English hriene (singular subjunctive), Old English hran, Old English hrine (singular subjunctive), Old English hrinon (plural indicative), Old English hryne (subjunctive singular), Old English hrynon (plural indicative), Old English–Middle English ran, early Middle English roan, Middle English rane; N.E.D. (1909) also records a form Middle English rone. b. Weak Old English hrinde (Northumbrian), early Middle English rinede; Scottish pre-1700 ryndit, pre-1700 rynyt. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English gehrinen, Old English hrinen. b. Weak Old English gihrined (Northumbrian), Old English rined.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch rīnen , Old Saxon hrīnan , Old High German hrīnan , rīnan (Middle High German rīnen ), all in sense ‘to touch’, Old Icelandic hrína to touch, to take effect on, to hurt, Norwegian (Nynorsk) rina to take effect on, to hurt, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Latvian kriet to skim. Compare rime n.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class I (although occasional weak forms are attested, especially in Northumbrian); distinctively strong inflections survive into Middle English. The prefixed form gehrīnan (compare y- prefix) is also attested (which survives into early Middle English as irine ); compare also Old English æthrīnan atrine v., ahrīnan arine v., onhrīnan onrine v., oþhrīnan to touch (compare oth prep.).

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To touch, lay hands upon, come into contact with; (figurative) to have an effect upon, to affect.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)]

rineOE

takec1300

concern1446

redound1460

work1487

touch1491

solicit1601

salutea1616

enact1616

affect1630

reach1637

attinge1640

act1655

influence1661

irradiate1668

vibrate1845

involve1847

inwork1855

to cut ice (with someone)1894

dent1931

impact1935

to make (also put) a dent in1942

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touch [verb (transitive)]

arinec1000

atrinec1000

rineOE

trinec1200

reachc1225

takec1275

touchc1300

entouch1426

atouch1483

salutea1616

attinge1656

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)]

rineOE

afaite?c1225

stir?c1225

movea1325

amovec1380

inspire1390

commove1393

informa1398

toucha1400

embracec1430

rore1481

alter1529

to carry away?1529

raise1533

removea1540

heavec1540

affect?1548

carry1570

inmove1583

infecta1586

worka1616

unthaw1699

emove1835

emotionize1855

emotion1875

OE Beowulf (2008) 988 Æghwylc gecwæð þæt him heardra nan hrinan wolde iren ærgod þæt ðæs ahlæcan blodge beadufolme onberan wolde.

OE Genesis B 616 Nu scineð þe leoht fore glædlic ongean þæt ic from gode brohte hwit of heofonum; nu þu his hrinan meaht.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) ii. x. 136 Hwæt he [sc. a sparrow] on þa tid, þe he inne bið, ne bið hrinen [OE Cambr. Univ. rined] mid ðy storme þæs wintres.

OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) ii. 238 Beheald þæt þes læcedom ne hrine ne wæteres ne eorðan.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) ciii. 30 Gif he mid his mihte muntas hrineð, hi..reocað sona.

c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 94 Oft bið þeo sawle on ane..þohte swa bisiȝ þæt..þeah hire hwa rine [OE Julius hreppe], heo hit ne fæleð.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 299 Rin [a1250 Titus Run] him wið ase muche luue as þu hauest..he is þin.

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 466 Ȝif Mon be ded and he him Ryne, He reiseþ him to lyue anone.

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 308 (MED) To Rynde, vbi to tuche.

a1576 L. Nowell Vocabularium Saxonicum (1952) 25/2 Æthrinan, to touche, to rine, Lanc.

1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 39 To Rine, to touch. [Also in later dictionaries.]

b. intransitive. With various prepositions in same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touch [verb (transitive)] > succeed in touching

rineOE

reacha1400

OE Beowulf (2008) 2270 Swa giomormod giohðo mænde an æfter eallum, unbliðe hwear[f] dæges ond nihtes, oððæt deaðes wylm hran æt heortan.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15518 Þurrh þatt ȝho ran upp onn hiss claþ.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 208 Al þet he rine to, al were his ahne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21136 (MED) Folk ilkan wald oþer stemm, Qua rin moght titest on his hemm.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21231 (MED) He..lete þat bok a-pon þaim rine..it..was to þaim medicine.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3817 Freschely þai drynke, Bot was na renke at to it ran at euire rase eftire.

2. transitive and intransitive. To strike; to pierce.

ΚΠ

OE Riddle 15 28 Ic..þurh hest hrino hildepilum laðgewinnum.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 548 Irnene gadien, kene to keoruen al þet ha rinen [c1225 Royal rineð] to.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24391 (MED) It raght mi hert al thoru þe rote, Vnrideli on me rane [a1400 Fairf. hit me rane].

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2290 (MED) He myntez at hym maȝtyly, bot not þe mon rynez.

3. intransitive. With to or (occasionally) on. To belong or pertain to, be the concern or business of; to fall to. In later use also (chiefly Scottish): to be such as to have a particular effect or outcome; to redound to, tend to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)]

limp858

longlOE

belielOE

fallc1175

rine?c1225

belongc1330

pertaina1382

bec1384

appertain1416

cohere1634

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)]

wryc888

driveOE

drawc1175

rine?c1225

soundc1374

tendc1374

lean1398

clinea1400

movec1450

turnc1450

recline?a1475

covet1520

intend?1521

extenda1533

decline?1541

bow1562

bend1567

follow1572

inflecta1575

incline1584

warpa1592

to draw near1597

squint1599

nod1600

propend1605

looka1616

verge1664

gravitate1673

set1778

slant1850

trend1863

tilt1967

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 41 Ich write muche for oðere þet naut ne rinet to ou mine leoue sustren.

1399 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1399/1/17 That it [sc. a contribution of money] ryn nocht to the clergy in prejudice in tyme tocum, na hurtyng of fredome of halykyrk.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 29302 (MED) Þe sext poynt on þa men rins þat helpes till iews or sarzins Ogayns any cristen men.

1490 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1869) IV. 62 I will that..that good ryne to the profet of my iiij doghters.

1529 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 572 It ryndis till the grete apperand hurt of oure honoure and wele.

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. C.ii^v To do that thing quhik ryndit to the weill of the rest.

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. Ciii To do in all sortis that ryndis to thair office.

1590 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 146 I hoipe your majestie will think this cryme renis [printed reuis] bayth to your majesties honor, and commone weill.

4. transitive. To constrict.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict

thrumc1275

constrainc1374

nip1381

rinea1398

compress1398

withstrainc1400

coarctc1420

pincha1425

strain1426

nipe1440

thrumble1513

comprime?1541

astrict1548

sneap1598

cling1601

wring1603

constringe1609

coarctate1620

compinge1621

choke1635

compel1657

cramp1673

hunch1738

constrict1759

tighten1853

scrunch1861

throttle1863

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 23 By help of þe vertu þat closith & rineþ & openith þe herte [L. dilatatiuam cordis et constrictiuam], þis vertu worchiþ and makeþ breþinge in a beest.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 269 A serpent..whanne he swolweþ a bridde..furst arereþ..and afterwarde ryueþ [read ryneþ] and streyneþ himself [L. se restringit] for to þe þynge þat he swolweþ passe inward.

5. transitive. To concern oneself with, take notice or cognizance of. Also (occasionally) intransitive: to take notice.

ΚΠ

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xliv. 12 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 177 Forgete þi folke for to rine, And þe hous ofe fadre þine.

a1425 Comm. in H. R. Bramley Rolle's Psalter (1884) 2 Whos wol it write..make no more þen here is dygth, or ellys I rede hym hit ne ryne.

1591 (?a1425) Last Judgement (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 461 When you sawe the leaste of myne..with your rychesse you would not ryne [1607 Harl. 2124 them ryne].

Derivatives

rining n. the action or fact of touching; (also) the sense of touch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > [noun]

riningOE

touchingc1300

taking1340

toucha1387

tastea1400

atouchment1483

tuckingc1485

tacture1598

taction1623

contaction1628

tactation1688

tig1721

tact1801

skinship1966

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John (headings to readings) xliii Inspectione uel tactu lateris ac manuum : insceaunge uel mið rining uel miððy gehran ðæm sidum honda.

lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 18 Me þincð nu þæt þu ne truwie þam uttram gewitte, naðer ne þam eagum, ne þam earum, ne þam stencce, ne ðam spece [read swece], ne ðam hrinunge.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 186 Mid ðe rinunge of þine luue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† rinev.²

Forms: Old English rignan, Old English rinan, Middle English rine, Middle English ryne. Past tense. a. Weak Old English rynde, Old English–early Middle English rinde. b. Strong Old English ran, Middle English roen, Middle English ron, Middle English rone, Middle English roon.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rigna , Gothic rignjan < the Germanic base of rain n.¹ Compare rain v., and the Germanic forms cited at that entry.A rare example of an originally weak verb (in Old English weak Class I) developing strong inflections. The Old English 3rd singular past tense form rān is clearly modelled on the strong Class I conjugation (perhaps most immediately on the analogy of scīnan shine v.); in Middle English the reflex of this form (roon, rone, etc.) is much more commonly attested than the weak inflection.

Obsolete.

1. With non-referential it as subject.

a. intransitive. = rain v. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)]

rineOE

rainc1175

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of rain)

rineOE

berinea1300

raina1400

wet1740

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) ii. x. 134 Swa þu æt swæsendum sitte mid þinum ealdormannum & þegnum on wintertide, & sie fyr onælæd & þin heall gewyrmed, & hit rine & sniwe & styrme ute.

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) vii. 12 Hit rinde ða ofer eorðan feowertig daga & feowertig nihta on an.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) v. 45 He læt rinan ofer þa rihtwisan & ofer þa unrihtwisan.

c1300 St. Scholastica (Laud) l. 37 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 198 (MED) Hit bi-gan to þondri and hauli, leiȝten and eke rine.

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 184 (MED) Bote sed ysowe in eorþe by-gonne to chyne..ffor-to þe tyme þat hit ryne, Hit ne bringeþ fforþ no ffrut.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 239 (MED) Þei telle þat it roon neuere [L. non pluerat] from Adam to Noes flood.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 6440 (MED) Whan it snoweþ oiþer rineþ [a1425 Linc. Inn rayneþ].

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 677 Euere mo so sternelych it ron [?a1425 Harl. 3943 rone, c1460 Harl. 1239 Roon] And blew þer-with so wonderlyche loude That wel neigh no man heren oþer koude.

b. transitive. With blood, fire, etc., as object.

ΚΠ

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 29 On þam dæge..hyt rinde fyr & swefl of heofone.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1943 From heouene her com a sulcuð flod: þre dæȝes hit rinde [c1300 reinede] blod.

2. transitive. Of personal or other objects: to send or pour down like rain; = rain v. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall down (something) [verb (transitive)] > fall copiously

rineeOE

rainc1350

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > pour abundantly

rineeOE

pourc1330

streama1425

gush1530

troll1573

flood1829

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) x. 7 Dominus..pluet super peccatores laqueos ignis et sulphur et spiritus procellarum pars calicis eorum : dryhten..rineð ofer ða synfullan giren fyres & swefelrec & gast ysta dael calices heara.

OE Lambeth Psalter lxxvii. 24 Et pluit illis manna ad manducandum : & he rinde heom þane heofonlican mete to etanne.

3. intransitive. To fall as or like rain. Also transitive (reflexive) in same sense. to let (also do) rine: to cause (rain, etc.) to fall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop > drop down copiously or in a shower

rainOE

rineOE

snow?a1366

shower1611

sleet1786

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > drop or fall vertically > (as) from the sky > copiously

rainOE

rineOE

shower1582

hail1859

OE Blickling Homilies 91 Rineþ blodig regn æt æfen.

OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 41) 25 Dec. 2 And þi geare man geseah meoloc rinan of heofnum.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9853 Þa iwærd hit in ane time, þe ræin him gon rine [v.r. ryne].

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 49 He dede rine [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues Huntington MS reyne] uer berninde and bernston stinkinde ope þe cite of sodome and of gomorre.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xx. l. 315 (MED) Þe reyn þat ryneþ þer we reste sholde, Beoþ syknesses and oþer sorwes.

a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 406 (MED) God..let rine bred & flesch fram heuen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	rine
释义	† rinev.¹ Forms: 1. Present stem Old English hrinan, Old English hrynan, Old English rinan, early Middle English hrine, early Middle English hryne, early Middle English riues (3rd singular, transmission error), early Middle English ruine (north-west midlands), early Middle English rune (north-west midlands), Middle English rene (northern), Middle English rin, Middle English ryne, Middle English ryueþ (3rd singular, transmission error), Middle English–1600s rine, late Middle English rinne, late Middle English–1500s rynde; Scottish pre-1700 ren, pre-1700 ryn, pre-1700 rynd, pre-1700 rynde. 2. Past tense. a. Strong early Old English hriene (singular subjunctive), Old English hran, Old English hrine (singular subjunctive), Old English hrinon (plural indicative), Old English hryne (subjunctive singular), Old English hrynon (plural indicative), Old English–Middle English ran, early Middle English roan, Middle English rane; N.E.D. (1909) also records a form Middle English rone. b. Weak Old English hrinde (Northumbrian), early Middle English rinede; Scottish pre-1700 ryndit, pre-1700 rynyt. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English gehrinen, Old English hrinen. b. Weak Old English gihrined (Northumbrian), Old English rined. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch rīnen , Old Saxon hrīnan , Old High German hrīnan , rīnan (Middle High German rīnen ), all in sense ‘to touch’, Old Icelandic hrína to touch, to take effect on, to hurt, Norwegian (Nynorsk) rina to take effect on, to hurt, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Latvian kriet to skim. Compare rime n.¹In Old English a strong verb of Class I (although occasional weak forms are attested, especially in Northumbrian); distinctively strong inflections survive into Middle English. The prefixed form gehrīnan (compare y- prefix) is also attested (which survives into early Middle English as irine ); compare also Old English æthrīnan atrine v., ahrīnan arine v., onhrīnan onrine v., oþhrīnan to touch (compare oth prep.). Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To touch, lay hands upon, come into contact with; (figurative) to have an effect upon, to affect.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] rineOE takec1300 concern1446 redound1460 work1487 touch1491 solicit1601 salutea1616 enact1616 affect1630 reach1637 attinge1640 act1655 influence1661 irradiate1668 vibrate1845 involve1847 inwork1855 to cut ice (with someone)1894 dent1931 impact1935 to make (also put) a dent in1942 the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touch [verb (transitive)] arinec1000 atrinec1000 rineOE trinec1200 reachc1225 takec1275 touchc1300 entouch1426 atouch1483 salutea1616 attinge1656 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] rineOE afaite?c1225 stir?c1225 movea1325 amovec1380 inspire1390 commove1393 informa1398 toucha1400 embracec1430 rore1481 alter1529 to carry away?1529 raise1533 removea1540 heavec1540 affect?1548 carry1570 inmove1583 infecta1586 worka1616 unthaw1699 emove1835 emotionize1855 emotion1875 OE Beowulf (2008) 988 Æghwylc gecwæð þæt him heardra nan hrinan wolde iren ærgod þæt ðæs ahlæcan blodge beadufolme onberan wolde. OE Genesis B 616 Nu scineð þe leoht fore glædlic ongean þæt ic from gode brohte hwit of heofonum; nu þu his hrinan meaht. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) ii. x. 136 Hwæt he [sc. a sparrow] on þa tid, þe he inne bið, ne bið hrinen [OE Cambr. Univ. rined] mid ðy storme þæs wintres. OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) ii. 238 Beheald þæt þes læcedom ne hrine ne wæteres ne eorðan. OE Paris Psalter (1932) ciii. 30 Gif he mid his mihte muntas hrineð, hi..reocað sona. c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 94 Oft bið þeo sawle on ane..þohte swa bisiȝ þæt..þeah hire hwa rine [OE Julius hreppe], heo hit ne fæleð. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 299 Rin [a1250 Titus Run] him wið ase muche luue as þu hauest..he is þin. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 466 Ȝif Mon be ded and he him Ryne, He reiseþ him to lyue anone. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 308 (MED) To Rynde, vbi to tuche. a1576 L. Nowell Vocabularium Saxonicum (1952) 25/2 Æthrinan, to touche, to rine, Lanc. 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 39 To Rine, to touch. [Also in later dictionaries.] b. intransitive. With various prepositions in same sense. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touch [verb (transitive)] > succeed in touching rineOE reacha1400 OE Beowulf (2008) 2270 Swa giomormod giohðo mænde an æfter eallum, unbliðe hwear[f] dæges ond nihtes, oððæt deaðes wylm hran æt heortan. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15518 Þurrh þatt ȝho ran upp onn hiss claþ. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 208 Al þet he rine to, al were his ahne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21136 (MED) Folk ilkan wald oþer stemm, Qua rin moght titest on his hemm. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21231 (MED) He..lete þat bok a-pon þaim rine..it..was to þaim medicine. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3817 Freschely þai drynke, Bot was na renke at to it ran at euire rase eftire. 2. transitive and intransitive. To strike; to pierce. ΚΠ OE Riddle 15 28 Ic..þurh hest hrino hildepilum laðgewinnum. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 548 Irnene gadien, kene to keoruen al þet ha rinen [c1225 Royal rineð] to. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24391 (MED) It raght mi hert al thoru þe rote, Vnrideli on me rane [a1400 Fairf. hit me rane]. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2290 (MED) He myntez at hym maȝtyly, bot not þe mon rynez. 3. intransitive. With to or (occasionally) on. To belong or pertain to, be the concern or business of; to fall to. In later use also (chiefly Scottish): to be such as to have a particular effect or outcome; to redound to, tend to. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)] limp858 longlOE belielOE fallc1175 rine?c1225 belongc1330 pertaina1382 bec1384 appertain1416 cohere1634 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)] wryc888 driveOE drawc1175 rine?c1225 soundc1374 tendc1374 lean1398 clinea1400 movec1450 turnc1450 recline?a1475 covet1520 intend?1521 extenda1533 decline?1541 bow1562 bend1567 follow1572 inflecta1575 incline1584 warpa1592 to draw near1597 squint1599 nod1600 propend1605 looka1616 verge1664 gravitate1673 set1778 slant1850 trend1863 tilt1967 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 41 Ich write muche for oðere þet naut ne rinet to ou mine leoue sustren. 1399 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1399/1/17 That it [sc. a contribution of money] ryn nocht to the clergy in prejudice in tyme tocum, na hurtyng of fredome of halykyrk. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 29302 (MED) Þe sext poynt on þa men rins þat helpes till iews or sarzins Ogayns any cristen men. 1490 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1869) IV. 62 I will that..that good ryne to the profet of my iiij doghters. 1529 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 572 It ryndis till the grete apperand hurt of oure honoure and wele. 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. C.ii^v To do that thing quhik ryndit to the weill of the rest. 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. Ciii To do in all sortis that ryndis to thair office. 1590 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1932) II. 146 I hoipe your majestie will think this cryme renis [printed reuis] bayth to your majesties honor, and commone weill. 4. transitive. To constrict. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict thrumc1275 constrainc1374 nip1381 rinea1398 compress1398 withstrainc1400 coarctc1420 pincha1425 strain1426 nipe1440 thrumble1513 comprime?1541 astrict1548 sneap1598 cling1601 wring1603 constringe1609 coarctate1620 compinge1621 choke1635 compel1657 cramp1673 hunch1738 constrict1759 tighten1853 scrunch1861 throttle1863 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 23 By help of þe vertu þat closith & rineþ & openith þe herte [L. dilatatiuam cordis et constrictiuam], þis vertu worchiþ and makeþ breþinge in a beest. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 269 A serpent..whanne he swolweþ a bridde..furst arereþ..and afterwarde ryueþ [read ryneþ] and streyneþ himself [L. se restringit] for to þe þynge þat he swolweþ passe inward. 5. transitive. To concern oneself with, take notice or cognizance of. Also (occasionally) intransitive: to take notice. ΚΠ a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xliv. 12 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 177 Forgete þi folke for to rine, And þe hous ofe fadre þine. a1425 Comm. in H. R. Bramley Rolle's Psalter (1884) 2 Whos wol it write..make no more þen here is dygth, or ellys I rede hym hit ne ryne. 1591 (?a1425) Last Judgement (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 461 When you sawe the leaste of myne..with your rychesse you would not ryne [1607 Harl. 2124 them ryne]. Derivatives rining n. the action or fact of touching; (also) the sense of touch. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > [noun] riningOE touchingc1300 taking1340 toucha1387 tastea1400 atouchment1483 tuckingc1485 tacture1598 taction1623 contaction1628 tactation1688 tig1721 tact1801 skinship1966 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John (headings to readings) xliii Inspectione uel tactu lateris ac manuum : insceaunge uel mið rining uel miððy gehran ðæm sidum honda. lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 18 Me þincð nu þæt þu ne truwie þam uttram gewitte, naðer ne þam eagum, ne þam earum, ne þam stencce, ne ðam spece [read swece], ne ðam hrinunge. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 186 Mid ðe rinunge of þine luue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † rinev.² Forms: Old English rignan, Old English rinan, Middle English rine, Middle English ryne. Past tense. a. Weak Old English rynde, Old English–early Middle English rinde. b. Strong Old English ran, Middle English roen, Middle English ron, Middle English rone, Middle English roon. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic rigna , Gothic rignjan < the Germanic base of rain n.¹ Compare rain v., and the Germanic forms cited at that entry.A rare example of an originally weak verb (in Old English weak Class I) developing strong inflections. The Old English 3rd singular past tense form rān is clearly modelled on the strong Class I conjugation (perhaps most immediately on the analogy of scīnan shine v.); in Middle English the reflex of this form (roon, rone, etc.) is much more commonly attested than the weak inflection. Obsolete. 1. With non-referential it as subject. a. intransitive. = rain v. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] rineOE rainc1175 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of rain) rineOE berinea1300 raina1400 wet1740 OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) ii. x. 134 Swa þu æt swæsendum sitte mid þinum ealdormannum & þegnum on wintertide, & sie fyr onælæd & þin heall gewyrmed, & hit rine & sniwe & styrme ute. OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) vii. 12 Hit rinde ða ofer eorðan feowertig daga & feowertig nihta on an. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) v. 45 He læt rinan ofer þa rihtwisan & ofer þa unrihtwisan. c1300 St. Scholastica (Laud) l. 37 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 198 (MED) Hit bi-gan to þondri and hauli, leiȝten and eke rine. a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 184 (MED) Bote sed ysowe in eorþe by-gonne to chyne..ffor-to þe tyme þat hit ryne, Hit ne bringeþ fforþ no ffrut. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 239 (MED) Þei telle þat it roon neuere [L. non pluerat] from Adam to Noes flood. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 6440 (MED) Whan it snoweþ oiþer rineþ [a1425 Linc. Inn rayneþ]. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 677 Euere mo so sternelych it ron [?a1425 Harl. 3943 rone, c1460 Harl. 1239 Roon] And blew þer-with so wonderlyche loude That wel neigh no man heren oþer koude. b. transitive. With blood, fire, etc., as object. ΚΠ OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvii. 29 On þam dæge..hyt rinde fyr & swefl of heofone. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1943 From heouene her com a sulcuð flod: þre dæȝes hit rinde [c1300 reinede] blod. 2. transitive. Of personal or other objects: to send or pour down like rain; = rain v. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall down (something) [verb (transitive)] > fall copiously rineeOE rainc1350 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > pour abundantly rineeOE pourc1330 streama1425 gush1530 troll1573 flood1829 eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) x. 7 Dominus..pluet super peccatores laqueos ignis et sulphur et spiritus procellarum pars calicis eorum : dryhten..rineð ofer ða synfullan giren fyres & swefelrec & gast ysta dael calices heara. OE Lambeth Psalter lxxvii. 24 Et pluit illis manna ad manducandum : & he rinde heom þane heofonlican mete to etanne. 3. intransitive. To fall as or like rain. Also transitive (reflexive) in same sense. to let (also do) rine: to cause (rain, etc.) to fall. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop > drop down copiously or in a shower rainOE rineOE snow?a1366 shower1611 sleet1786 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > drop or fall vertically > (as) from the sky > copiously rainOE rineOE shower1582 hail1859 OE Blickling Homilies 91 Rineþ blodig regn æt æfen. OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 41) 25 Dec. 2 And þi geare man geseah meoloc rinan of heofnum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9853 Þa iwærd hit in ane time, þe ræin him gon rine [v.r. ryne]. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 49 He dede rine [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues Huntington MS reyne] uer berninde and bernston stinkinde ope þe cite of sodome and of gomorre. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xx. l. 315 (MED) Þe reyn þat ryneþ þer we reste sholde, Beoþ syknesses and oþer sorwes. a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 406 (MED) God..let rine bred & flesch fram heuen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.¹OEv.²eOE
随便看	hydraulic grade line hydraulic gradient hydraulic indicator hydraulic intensifier hydraulic jump hydraulic lime hydraulic machine hydraulic main hydraulic mean depth hydraulic mining hydraulic mortar hydraulic motor hydraulic organ hydraulic press hydraulic radius hydraulic ram hydraulic valve hydraulic wheel hydraulical hydraulically hydrauliccer hydrauliccest hydraulicer hydraulicest hydraulician

† rinev.1

Derivatives

† rinev.2

† rinev.¹

† rinev.²