rhon.

Brit.

/rəʊ/, U.S.

/roʊ/

Forms: late Middle English ro, 1600s– rho.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin rhō; Greek ῥῶ.

Etymology: < classical Latin rhō and its etymon ancient Greek ῥῶ, the name of the seventeenth (originally twentieth) letter of the Greek alphabet (see R n.).

1. (The name of) the seventeenth letter (Ρ, ρ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as r.In early use usually as one of the letters of Christ. Cf. chi-rho n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) lf. 9^v An Abc of anoþer manere A. B. C. Δ...o. breuis. pi. cophe. ro. summa. tau. [etc.].

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 11 If ȝe wil wit of þe abce of Grew and what kyn letters þai hafe, here ȝe may see þam and þer names also: alpha α, beta β..ro ρ, sima σ, [etc.].

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Labaro The letter Chi and Rhò, which signifieth Christ.

1683 in tr. Eusebius Hist. Church 541 In this Crown was the Symboll of the Salutary Appellation, to wit, two Letters representing the name of Christ,..the letter Rho being cut thorow in its middle part.

1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue I. i. ii. 3 The Greeks have 24 letters, whose Figure, Name, and Power are as followeth:..Rho..Sigma..Tau.

1844 M. Kavanagh Discov. Sci. Langs. II. 161 The seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet is..written in the Roman characters ‘rho’.

1883 I. Taylor Alphabet II. vii. 106 Even before the transmission of the alphabet to Italy the primitive Greek rho..which at Thera is hardly distinguishable from delta, began to be differentiated by a short tail.

1965 J. W. Wenham Elem. New Test. Greek i. 18 The alphabet... Rhō.

1985 Antiquaries Jrnl. June 318 Within the bowl of the spoon is a tiny monogram cross..with serifs and an open Rho.

2008 P. Low Athenian Empire 44 The letter rho, which was originally written in a form quite similar to the modern letter R, lost its ‘tail’ and began to be written P.

2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the seventeenth star of a constellation. Usually written ρ.For the history and rationale of this use see the note at mu n.¹ 2.

ΚΠ

1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 122 ρ Herculis... Double. Pretty unequal.

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 73 I viewed the nebula between η and ρ Ophiuchi.

1899 Astrophysical Jrnl. 9 157 The wonderful nebulous region about Rho Ophiuchi.

1924 G. E. Hale Depths of Universe ii. 39 Fig. 21 shows..the bright nebula surrounding the star Rho Ophiuchi.

1998 Sky & Telescope Mar. 35/2 The magnetic-gap parking mechanism cannot explain the planets around Rho Cancri or Rho Cor Bor.

3. Statistics. A correlation coefficient; spec. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Frequently written ρ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > variable > relationship between sets of variables > coefficient of correlation

correlation coefficient or coefficient of correlation1888

product moment1895

Pearson1903

rho1907

Spearman1907

phi coefficient1929

1907 Drapers' Company Res. Mem. (Biometric Ser.) 4 22 There is a further very serious indictment to be made against Spearman's R... R retains a constant value for wide variations in ρ₁₂.

1910 C. Spearman in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 3 287 The relation between the coefficients of ranks..and those of measurements... It is r = 2 sin (πρ/6), where ρ denotes the coefficient for ranks.

1940 R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 12) iii. 89 ‘Rho’ is a measure of correlation, known as the rank-difference measure.

1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 83 209 These two rankings were then correlated by use of Spearman's rho.

2005 N. Burns & S. K. Grove Pract. Nursing Res. (ed. 5) xx. 484/2 Calculation of rho is based on difference scores between a subject's ranking on the first and second set of scores.

4. Physics. In full rho meson. A neutral meson with a mass of approx. 770 MeV (1506 times that of an electron) that is observed as a resonance and on decaying typically produces two pions. Frequently written ρ.The rho meson has zero strangeness, unit isospin, unit spin, and negative parity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > meson > [noun] > type of

tau1949

photomeson1950

theta1954

eta1961

omega meson1961

rho1961

phi meson1962

bottomonium1976

quarkonium1977

upsilon1977

1961 S. Bergia et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 6 370/1 The possibility of detecting experimentally the T = 0 unstable particle (which we shall denote by ρ) is discussed.

1977 S. Weinberg First Three Minutes vii. 141 Rho mesons behave as if they consist of a quark and an antiquark.

1987 Science 20 Sept. 1251/3 The original string theory was only able to describe bosons such as the pi-meson or the rho meson.

2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey vii. 117 The broad ridge in red reveals the ‘rho’ resonance, which decays to two pions.

5. Genetics. More fully rho factor. A protein identified in Eschericha coli which is involved in transcription termination at specific sites. Frequently written ρ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > factor

determinant1893

factor1901

determiner1909

sex factor1909

rate factor1927

plasmon1932

plasmagene1939

resistance transfer factor1960

rho1969

1969 J. W. Roberts in Nature 20 Dec. 1168/1 The termination protein, which is named the ρ-factor (ρ for release), was discovered during a search for factors..which might increase the overall accuracy of in vitro RNA synthesis.

1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) v. 98 Alternatively, RNA synthesis can be terminated by the action of rho, a protein.

2003 Current Biol. 13 R715 (caption) Rho factor acts as a helicase to couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to nucleic acid unwinding. This results in disengagement of the mRNA from the genomic DNA and RNA polymerase.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rho
释义	rhon. Brit. /rəʊ/, U.S. /roʊ/ Forms: late Middle English ro, 1600s– rho. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin rhō; Greek ῥῶ. Etymology: < classical Latin rhō and its etymon ancient Greek ῥῶ, the name of the seventeenth (originally twentieth) letter of the Greek alphabet (see R n.). 1. (The name of) the seventeenth letter (Ρ, ρ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as r.In early use usually as one of the letters of Christ. Cf. chi-rho n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) lf. 9^v An Abc of anoþer manere A. B. C. Δ...o. breuis. pi. cophe. ro. summa. tau. [etc.]. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 11 If ȝe wil wit of þe abce of Grew and what kyn letters þai hafe, here ȝe may see þam and þer names also: alpha α, beta β..ro ρ, sima σ, [etc.]. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Labaro The letter Chi and Rhò, which signifieth Christ. 1683 in tr. Eusebius Hist. Church 541 In this Crown was the Symboll of the Salutary Appellation, to wit, two Letters representing the name of Christ,..the letter Rho being cut thorow in its middle part. 1746 T. Nugent tr. C. Lancelot et al. New Method of learning Greek Tongue I. i. ii. 3 The Greeks have 24 letters, whose Figure, Name, and Power are as followeth:..Rho..Sigma..Tau. 1844 M. Kavanagh Discov. Sci. Langs. II. 161 The seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet is..written in the Roman characters ‘rho’. 1883 I. Taylor Alphabet II. vii. 106 Even before the transmission of the alphabet to Italy the primitive Greek rho..which at Thera is hardly distinguishable from delta, began to be differentiated by a short tail. 1965 J. W. Wenham Elem. New Test. Greek i. 18 The alphabet... Rhō. 1985 Antiquaries Jrnl. June 318 Within the bowl of the spoon is a tiny monogram cross..with serifs and an open Rho. 2008 P. Low Athenian Empire 44 The letter rho, which was originally written in a form quite similar to the modern letter R, lost its ‘tail’ and began to be written P. 2. Astronomy. Used in the name of the seventeenth star of a constellation. Usually written ρ.For the history and rationale of this use see the note at mu n.¹ 2. ΚΠ 1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 122 ρ Herculis... Double. Pretty unequal. 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 73 I viewed the nebula between η and ρ Ophiuchi. 1899 Astrophysical Jrnl. 9 157 The wonderful nebulous region about Rho Ophiuchi. 1924 G. E. Hale Depths of Universe ii. 39 Fig. 21 shows..the bright nebula surrounding the star Rho Ophiuchi. 1998 Sky & Telescope Mar. 35/2 The magnetic-gap parking mechanism cannot explain the planets around Rho Cancri or Rho Cor Bor. 3. Statistics. A correlation coefficient; spec. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Frequently written ρ. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > variable > relationship between sets of variables > coefficient of correlation correlation coefficient or coefficient of correlation1888 product moment1895 Pearson1903 rho1907 Spearman1907 phi coefficient1929 1907 Drapers' Company Res. Mem. (Biometric Ser.) 4 22 There is a further very serious indictment to be made against Spearman's R... R retains a constant value for wide variations in ρ₁₂. 1910 C. Spearman in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 3 287 The relation between the coefficients of ranks..and those of measurements... It is r = 2 sin (πρ/6), where ρ denotes the coefficient for ranks. 1940 R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 12) iii. 89 ‘Rho’ is a measure of correlation, known as the rank-difference measure. 1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 83 209 These two rankings were then correlated by use of Spearman's rho. 2005 N. Burns & S. K. Grove Pract. Nursing Res. (ed. 5) xx. 484/2 Calculation of rho is based on difference scores between a subject's ranking on the first and second set of scores. 4. Physics. In full rho meson. A neutral meson with a mass of approx. 770 MeV (1506 times that of an electron) that is observed as a resonance and on decaying typically produces two pions. Frequently written ρ.The rho meson has zero strangeness, unit isospin, unit spin, and negative parity. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > meson > [noun] > type of tau1949 photomeson1950 theta1954 eta1961 omega meson1961 rho1961 phi meson1962 bottomonium1976 quarkonium1977 upsilon1977 1961 S. Bergia et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 6 370/1 The possibility of detecting experimentally the T = 0 unstable particle (which we shall denote by ρ) is discussed. 1977 S. Weinberg First Three Minutes vii. 141 Rho mesons behave as if they consist of a quark and an antiquark. 1987 Science 20 Sept. 1251/3 The original string theory was only able to describe bosons such as the pi-meson or the rho meson. 2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey vii. 117 The broad ridge in red reveals the ‘rho’ resonance, which decays to two pions. 5. Genetics. More fully rho factor. A protein identified in Eschericha coli which is involved in transcription termination at specific sites. Frequently written ρ. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > factor determinant1893 factor1901 determiner1909 sex factor1909 rate factor1927 plasmon1932 plasmagene1939 resistance transfer factor1960 rho1969 1969 J. W. Roberts in Nature 20 Dec. 1168/1 The termination protein, which is named the ρ-factor (ρ for release), was discovered during a search for factors..which might increase the overall accuracy of in vitro RNA synthesis. 1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) v. 98 Alternatively, RNA synthesis can be terminated by the action of rho, a protein. 2003 Current Biol. 13 R715 (caption) Rho factor acts as a helicase to couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to nucleic acid unwinding. This results in disengagement of the mRNA from the genomic DNA and RNA polymerase. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
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