| 释义 |
riddern.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon hrīdra , Old High German rītera , rītra (Middle High German rītere , rīter , German (now regional) Reiter ) < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish críathar and (with different suffix) classical Latin crībrum , both in sense ‘sieve’, and hence ultimately < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek κρίνειν to separate (see crisis n.). Compare later riddle n.2There is probably no connection with the Germanic base of Old English hriðian (with original sense ‘to shake’; compare the Germanic forms cited at Lang Reed n.), to which the word has sometimes been referred. The original form in Old English (as in the cognate languages) probably had a long stem vowel ī , which was subsequently shortened before the cluster of three consonants resulting from doubling of consonants before r (originally in inflected forms (compare the genitive singular form hriddres in quot. OE3 at α. ), later levelled to all cases (compare hridder, hriddor)); see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§285, 453. The origin of the β. forms is unclear; they may be alterations after nouns ending in -ern, although it is difficult to find semantically convincing models (perhaps compare quern n.1). Now English regional (chiefly midlands and southern) and rare. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > sieving > sieve or riddle the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > sifting > [noun] > sieve α. eOE (1890) 5/2 Glebulum, hrider. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 92 Ða abæd his fostormodor an hridder, and hit tobærst on emtwa on ðære læne. OE (1955) 130 Taratantara, hridder. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. i. 97 He..genam þa butu þa sticcu mid him þæs tobrocenan hriddres. c1400 (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 42 (MED) Yl y nad nase & creuere auxi..Me haþ reddere & zene al so..Ad le creuere pur quoy Ieo dy Nulle autre variance est en luy: Hath þe reddere for why y say Non oþer variaunce ys in hym. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 576/26 (MED) Cribrum..a rydder vel a syve. 1619–20 in H. J. F. Swayne (1896) 309 A sieve called a Rudder, 4d. 1667 (Royal Soc.) 2 527 Wash it [sc. lead-ore] clean in a running stream; then sift it in Iron-Rudders. a1722 E. Lisle (E.D.S.) (1880) at Rudder They said..the rudder would easily separate tills and barley. 1743 W. Ellis Dec. xi. 76 They pass them a second time through the ridder, or riddle sieve. 1839 J. Main 139 This ridge is next sifted..through a barley ridder. 1856 J. C. Morton (new ed.) I. 194/1 Wheat ‘Rudder’, twenty inches diameter... Barley Rudder. 1884 25 Sept. 2/6 Bushel, shaul, shovel, ridder, sieves [etc.]. 1948 M. Carbery & E. Grey 126 Ridder, a sieve. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † riddern.2Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rider n. Etymology: Probably ultimately a variant (with short vowel) of rider n., perhaps after similar formal variation in Middle Dutch or Middle Low German, although use in this sense is apparently not attested for the short-vowel forms in either language (see forms cited at rider n.); compare Old Frisian ridder , riddere , ritter in this sense. Compare earlier rider n. 2. In quot. 1694 after Middle French ridde (1465; 1552 in the passage translated), variant of rider (1439; also as ridre (1450), ridder (a1475); French †ridde, †rydre; < Middle Dutch). Originally and chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Dutch coins > gold 1489 in T. Thomson (1839) 130/1 Twa riddaris. 1507–8 in J. B. Paul (1902) IV. 93 xviij ridderis j Hary noble to mak ane pece of say to the samyn. 1694 P. A. Motteux (1737) iv. Prol. p. lxxxv Substantial Ridders [Fr. belles Riddes], Spankers, and Rose Nobles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). riddern.3Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rid v., -er suffix1. Etymology: < rid v. + -er suffix1. With sense 2 compare earlier redder n.1 1. the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > [noun] > one who rescues or delivers 1533 J. Heywood sig. B.i This is the pardon, the rydder of your synne. 1839 R. F. Williams I. viii. 221 The poison is the most subtle I ever heard of... Truly, 'tis a notable ridder of enemies. 1989 (Nexis) 26 June b3 Standing tall in black leather and polyurethane boots..the resolute ridder of evil glares menacingly from behind a protective glass case. 2009 (Nexis) Feb. 36 You may simply peruse the telephone directory and summon your local critter ridder, wildlife relocator, or exterminator. society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > [noun] > parting of combatants > one who parts combatants 1542 in C. Rogers (1880) II. 215 Conforme to the tende ridaris in thai partis. 1624 in J. Maidment (1845) II. 307 The said Alexander alleged that..he was a ridder and intervener between them that not one of them should hurt another. 1637 (Spalding Club) 12 He..was a ridder only between him and John Milne. 1642 in J. Stuart (1843) 28 The brethren present thocht him to be ane rogh ridder. 1862 R. Whately (1864) 214 The Scotch proverb that ‘the ridder gets aye the worst stroke in the fray’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ridderv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ridder n.1 Etymology: < ridder n.1 Compare Old Saxon hrīdron, Old High German rītarōn, hrītarōn (Middle High German rītern, German (now regional) reitern, †reutern).In Old English the prefixed form gehrīdrian (compare y- prefix) is also apparently attested (in an isolated occurrence):OE Lambeth Psalter lxxvi. 7 Et exercitabar et scobebam spiritum meum : & ic wæs gegearcod uel & ic geswanc & ic sweop uel & gehrudrede [read gehridrede or gehrydrede] minne gast. [eOE Vespasian Psalter Uentilabam in me spiritum meum : windwade in me gast minne.] English regional ( west midlands and south-western) in later use. Now rare. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > clean grain > by sieve the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > sifting > sift [verb (transitive)] OE (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 31 Nu Satanas gyrnde þæt he eow hridrude [c1200 Hatton riddrede; L. cribraret] swa swa hwæte. 1612 R. Loder (1936) 24 Payd for Ruddering. a1728 W. Kennett (BL Lansdowne MS 1033) f. 322/2 To ridder wheat... Oxfordsh. 1743 W. Ellis Dec. viii. 61 When he riddered it..he made Use of a Boy to supply his Sieve. 1832 4 No. 19. 38 When the corn has been riddered, it is thrown in shovelfuls from one end of the barn-floor towards the other. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Rudder,..to sift. 1903 W. P. Merrick in (1904) V. 99/2 [West Midlands] Ridder, the word is remembered, but the practice discontinued, owing to the introduction of machinery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † ridderv.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rid v., -er suffix5; ridder v.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < rid v. + -er suffix5, or perhaps a transferred use of ridder v.1 (compare similar use in sense ‘to remove’ of riddle v.1 2b). English regional ( Hertfordshire). Obsolete. rare. 1744 W. Ellis Jan. xii. 92 When the Hedge is riddered, as we call it, that is, when all the superfluous Wood..is taken out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). <  n.1eOE n.21489n.31533v.1OEv.21744 |
