rhizobiumn.

Brit.

/rʌɪˈzəʊbɪəm/, U.S.

/raɪˈzoʊbiəm/

Inflections: Plural rhizobia.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Rhizobium.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Rhizobium, genus name (B. Frank 1889, in Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 8 338) < rhizo- rhizo- comb. form + -bium (see bio- comb. form).

Botany and Microbiology.

Any bacterium of the genus Rhizobium (family Rhizobiaceae), comprising aerobic, Gram-negative, typically rod-shaped bacteria which invade the root hairs of leguminous plants and induce the formation of root nodules, in which the bacteria live as symbionts and fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it utilizable by the host plant; (in form Rhizobium) the genus itself. Also (loosely): any bacterium that performs a similar function.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of

vibrio1850

micrococcus1870

microzyme1870

Spirillum1875

mycothrix1876

leptothrix1877

Spirochaete1877

streptococcus1877

Actinomyces1879

frogspawn1880

schizophyte1880

schizomycetes1881

gonococcus1882

saprophile1882

vibrion1882

coccus1883

diplococcus1883

streptobacteria1883

Clostridium1884

actinomycetes1885

pneumococcus1885

macrococcus1887

staphylococcus1887

iron bacterium1888

Proteus1888

ferrobacterium1890

meningococcus1890

rhizobium1890

sulphobacteria1890

nitrobacterium1891

Streptothrix1891

sulphur bacterium1891

myxobacter1892

Myxococcus1892

tetracoccus1893

coli1894

Pasteurella1895

pyrotoxin1895

Gaertner1897

purple bacterium1897

myxobacterium1898

pseudomonas1899

thiobacteria1900

treponema1908

corynebacterium1909

mycobacterium1909

Salmonella1913

Neisseria1915

botulinum1916

rickettsia1916

leptospira1918

acetobacter1920

Brucella1920

pseudomonad1921

strep1927

enterobacterium1929

opportunist1937

eubacterium1939

agrobacterium1942

persister1944

Moraxella1948

enteric1956

streptomycete1956

leptospire1957

transformant1957

lysogen1958

listeria1961

C. difficile1962

yersinia1967

Campylobacter1971

cyanobacterium1973

coryneform1976

eubacterium1977

legionella1979

acetogen1982

C. diff.1990

acidophilous1996

1890 B. D. Halsted in Proc. Eleventh Ann. Meeting Soc. Promotion Agric. Sci. 81 Sulphur, when added to the soil, checks the development of the Rhizobium.

1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils 150 (heading) Root-bacteria or Rhizobia of legumes.

1947 Endeavour 6 130 When the seed of a legume develops in a soil containing Rhizobia the latter are attracted to the region of the developing root hairs.

1972 A. H. Gibson in J. H. Leigh & J. C. Noble Plants for Sheep in Austral. xi. 103 Considerable attention has been given to the development of techniques for estimating numbers of rhizobia in the soil.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xx. 1158 A Rhizobium that normally nodulates only beans can be converted into one that nodulates only peas.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 259 In all of the legumes, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the roots are from the genus Rhizobium (though there are many different species of rhizobia).

Derivatives

rhiˈzobial adj. of or relating to rhizobia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [adjective] > types of

vibrionic1850

vibrioid1864

micrococcal1881

gonococcal1888

pneumococcic1891

spirillar1891

pneumococcal1895

pneumococcous1897

streptococcal1897

streptococcic1897

paratyphoid1898

schizomycetic1898

amphitrichous1900

lophotrichous1900

staphylococcal1900

streptococcous1902

streptothricial1903

staphylococcic1904

rhizobial1906

meningococcal1907

meningococcic1907

clostridial1909

botulinum1910

coccoid1912

treponemal1913

Salmonella1916

leptospiral1924

neisserian1925

rickettsial1925

coccal1928

amphitrichate1929

botulinal1939

eubacterial1946

myxococcal1946

coryneform1952

neisserial1955

myxobacterial1957

listerial1961

listeric1961

cyanobacterial1974

1906 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 31 267 Moore found several instances of luxuriant vegetable growth without nodule formation, and upon microscopical examination detected rhizobial forms within the tissues of the root.

1957 Times 2 Dec. (Agric. Suppl.) p. vi/5 Both were inoculated with a peat-bound rhizobial culture and the fortuitous treading of the grazing animal was the only way in which the seeds could be covered.

2004 Science 9 Apr. 235/1 Researchers in several labs have identified these so-called Nod factors from several rhizobial species.

rhiˈzobially adv. by means of rhizobia.

ΚΠ

1974 Proc. 12th Internat. Grassland Congr. 1 671 Presumably the applied N replaced rather than supplemented the rhizobially-fixed N.

1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xi. 365 Small amounts of ¹⁵N, a stable isotope, had been applied to the soil so that the nitrogen available to both species in the soil could be distinguished from the rhizobially fixed nitrogen which was unlabelled.

1999 Current Opinion Plant Biol. 2 483/1 The focus of research on signalling in Rhizobium–legume interactions has moved from understanding the structure and synthesis of rhizobially made Nod factors, towards an analysis of how they function in plants.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rhizobium
释义	rhizobiumn. Brit. /rʌɪˈzəʊbɪəm/, U.S. /raɪˈzoʊbiəm/ Inflections: Plural rhizobia. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Rhizobium. Etymology: < scientific Latin Rhizobium, genus name (B. Frank 1889, in Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 8 338) < rhizo- rhizo- comb. form + -bium (see bio- comb. form). Botany and Microbiology. Any bacterium of the genus Rhizobium (family Rhizobiaceae), comprising aerobic, Gram-negative, typically rod-shaped bacteria which invade the root hairs of leguminous plants and induce the formation of root nodules, in which the bacteria live as symbionts and fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it utilizable by the host plant; (in form Rhizobium) the genus itself. Also (loosely): any bacterium that performs a similar function. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of vibrio1850 micrococcus1870 microzyme1870 Spirillum1875 mycothrix1876 leptothrix1877 Spirochaete1877 streptococcus1877 Actinomyces1879 frogspawn1880 schizophyte1880 schizomycetes1881 gonococcus1882 saprophile1882 vibrion1882 coccus1883 diplococcus1883 streptobacteria1883 Clostridium1884 actinomycetes1885 pneumococcus1885 macrococcus1887 staphylococcus1887 iron bacterium1888 Proteus1888 ferrobacterium1890 meningococcus1890 rhizobium1890 sulphobacteria1890 nitrobacterium1891 Streptothrix1891 sulphur bacterium1891 myxobacter1892 Myxococcus1892 tetracoccus1893 coli1894 Pasteurella1895 pyrotoxin1895 Gaertner1897 purple bacterium1897 myxobacterium1898 pseudomonas1899 thiobacteria1900 treponema1908 corynebacterium1909 mycobacterium1909 Salmonella1913 Neisseria1915 botulinum1916 rickettsia1916 leptospira1918 acetobacter1920 Brucella1920 pseudomonad1921 strep1927 enterobacterium1929 opportunist1937 eubacterium1939 agrobacterium1942 persister1944 Moraxella1948 enteric1956 streptomycete1956 leptospire1957 transformant1957 lysogen1958 listeria1961 C. difficile1962 yersinia1967 Campylobacter1971 cyanobacterium1973 coryneform1976 eubacterium1977 legionella1979 acetogen1982 C. diff.1990 acidophilous1996 1890 B. D. Halsted in Proc. Eleventh Ann. Meeting Soc. Promotion Agric. Sci. 81 Sulphur, when added to the soil, checks the development of the Rhizobium. 1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils 150 (heading) Root-bacteria or Rhizobia of legumes. 1947 Endeavour 6 130 When the seed of a legume develops in a soil containing Rhizobia the latter are attracted to the region of the developing root hairs. 1972 A. H. Gibson in J. H. Leigh & J. C. Noble Plants for Sheep in Austral. xi. 103 Considerable attention has been given to the development of techniques for estimating numbers of rhizobia in the soil. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xx. 1158 A Rhizobium that normally nodulates only beans can be converted into one that nodulates only peas. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 259 In all of the legumes, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the roots are from the genus Rhizobium (though there are many different species of rhizobia). Derivatives rhiˈzobial adj. of or relating to rhizobia. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [adjective] > types of vibrionic1850 vibrioid1864 micrococcal1881 gonococcal1888 pneumococcic1891 spirillar1891 pneumococcal1895 pneumococcous1897 streptococcal1897 streptococcic1897 paratyphoid1898 schizomycetic1898 amphitrichous1900 lophotrichous1900 staphylococcal1900 streptococcous1902 streptothricial1903 staphylococcic1904 rhizobial1906 meningococcal1907 meningococcic1907 clostridial1909 botulinum1910 coccoid1912 treponemal1913 Salmonella1916 leptospiral1924 neisserian1925 rickettsial1925 coccal1928 amphitrichate1929 botulinal1939 eubacterial1946 myxococcal1946 coryneform1952 neisserial1955 myxobacterial1957 listerial1961 listeric1961 cyanobacterial1974 1906 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 31 267 Moore found several instances of luxuriant vegetable growth without nodule formation, and upon microscopical examination detected rhizobial forms within the tissues of the root. 1957 Times 2 Dec. (Agric. Suppl.) p. vi/5 Both were inoculated with a peat-bound rhizobial culture and the fortuitous treading of the grazing animal was the only way in which the seeds could be covered. 2004 Science 9 Apr. 235/1 Researchers in several labs have identified these so-called Nod factors from several rhizobial species. rhiˈzobially adv. by means of rhizobia. ΚΠ 1974 Proc. 12th Internat. Grassland Congr. 1 671 Presumably the applied N replaced rather than supplemented the rhizobially-fixed N. 1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xi. 365 Small amounts of ¹⁵N, a stable isotope, had been applied to the soil so that the nitrogen available to both species in the soil could be distinguished from the rhizobially fixed nitrogen which was unlabelled. 1999 Current Opinion Plant Biol. 2 483/1 The focus of research on signalling in Rhizobium–legume interactions has moved from understanding the structure and synthesis of rhizobially made Nod factors, towards an analysis of how they function in plants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1890
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